List of birds of Mozambique

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Mozambique. The avifauna of Mozambique include a total of 788 species, of which 4 have been introduced by humans.

This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Mozambique.

The following tags have been used to highlight several categories, but not all species fall into one of these categories. Those that do not are commonly occurring native species.


 * (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Mozambique
 * (I) Introduced - a species introduced to Mozambique as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions
 * (E) Endemic - a species endemic to Mozambique

Ostriches
Order: StruthioniformesFamily: Struthionidae

The ostrich is a flightless bird native to Africa. It is the largest living species of bird. It is distinctive in its appearance, with a long neck and legs and the ability to run at high speeds.


 * Common ostrich, Struthio camelus
 * South African ostrich, S.c. australis

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl
Order: AnseriformesFamily: Anatidae

Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.


 * White-faced whistling-duck, Dendrocygna viduata
 * Fulvous whistling-duck, Dendrocygna bicolor
 * White-backed duck, Thalassornis leuconotus
 * Knob-billed duck, Sarkidiornis melanotos
 * Egyptian goose, Alopochen aegyptiacus
 * Spur-winged goose, Plectropterus gambensis
 * African pygmy-goose, Nettapus auritus
 * Blue-billed teal, Spatula hottentota
 * Cape shoveler, Spatula smithii
 * Northern shoveler, Spatula clypeata
 * African black duck, Anas sparsa
 * Yellow-billed duck, Anas undulata
 * Cape teal, Anas capensis
 * Red-billed duck, Anas erythrorhyncha
 * Southern pochard, Netta erythrophthalma
 * Maccoa duck, Oxyura maccoa

Guineafowl
Order: GalliformesFamily: Numididae

Guineafowl are a group of African, seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage.


 * Helmeted guineafowl, Numida meleagris
 * Southern crested guineafowl, Guttera edouardi

Pheasants, grouse, and allies
Order: GalliformesFamily: Phasianidae

The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.


 * Crested francolin, Ortygornis sephaena
 * Coqui francolin, Campocolinus coqui
 * Shelley's francolin, Scleroptila shelleyi
 * Blue quail, Synoicus adansonii
 * Common quail, Coturnix coturnix
 * Harlequin quail, Coturnix delegorguei
 * Natal francolin, Pternistis natalensis
 * Hildebrandt's francolin, Pternistis hildebrandti
 * Swainson's francolin, Pternistis swainsonii
 * Red-necked francolin, Pternistis afer

Flamingos
Order: PhoenicopteriformesFamily: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 ft tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.


 * Greater flamingo, Phoenicopterus roseus
 * Lesser flamingo, Phoenicopterus minor

Grebes
Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.


 * Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis
 * Great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus
 * Eared grebe, Podiceps nigricollis

Pigeons and doves
Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.


 * Rock pigeon, Columba livia
 * Speckled pigeon, Columba guinea
 * Rameron pigeon, Columba arquatrix
 * Delegorgue's pigeon, Columba delegorguei
 * Lemon dove, Columba larvata
 * Dusky turtle-dove, Streptopelia lugens
 * Mourning collared-dove, Streptopelia decipiens
 * Red-eyed dove, Streptopelia semitorquata
 * Ring-necked dove, Streptopelia capicola
 * Laughing dove, Streptopelia senegalensis
 * Emerald-spotted wood-dove, Turtur chalcospilos
 * Blue-spotted wood-dove, Turtur afer
 * Tambourine dove, Turtur tympanistria
 * Namaqua dove, Oena capensis
 * African green-pigeon, Treron calva

Sandgrouse
Order: PterocliformesFamily: Pteroclidae

Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.


 * Double-banded sandgrouse, Pterocles bicinctus

Bustards
Order: OtidiformesFamily: Otididae

Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.


 * Kori bustard, Ardeotis kori
 * Denham's bustard, Neotis denhami
 * Red-crested korhaan, Lophotis ruficrista
 * Black-bellied bustard, Lissotis melanogaster

Turacos
Order: MusophagiformesFamily: Musophagidae

The turacos, plantain eaters and go-away-birds make up the bird family Musophagidae. They are medium-sized arboreal birds. The turacos and plantain eaters are brightly coloured, usually in blue, green or purple. The go-away birds are mostly grey and white.


 * Livingstone's turaco, Tauraco livingstonii
 * Purple-crested turaco, Tauraco porphyreolophus
 * Gray go-away-bird, Corythaixoides concolor

Cuckoos
Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.


 * Senegal coucal, Centropus senegalensis
 * Coppery-tailed coucal, Centropus cupreicaudus (A)
 * White-browed coucal, Centropus superciliosus
 * Black coucal, Centropus grillii
 * Green malkoha, Ceuthmochares australis
 * Great spotted cuckoo, Clamator glandarius
 * Levaillant's cuckoo, Clamator levaillantii
 * Pied cuckoo, Clamator jacobinus
 * Thick-billed cuckoo, Pachycoccyx audeberti
 * Dideric cuckoo, Chrysococcyx caprius
 * Klaas's cuckoo, Chrysococcyx klaas
 * African emerald cuckoo, Chrysococcyx cupreus
 * Pallid cuckoo, Cacomantis pallidus (A)
 * Barred long-tailed cuckoo, Cercococcyx montanus
 * Black cuckoo, Cuculus clamosus
 * Red-chested cuckoo, Cuculus solitarius
 * Lesser cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalus
 * African cuckoo, Cuculus gularis
 * Madagascar cuckoo, Cuculus rochii
 * Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus

Nightjars and allies
Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.


 * Pennant-winged nightjar, Caprimulgus vexillarius
 * Eurasian nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus
 * Rufous-cheeked nightjar, Caprimulgus rufigena
 * Fiery-necked nightjar, Caprimulgus pectoralis
 * Montane nightjar, Caprimulgus poliocephalus (A)
 * Swamp nightjar, Caprimulgus natalensis
 * Freckled nightjar, Caprimulgus tristigma
 * Slender-tailed nightjar, Caprimulgus clarus
 * Square-tailed nightjar, Caprimulgus fossii

Swifts
Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.


 * Mottled spinetail, Telacanthura ussheri
 * Bat-like spinetail, Neafrapus boehmi
 * Scarce swift, Schoutedenapus myoptilus
 * Mottled swift, Apus aequatorialis
 * Common swift, Apus apus
 * African swift, Apus barbatus
 * Forbes-Watson's swift, Apus berliozi (A)
 * Little swift, Apus affinis
 * Horus swift, Apus horus
 * White-rumped swift, Apus caffer
 * African palm-swift, Cypsiurus parvus

Flufftails
Order: GruiformesFamily: Sarothruridae

The flufftails are a small family of ground-dwelling birds found only in Madagascar and sub-Saharan Africa.


 * Buff-spotted flufftail, Sarothrura elegans
 * Red-chested flufftail, Sarothrura rufa
 * Streaky-breasted flufftail, Sarothrura boehmi
 * Striped flufftail, Sarothrura affinis

Rails, gallinules, and coots
Order: GruiformesFamily: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.


 * African rail, Rallus caerulescens
 * Corn crake, Crex crex
 * African crake, Crex egregia
 * Spotted crake, Porzana porzana
 * Lesser moorhen, Paragallinula angulata
 * Eurasian moorhen, Gallinula chloropus
 * Red-knobbed coot, Fulica cristata
 * Allen's gallinule, Porphyrio alleni
 * African swamphen, Porphyrio madagascariensis
 * Striped crake, Amaurornis marginalis
 * Black crake, Zapornia flavirostris
 * Little crake, Zapornia parva
 * Baillon's crake, Zapornia pusilla

Finfoots
Order: GruiformesFamily: Heliornithidae

Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots.


 * African finfoot, Podica senegalensis

Cranes
Order: GruiformesFamily: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".


 * Gray crowned-crane, Balearica regulorum
 * Wattled crane, Bugeranus carunculatus

Thick-knees
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Burhinidae

The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.


 * Water thick-knee, Burhinus vermiculatus
 * Spotted thick-knee, Burhinus capensis

Stilts and avocets
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.


 * Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus
 * Pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta

Oystercatchers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.


 * Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus
 * African oystercatcher, Haematopus moquini (A)

Plovers and lapwings
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.


 * Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
 * Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva (A)
 * Long-toed lapwing, Vanellus crassirostris
 * Blacksmith lapwing, Vanellus armatus
 * Spur-winged lapwing, Vanellus spinosus (A)
 * White-headed lapwing, Vanellus albiceps
 * Senegal lapwing, Vanellus lugubris
 * Crowned lapwing, Vanellus coronatus
 * Wattled lapwing, Vanellus senegallus
 * Lesser sand-plover, Charadrius mongolus
 * Greater sand-plover, Charadrius leschenaultii
 * Caspian plover, Charadrius asiaticus
 * Kittlitz's plover, Charadrius pecuarius
 * Common ringed plover, Charadrius hiaticula
 * Three-banded plover, Charadrius tricollaris
 * White-fronted plover, Charadrius marginatus
 * Chestnut-banded plover, Charadrius pallidus

Painted-snipes
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Rostratulidae

Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured.


 * Greater painted-snipe, Rostratula benghalensis

Jacanas
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Jacanidae

The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.


 * Lesser jacana, Microparra capensis
 * African jacana, Actophilornis africanus

Sandpipers and allies
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.


 * Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
 * Eurasian curlew, Numenius arquata
 * Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica
 * Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa (A)
 * Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
 * Great knot, Calidris tenuirostris (A)
 * Red knot, Calidris canutus
 * Ruff, Calidris pugnax
 * Broad-billed sandpiper, Calidris falcinellus (A)
 * Sharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata (A)
 * Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea
 * Long-toed stint, Calidris subminuta (A)
 * Red-necked stint, Calidris ruficollis (A)
 * Sanderling, Calidris alba
 * Dunlin, Calidris alpina
 * Little stint, Calidris minuta
 * White-rumped sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis (A)
 * Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos (A)
 * Great snipe, Gallinago media
 * Common snipe, Gallinago gallinago
 * African snipe, Gallinago nigripennis
 * Terek sandpiper, Xenus cinereus
 * Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius
 * Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos
 * Green sandpiper, Tringa ochropus
 * Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus
 * Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia
 * Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis
 * Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola
 * Common redshank, Tringa totanus

Buttonquails
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Turnicidae

The buttonquails are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.


 * Small buttonquail, Turnix sylvatica
 * Black-rumped buttonquail, Turnix nanus

Crab-plover
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Dromadidae

The crab-plover is related to the waders. It resembles a plover but with very long grey legs and a strong heavy black bill similar to a tern. It has black-and-white plumage, a long neck, partially webbed feet and a bill designed for eating crabs.


 * Crab-plover, Dromas ardeola

Pratincoles and coursers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Glareolidae

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.


 * Temminck's courser, Cursorius temminckii
 * Bronze-winged courser, Rhinoptilus chalcopterus
 * Collared pratincole, Glareola pratincola
 * Black-winged pratincole, Glareola nordmanni
 * Madagascar pratincole, Glareola ocularis
 * Rock pratincole, Glareola nuchalis

Skuas and jaegers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.


 * South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki
 * Brown skua, Stercorarius antarctica
 * Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
 * Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus

Gulls, terns, and skimmers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.


 * Sabine's gull, Xema sabini
 * Gray-hooded gull, Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus
 * Hartlaub's gull, Chroicocephalus hartlaubii (A)
 * Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus (A)
 * Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan (A)
 * Sooty gull, Ichthyaetus hemprichii
 * Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus
 * Kelp gull, Larus dominicanus
 * Brown noddy, Anous stolidus (A)
 * Lesser noddy, Anous tenuirostris (A)
 * Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscatus
 * Bridled tern, Onychoprion anaethetus
 * Little tern, Sternula albifrons
 * Saunders's tern, Sternula saundersi (A)
 * Damara tern, Sternula balaenarum (A)
 * Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica (A)
 * Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia
 * Black tern, Chlidonias niger (A)
 * White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus
 * Whiskered tern, Chlidonias hybrida
 * Roseate tern, Sterna dougallii
 * Black-naped tern, Sterna sumatrana (A)
 * Common tern, Sterna hirundo
 * Arctic tern, Sterna paradisaea (A)
 * Great crested tern, Thalasseus bergii
 * Sandwich tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis
 * Lesser crested tern, Thalasseus bengalensis
 * West African crested tern, Thalasseus albididorsalis
 * African skimmer, Rynchops flavirostris

Tropicbirds
Order: PhaethontiformesFamily: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.


 * White-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon lepturus
 * Red-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon rubricauda

Penguins
Order: SphenisciformesFamily: Spheniscidae

The penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater.


 * African penguin, Spheniscus demersus

Albatrosses
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Diomedeidae

The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.


 * Yellow-nosed albatross, Thalassarche chlororhynchos
 * White-capped albatross, Thalassarche cauta
 * Black-browed albatross, Thalassarche melanophris
 * Sooty albatross, Phoebetria fusca
 * Light-mantled albatross, Phoebetria palpebrata (A)
 * Wandering albatross, Diomedea exulans

Southern storm-petrels
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Oceanitidae

The southern storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.


 * Wilson's storm-petrel, Oceanites oceanicus
 * White-faced storm-petrel, Pelagodroma marina
 * White-bellied storm-petrel, Fregetta grallaria (A)
 * Black-bellied storm-petrel, Fregetta tropica (A)

Northern storm-petrels
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Hydrobatidae

Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.


 * European storm-petrel, Hydrobates pelagicus
 * Leach's storm-petrel, Hydrobates leucorhous (A)
 * Swinhoe's storm-petrel, Hydrobates monorhis (A)
 * Matsudaira's storm-petrel, Hydrobates matsudairae (A)

Shearwaters and petrels
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.


 * Southern giant-petrel, Macronectes giganteus
 * Northern giant-petrel, Macronectes halli
 * Cape petrel, Daption capense
 * Great-winged petrel, Pterodroma macroptera
 * Soft-plumaged petrel, Pterodroma mollis
 * Atlantic petrel, Pterodroma incerta (A)
 * Broad-billed prion, Pachyptila vittata
 * Salvin's prion, Pachyptila salvini
 * Antarctic prion, Pachyptila desolata
 * Bulwer's petrel, Bulweria bulwerii (A)
 * Jouanin's petrel, Bulweria fallax
 * Gray petrel, Procellaria cinerea
 * White-chinned petrel, Procellaria aequinoctialis
 * Cory's shearwater, Calonectris diomedea (A)
 * Flesh-footed shearwater, Ardenna carneipes (A)
 * Great shearwater, Ardenna gravis
 * Wedge-tailed shearwater, Ardenna pacificus
 * Sooty shearwater, Ardenna griseus
 * Tropical shearwater, Puffinus bailloni (A)

Storks
Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.


 * African openbill, Anastomus lamelligerus
 * Black stork, Ciconia nigra
 * Abdim's stork, Ciconia abdimii
 * African woolly-necked stork, Ciconia microscelis
 * White stork, Ciconia ciconia
 * Saddle-billed stork, Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis
 * Marabou stork, Leptoptilos crumenifer
 * Yellow-billed stork, Mycteria ibis

Frigatebirds
Order: SuliformesFamily: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.


 * Lesser frigatebird, Fregata ariel (A)
 * Great frigatebird, Fregata minor

Boobies and gannets
Order: SuliformesFamily: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.


 * Masked booby, Sula dactylatra (A)
 * Brown booby, Sula leucogaster (A)
 * Red-footed booby, Sula sula
 * Cape gannet, Morus capensis

Anhingas
Order: SuliformesFamily: Anhingidae

Anhingas or darters are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.


 * African darter, Anhinga rufa

Cormorants and shags
Order: SuliformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.


 * Long-tailed cormorant, Microcarbo africanus
 * Cape cormorant, Phalacrocorax capensis
 * Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo

Pelicans
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.


 * Great white pelican, Pelecanus onocrotalus
 * Pink-backed pelican, Pelecanus rufescens

Hammerkop
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Scopidae

The hammerkop is a medium-sized bird with a long shaggy crest. The shape of its head with a curved bill and crest at the back is reminiscent of a hammer, hence its name. Its plumage is drab-brown all over.


 * Hamerkop, Scopus umbretta

Herons, egrets, and bitterns
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.


 * Great bittern, Botaurus stellaris
 * Little bittern, Ixobrychus minutus
 * Dwarf bittern, Ixobrychus sturmii
 * Gray heron, Ardea cinerea
 * Black-headed heron, Ardea melanocephala
 * Goliath heron, Ardea goliath
 * Purple heron, Ardea purpurea
 * Great egret, Ardea alba
 * Intermediate egret, Ardea intermedia
 * Little egret, Egretta garzetta
 * Western reef-heron, Egretta gularis
 * Slaty egret, Egretta vinaceigula
 * Black heron, Egretta ardesiaca
 * Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
 * Squacco heron, Ardeola ralloides
 * Malagasy pond-heron, Ardeola idae (A)
 * Rufous-bellied heron, Ardeola rufiventris
 * Striated heron, Butorides striata
 * Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
 * White-backed night-heron, Gorsachius leuconotus

Ibises and spoonbills
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Threskiornithidae

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.


 * Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus
 * African sacred ibis, Threskiornis aethiopicus
 * Hadada ibis, Bostrychia hagedash
 * African spoonbill, Platalea alba

Secretarybird
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Sagittariidae

The secretarybird is a bird of prey in the order Accipitriformes but is easily distinguished from other raptors by its long crane-like legs.


 * Secretarybird, Sagittarius serpentarius

Osprey
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Pandionidae

The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.


 * Osprey, Pandion haliaetus

Hawks, eagles, and kites
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.


 * Black-winged kite, Elanus caeruleus
 * African harrier-hawk, Polyboroides typus
 * Palm-nut vulture, Gypohierax angolensis
 * Bearded vulture, Gypaetus barbatus (A)
 * Egyptian vulture, Neophron percnopterus (A)
 * European honey-buzzard, Pernis apivorus
 * African cuckoo-hawk, Aviceda cuculoides
 * White-headed vulture, Trigonoceps occipitalis
 * Lappet-faced vulture, Torgos tracheliotos
 * Hooded vulture, Necrosyrtes monachus
 * White-backed vulture, Gyps africanus
 * Rüppell's griffon, Gyps rueppelli (A)
 * Cape griffon, Gyps coprotheres
 * Bateleur, Terathopius ecaudatus
 * Black-chested snake-eagle, Circaetus pectoralis
 * Brown snake-eagle, Circaetus cinereus
 * Fasciated snake-eagle, Circaetus fasciolatus
 * Banded snake-eagle, Circaetus cinerascens
 * Bat hawk, Macheiramphus alcinus
 * Crowned eagle, Stephanoaetus coronatus
 * Martial eagle, Polemaetus bellicosus
 * Long-crested eagle, Lophaetus occipitalis
 * Lesser spotted eagle, Clanga pomarina
 * Wahlberg's eagle, Hieraaetus wahlbergi
 * Booted eagle, Hieraaetus pennatus
 * Ayres's hawk-eagle, Hieraaetus ayresii
 * Tawny eagle, Aquila rapax
 * Steppe eagle, Aquila nipalensis
 * Verreaux's eagle, Aquila verreauxii
 * African hawk-eagle, Aquila spilogaster
 * Lizard buzzard, Kaupifalco monogrammicus
 * Dark chanting-goshawk, Melierax metabates
 * Gabar goshawk, Micronisus gabar
 * Grasshopper buzzard, Butastur rufipennis (A)
 * Eurasian marsh-harrier, Circus aeruginosus
 * African marsh-harrier, Circus ranivorus
 * Pallid harrier, Circus macrourus
 * Montagu's harrier, Circus pygargus
 * African goshawk, Accipiter tachiro
 * Shikra, Accipiter badius
 * Little sparrowhawk, Accipiter minullus
 * Ovambo sparrowhawk, Accipiter ovampensis
 * Rufous-breasted sparrowhawk, Accipiter rufiventris
 * Black goshawk, Accipiter melanoleucus
 * Black kite, Milvus migrans
 * African fish-eagle, Haliaeetus vocifer
 * Common buzzard, Buteo buteo
 * Augur buzzard, Buteo augur
 * Jackal buzzard, Buteo rufofuscus

Barn-owls
Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae

Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.


 * African grass-owl, Tyto capensis
 * Barn owl, Tyto alba

Owls
Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae

The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.


 * Eurasian scops-owl, Otus scops
 * African scops-owl, Otus senegalensis
 * Southern white-faced owl, Ptilopsis granti
 * Cape eagle-owl, Bubo capensis
 * Spotted eagle-owl, Bubo africanus
 * Verreaux's eagle-owl, Bubo lacteus
 * Pel's fishing-owl, Scotopelia peli
 * Pearl-spotted owlet, Glaucidium perlatum
 * African barred owlet, Glaucidium capense
 * African wood-owl, Strix woodfordii
 * Marsh owl, Asio capensis

Mousebirds
Order: ColiiformesFamily: Coliidae

The mousebirds are slender greyish or brown birds with soft, hairlike body feathers and very long thin tails. They are arboreal and scurry through the leaves like rodents in search of berries, fruit and buds. They are acrobatic and can feed upside down. All species have strong claws and reversible outer toes. They also have crests and stubby bills.


 * Speckled mousebird, Colius striatus
 * Red-faced mousebird, Urocolius indicus

Trogons
Order: TrogoniformesFamily: Trogonidae

The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colourful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage.


 * Narina trogon, Apaloderma narina
 * Bar-tailed trogon, Apaloderma vittatum

Hoopoes
Order: BucerotiformesFamily: Upupidae

Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head.


 * Eurasian hoopoe, Upupa epops

Woodhoopoes and scimitarbills
Order: BucerotiformesFamily: Phoeniculidae

The woodhoopoes are related to the kingfishers, rollers and hoopoes. They most resemble the hoopoes with their long curved bills, used to probe for insects, and short rounded wings. However, they differ in that they have metallic plumage, often blue, green or purple, and lack an erectile crest.


 * Green woodhoopoe, Phoeniculus purpureus
 * Common scimitarbill, Rhinopomastus cyanomelas

Ground-hornbills
Order: BucerotiformesFamily: Bucorvidae

The ground-hornbills are terrestrial birds which feed almost entirely on insects, other birds, snakes, and amphibians.


 * Southern ground-hornbill, Bucorvus leadbeateri

Hornbills
Order: BucerotiformesFamily: Bucerotidae

Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. Frequently, the bill is brightly coloured.


 * Crowned hornbill, Lophoceros alboterminatus
 * African gray hornbill, Lophoceros nasutus
 * Pale-billed hornbill, Lophoceros pallidirostris
 * Pale-billed hornbill, Lophoceros pallidirostris
 * Southern yellow-billed hornbill, Tockus leucomelas
 * Southern red-billed hornbill, Tockus rufirostris
 * Silvery-cheeked hornbill, Bycanistes brevis
 * Trumpeter hornbill, Bycanistes bucinator

Kingfishers
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.


 * Half-collared kingfisher, Alcedo semitorquata
 * Malachite kingfisher, Corythornis cristatus
 * African pygmy kingfisher, Ispidina picta
 * Gray-headed kingfisher, Halcyon leucocephala
 * Woodland kingfisher, Halcyon senegalensis
 * Mangrove kingfisher, Halcyon senegaloides
 * Brown-hooded kingfisher, Halcyon albiventris
 * Striped kingfisher, Halcyon chelicuti
 * Giant kingfisher, Megaceryle maximus
 * Pied kingfisher, Ceryle rudis

Bee-eaters
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Meropidae

The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.


 * White-fronted bee-eater, Merops bullockoides
 * Little bee-eater, Merops pusillus
 * Swallow-tailed bee-eater, Merops hirundineus
 * Böhm's bee-eater, Merops boehmi
 * Blue-cheeked bee-eater, Merops persicus
 * Madagascar bee-eater, Merops superciliosus
 * European bee-eater, Merops apiaster
 * Northern carmine bee-eater, Merops nubicus (A)
 * Southern carmine bee-eater, Merops nubicoides

Rollers
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Coraciidae

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.


 * European roller, Coracias garrulus
 * Lilac-breasted roller, Coracias caudata
 * Racket-tailed roller, Coracias spatulata
 * Rufous-crowned roller, Coracias naevia
 * Broad-billed roller, Eurystomus glaucurus

African barbets
Order: PiciformesFamily: Lybiidae

The African barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly coloured.


 * Crested barbet, Trachyphonus vaillantii
 * White-eared barbet, Stactolaema leucotis
 * Whyte's barbet, Stactolaema whytii
 * Green barbet, Stactolaema olivacea
 * Green tinkerbird, Pogoniulus simplex (A)
 * Yellow-rumped tinkerbird, Pogoniulus bilineatus
 * Red-fronted tinkerbird, Pogoniulus pusillus
 * Yellow-fronted tinkerbird, Pogoniulus chrysoconus
 * Pied barbet, Tricholaema leucomelas
 * Black-collared barbet, Lybius torquatus
 * Brown-breasted barbet, Lybius melanopterus

Honeyguides
Order: PiciformesFamily: Indicatoridae

Honeyguides are among the few birds that feed on wax. They are named for the greater honeyguide which leads traditional honey-hunters to bees' nests and, after the hunters have harvested the honey, feeds on the remaining contents of the hive.


 * Green-backed honeyguide, Prodotiscus zambesiae
 * Wahlberg's honeyguide, Prodotiscus regulus
 * Pallid honeyguide, Indicator meliphilus
 * Lesser honeyguide, Indicator minor
 * Scaly-throated honeyguide, Indicator variegatus
 * Greater honeyguide, Indicator indicator

Woodpeckers
Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.


 * Rufous-necked wryneck, Jynx ruficollis
 * Cardinal woodpecker, Chloropicus fuscescens
 * Bearded woodpecker, Chloropicus namaquus
 * Stierling's woodpecker, Chloropicus stierlingi
 * Olive woodpecker, Chloropicus griseocephalus
 * Green-backed woodpecker, Campethera cailliautii
 * Bennett's woodpecker, Campethera bennettii
 * Reichenow's woodpecker, Campethera scriptoricauda
 * Golden-tailed woodpecker, Campethera abingoni

Falcons and caracaras
Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.


 * Lesser kestrel, Falco naumanni
 * Rock kestrel, Falco rupicolus
 * Greater kestrel, Falco rupicoloides
 * Dickinson's kestrel, Falco dickinsoni
 * Red-necked falcon, Falco chicquera
 * Amur falcon, Falco amurensis
 * Eleonora's falcon, Falco eleonorae (A)
 * Sooty falcon, Falco concolor
 * Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo
 * African hobby, Falco cuvierii
 * Lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus
 * Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus
 * Taita falcon, Falco fasciinucha

Old World parrots
Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittaculidae

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from 8 cm to 1 m in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.


 * Rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri (I)
 * Lilian's lovebird, Agapornis lilianae

African and New World parrots
Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittacidae

Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back. Most of the more than 150 species in this family are found in the New World.


 * Brown-necked parrot, Poicephalus robustus
 * Meyer's parrot, Poicephalus meyeri
 * Brown-headed parrot, Poicephalus cryptoxanthus

African and green broadbills
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Calyptomenidae

The broadbills are small, brightly coloured birds, which feed on fruit and also take insects in flycatcher fashion, snapping their broad bills. Their habitat is canopies of wet forests.


 * African broadbill, Smithornis capensis

Pittas
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pittidae

Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards and are stocky, with fairly long, strong legs, short tails and stout bills. Many are brightly coloured. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects and similar invertebrates.


 * African pitta, Pitta angolensis

Cuckooshrikes
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Campephagidae

The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured.


 * Gray cuckooshrike, Coracina caesia
 * White-breasted cuckooshrike, Coracina pectoralis
 * Black cuckooshrike, Campephaga flava

Old World orioles
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Oriolidae

The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.


 * Eurasian golden oriole, Oriolus oriolus
 * African golden oriole, Oriolus auratus
 * Green-headed oriole, Oriolus chlorocephalus
 * African black-headed oriole, Oriolus larvatus

Wattle-eyes and batises
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Platysteiridae

The wattle-eyes, also called puffback flycatchers, are small stout passerine birds of the African tropics. They get their name from the brightly coloured fleshy eye decorations found in most species in this group.


 * Black-throated wattle-eye, Platysteira peltata
 * Short-tailed batis, Batis mixta
 * Dark batis, Batis crypta (A)
 * Cape batis, Batis capensis
 * Woodward's batis, Batis fratrum
 * Chinspot batis, Batis molitor
 * Pale batis, Batis soror

Vangas, helmetshrikes, and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Vangidae

The helmetshrikes are similar in build to the shrikes, but tend to be colourful species with distinctive crests or other head ornaments, such as wattles, from which they get their name.


 * White helmetshrike, Prionops plumatus
 * Retz's helmetshrike, Prionops retzii
 * Chestnut-fronted helmetshrike, Prionops scopifrons
 * Black-and-white shrike-flycatcher, Bias musicus

Bushshrikes and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Malaconotidae

Bushshrikes are similar in habits to shrikes, hunting insects and other small prey from a perch on a bush. Although similar in build to the shrikes, these tend to be either colourful species or largely black; some species are quite secretive.


 * Brubru, Nilaus afer
 * Black-backed puffback, Dryoscopus cubla
 * Marsh tchagra, Tchagra minuta
 * Black-crowned tchagra, Tchagra senegala
 * Brown-crowned tchagra, Tchagra australis
 * Southern tchagra, Tchagra tchagra
 * Tropical boubou, Laniarius major
 * Southern boubou, Laniarius ferrugineus
 * Bokmakierie, Telophorus zeylonus
 * Sulphur-breasted bushshrike, Telophorus sulfureopectus
 * Olive bushshrike, Telophorus olivaceus
 * Black-fronted bushshrike, Telophorus nigrifrons
 * Four-colored bushshrike, Telophorus viridis
 * Gray-headed bushshrike, Malaconotus blanchoti

Drongos
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Dicruridae

The drongos are mostly black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground.


 * Common square-tailed drongo, Dicrurus ludwigii
 * Fork-tailed drongo, Dicrurus adsimilis

Monarch flycatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Monarchidae

The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching.


 * African crested-flycatcher, Trochocercus cyanomelas
 * African paradise-flycatcher, Terpsiphone viridis

Shrikes
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.


 * Red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio
 * Red-tailed shrike, Lanius phoenicuroides (A)
 * Lesser gray shrike, Lanius minor
 * Magpie shrike, Lanius melanoleucus
 * Northern fiscal, Lanius humeralis
 * Southern fiscal, Lanius collaris
 * Souza's shrike, Lanius souzae
 * White-crowned shrike, Eurocephalus anguitimens

Crows, jays, and magpies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.


 * House crow, Corvus splendens (I)
 * Pied crow, Corvus albus
 * White-necked raven, Corvus albicollis

Hyliotas
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hyliotidae

The members of this small family, all of genus Hyliota, are birds of the forest canopy. They tend to feed in mixed-species flocks.


 * Yellow-bellied hyliota, Hyliota flavigaster
 * Southern hyliota, Hyliota australis

Fairy flycatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Stenostiridae

Most of the species of this small family are found in Africa, though a few inhabit tropical Asia. They are not closely related to other birds called "flycatchers".


 * White-tailed blue flycatcher, Elminia albicauda
 * White-tailed crested-flycatcher, Elminia albonotata

Tits, chickadees, and titmice
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.


 * White-winged black-tit, Melaniparus leucomelas
 * Rufous-bellied tit, Melaniparus rufiventris
 * Southern black-tit, Melaniparus niger
 * Miombo tit, Melaniparus griseiventris

Penduline-tits
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Remizidae

The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.


 * African penduline-tit, Anthoscopus caroli

Larks
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.


 * Dusky lark, Pinarocorys nigricans
 * Chestnut-backed sparrow-lark, Eremopterix leucotis
 * Gray-backed sparrow-lark, Eremopterix verticalis (A)
 * Sabota lark, Calendulauda sabota
 * Fawn-coloured lark, Calendulauda africanoides
 * Rufous-naped lark, Mirafra africana
 * Flappet lark, Mirafra rufocinnamomea
 * Monotonous lark, Mirafra passerina (A)
 * Red-capped lark, Calandrella cinerea

Nicators
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Nicatoridae

The nicators are shrike-like, with hooked bills. They are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa.


 * Eastern nicator, Nicator gularis

African warblers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Macrosphenidae

African warblers are small to medium-sized insectivores which are found in a wide variety of habitats south of the Sahara.


 * Red-capped crombec, Sylvietta ruficapilla
 * Red-faced crombec, Sylvietta whytii
 * Cape crombec, Sylvietta rufescens
 * Moustached grass-warbler, Melocichla mentalis
 * Cape grassbird, Sphenoeacus afer
 * Kretschmer's longbill, Macrosphenus kretschmeri

Cisticolas and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cisticolidae

The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.


 * Yellow-bellied eremomela, Eremomela icteropygialis
 * Greencap eremomela, Eremomela scotops
 * Burnt-neck eremomela, Eremomela usticollis
 * Roberts's warbler, Oreophilais robertsi
 * African tailorbird, Artisornis metopias
 * Long-billed tailorbird, Artisornis moreaui
 * Miombo wren-warbler, Calamonastes undosus
 * Stierling's wren-warbler, Calamonastes stierlingi
 * Green-backed camaroptera, Camaroptera brachyura
 * Bar-throated apalis, Apalis thoracica
 * Yellow-throated apalis, Apalis flavigularis
 * Namuli apalis, Apalis lynesi (E)
 * White-winged apalis, Apalis chariessa
 * Yellow-breasted apalis, Apalis flavida
 * Rudd's apalis, Apalis ruddi
 * Black-headed apalis, Apalis melanocephala
 * Chirinda apalis, Apalis chirindensis
 * Tawny-flanked prinia, Prinia subflava
 * Red-winged prinia, Prinia erythroptera
 * Red-faced cisticola, Cisticola erythrops
 * Singing cisticola, Cisticola cantans
 * Rock-loving cisticola, Cisticola aberrans
 * Rattling cisticola, Cisticola chiniana
 * Wailing cisticola, Cisticola lais
 * Luapula cisticola, Cisticola luapula
 * Rufous-winged cisticola, Cisticola galactotes
 * Levaillant's cisticola, Cisticola tinniens
 * Croaking cisticola, Cisticola natalensis
 * Piping cisticola, Cisticola fulvicapillus
 * Siffling cisticola, Cisticola brachypterus
 * Zitting cisticola, Cisticola juncidis
 * Desert cisticola, Cisticola aridulus
 * Cloud cisticola, Cisticola textrix
 * Pale-crowned cisticola, Cisticola cinnamomeus
 * Wing-snapping cisticola, Cisticola ayresii

Reed warblers and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Acrocephalidae

The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.


 * African yellow-warbler, Iduna natalensis
 * Olive-tree warbler, Hippolais olivetorum
 * Icterine warbler, Hippolais icterina
 * Sedge warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
 * Marsh warbler, Acrocephalus palustris
 * Common reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus
 * Basra reed warbler, Acrocephalus griseldis
 * Lesser swamp warbler, Acrocephalus gracilirostris
 * Great reed warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus

Grassbirds and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Locustellidae

Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.


 * River warbler, Locustella fluviatilis
 * Fan-tailed grassbird, Catriscus brevirostris
 * Barratt's warbler, Bradypterus barratti
 * Evergreen-forest warbler, Bradypterus lopezi
 * Cinnamon bracken-warbler, Bradypterus cinnamomeus
 * Little rush warbler, Bradypterus baboecala

Swallows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.


 * Plain martin, Riparia paludicola
 * Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
 * Banded martin, Neophedina cincta
 * Mascarene martin, Phedina borbonica
 * Rock martin, Ptyonoprogne fuligula
 * Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
 * White-throated swallow, Hirundo albigularis
 * Wire-tailed swallow, Hirundo smithii
 * Pearl-breasted swallow, Hirundo dimidiata
 * Montane blue swallow, Hirundo atrocaerulea
 * Greater striped swallow, Cecropis cucullata (A)
 * Lesser striped swallow, Cecropis abyssinica
 * Rufous-chested swallow, Cecropis semirufa
 * Mosque swallow, Cecropis senegalensis
 * Common house-martin, Delichon urbicum
 * Black sawwing, Psalidoprocne pristoptera
 * Gray-rumped swallow, Pseudhirundo griseopyga

Bulbuls
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pycnonotidae

Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.


 * Sombre greenbul, Andropadus importunus
 * Eastern mountain greenbul, Arizelocichla nigriceps
 * Black-browed mountain greenbul, Arizelocichla fusciceps
 * Stripe-cheeked greenbul, Arizelocichla milanjensis
 * Yellow-bellied greenbul, Chlorocichla flaviventris
 * Little greenbul, Eurillas virens
 * Terrestrial brownbul, Phyllastrephus terrestris
 * Northern brownbul, Phyllastrephus strepitans
 * Gray-olive greenbul, Phyllastrephus cerviniventris
 * Fischer's greenbul, Phyllastrephus fischeri
 * Cabanis's greenbul, Phyllastrephus cabanisi
 * Yellow-streaked bulbul, Phyllastrephus flavostriatus
 * Tiny greenbul, Phyllastrephus debilis
 * Common bulbul, Pycnonotus barbatus

Leaf warblers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Phylloscopidae

Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with grayish-green to grayish-brown colors.


 * Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus
 * Yellow-throated woodland-warbler, Phylloscopus ruficapillus

Bush warblers and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Scotocercidae

The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place genus Erythrocerus in another family.


 * Livingstone's flycatcher, Erythrocercus livingstonei

Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sylviidae

The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.


 * Eurasian blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla (A)
 * Garden warbler, Sylvia borin
 * African hill babbler, Sylvia abyssinica
 * Greater whitethroat, Curruca communis (A)

White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Zosteropidae

The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.


 * Orange River white-eye, Zosterops pallidus
 * Cape white-eye, Zosterops virens
 * Southern yellow white-eye, Zosterops anderssoni

Laughingthrushes and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Leiothrichidae

The members of this family are diverse in size and coloration, though those of genus Turdoides tend to be brown or grayish. The family is found in Africa, India, and southeast Asia.


 * Arrow-marked babbler, Turdoides jardineii
 * Southern pied-babbler, Turdoides bicolor

Treecreepers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.


 * African spotted creeper, Salpornis salvadori

Oxpeckers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Buphagidae

As both the English and scientific names of these birds imply, they feed on ectoparasites, primarily ticks, found on large mammals.


 * Red-billed oxpecker, Buphagus erythrorynchus
 * Yellow-billed oxpecker, Buphagus africanus

Starlings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.


 * Wattled starling, Creatophora cinerea
 * Common myna, Acridotheres tristis (I)
 * Violet-backed starling, Cinnyricinclus leucogaster
 * Red-winged starling, Onychognathus morio
 * Black-bellied starling, Notopholia corrusca
 * Burchell's starling, Lamprotornis australis
 * Meves's starling, Lamprotornis mevesii
 * African pied starling, Lamprotornis bicolor
 * Lesser blue-eared starling, Lamprotornis chloropterus
 * Greater blue-eared starling, Lamprotornis chalybaeus
 * Cape starling, Lamprotornis nitens

Thrushes and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.


 * Spotted ground-thrush, Geokichla guttata
 * Orange ground-thrush, Geokichla gurneyi
 * Groundscraper thrush, Turdus litsitsirupa
 * Kurrichane thrush, Turdus libonyana
 * Olive thrush, Turdus olivaceus

Old World flycatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Muscicapidae

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.


 * African dusky flycatcher, Muscicapa adusta
 * Spotted flycatcher, Muscicapa striata
 * Böhm's flycatcher, Bradornis boehmi
 * Pale flycatcher, Agricola pallidus
 * Gray tit-flycatcher, Fraseria plumbea
 * Ashy flycatcher, Fraseria caerulescens
 * Fiscal flycatcher, Melaenornis silens
 * Southern black-flycatcher, Melaenornis pammelaina
 * Brown scrub-robin, Cercotrichas signata
 * Bearded scrub-robin, Cercotrichas quadrivirgata
 * Miombo scrub-robin, Cercotrichas barbata
 * Red-backed scrub-robin, Cercotrichas leucophrys
 * Olive-flanked robin-chat, Cossypha anomala
 * Cape robin-chat, Cossypha caffra
 * White-throated robin-chat, Cossypha humeralis
 * White-browed robin-chat, Cossypha heuglini
 * Red-capped robin-chat, Cossypha natalensis
 * Collared palm-thrush, Cichladusa arquata
 * White-starred robin, Pogonocichla stellata
 * Swynnerton's robin, Swynnertonia swynnertoni
 * Cholo alethe, Chamaetylas choloensis
 * White-chested alethe, Chamaetylas fuelleborni
 * East coast akalat, Sheppardia gunningi
 * Thrush nightingale, Luscinia luscinia
 * Collared flycatcher, Ficedula albicollis (A)
 * Miombo rock-thrush, Monticola angolensis
 * Cape rock-thrush, Monticola rupestris
 * Whinchat, Saxicola rubetra
 * African stonechat, Saxicola torquatus
 * Mocking cliff-chat, Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris
 * Arnot's chat, Myrmecocichla arnotti
 * Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe
 * Capped wheatear, Oenanthe pileata
 * Familiar chat, Oenanthe familiaris
 * Boulder chat, Pinarornis plumosus

Sugarbirds
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Promeropidae

The sugarbirds resemble large sunbirds in general appearance and habits, but are possibly more closely related to the Australian honeyeaters. They have brownish plumage, the long downcurved bill of passerine nectar feeders and long tail feathers.


 * Gurney's sugarbird, Promerops gurneyi

Dapple-throat and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Modulatricidae

This species and two others, all of different genera, were formerly placed in family Promeropidae, the sugarbirds, but were accorded their own family in 2017.


 * Dapple-throat, Arcanator orostruthus

Sunbirds and spiderhunters
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Nectariniidae

The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed.


 * Plain-backed sunbird, Anthreptes reichenowi
 * Anchieta's sunbird, Anthreptes anchietae
 * Western violet-backed sunbird, Anthreptes longuemarei
 * Uluguru violet-backed sunbird, Anthreptes neglectus
 * Collared sunbird, Hedydipna collaris
 * Olive sunbird, Cyanomitra olivacea
 * Mouse-coloured sunbird, Cyanomitra veroxii
 * Amethyst sunbird, Chalcomitra amethystina
 * Scarlet-chested sunbird, Chalcomitra senegalensis
 * Bronze sunbird, Nectarinia kilimensis
 * Malachite sunbird, Nectarinia famosa
 * Western Miombo sunbird, Cinnyris gertrudis
 * Eastern Miombo sunbird, Cinnyris manoensis
 * Neergaard's sunbird, Cinnyris neergaardi
 * Greater double-collared sunbird, Cinnyris afer
 * Forest double-collared sunbird, Cinnyris fuelleborni
 * Mariqua sunbird, Cinnyris mariquensis
 * Shelley's sunbird, Cinnyris shelleyi
 * Purple-banded sunbird, Cinnyris bifasciatus
 * White-breasted sunbird, Cinnyris talatala
 * Variable sunbird, Cinnyris venustus
 * Copper sunbird, Cinnyris cupreus

Weavers and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Ploceidae

The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season.


 * Red-billed buffalo-weaver, Bubalornis niger
 * White-browed sparrow-weaver, Plocepasser mahali
 * Red-headed weaver, Anaplectes rubriceps
 * Bertram's weaver, Ploceus bertrandi
 * Spectacled weaver, Ploceus ocularis
 * African golden-weaver, Ploceus subaureus
 * Holub's golden-weaver, Ploceus xanthops
 * Southern brown-throated weaver, Ploceus xanthopterus
 * Lesser masked-weaver, Ploceus intermedius
 * Southern masked-weaver, Ploceus velatus
 * Village weaver, Ploceus cucullatus
 * Forest weaver, Ploceus bicolor
 * Olive-headed weaver, Ploceus olivaceiceps
 * Red-headed quelea, Quelea erythrops
 * Red-billed quelea, Quelea quelea
 * Yellow-crowned bishop, Euplectes afer
 * Black-winged bishop, Euplectes hordeaceus
 * Southern red bishop, Euplectes orix
 * Zanzibar bishop, Euplectes nigroventris
 * Black-winged bishop, Euplectes hordeaceus
 * Yellow-crowned bishop, Euplectes afer
 * Yellow bishop, Euplectes capensis
 * White-winged widowbird, Euplectes albonotatus
 * Yellow-mantled widowbird, Euplectes macroura
 * Red-collared widowbird, Euplectes ardens
 * Fan-tailed widowbird, Euplectes axillaris
 * Long-tailed widowbird, Euplectes progne
 * Grosbeak weaver, Amblyospiza albifrons

Waxbills and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.


 * Bronze mannikin, Spermestes cucullatus
 * Magpie mannikin, Spermestes fringilloides
 * Black-and-white mannikin, Spermestes bicolor
 * Yellow-bellied waxbill, Coccopygia quartinia
 * Swee waxbill, Coccopygia melanotis
 * Green-backed twinspot, Mandingoa nitidula
 * Red-faced crimsonwing, Cryptospiza reichenovii
 * Black-tailed waxbill, Glaucestrilda perreini
 * Common waxbill, Estrilda astrild
 * Crimson-rumped waxbill, Estrilda rhodopyga (A)
 * Quailfinch, Ortygospiza atricollis
 * Locust finch, Paludipasser locustella
 * Cut-throat, Amadina fasciata
 * Zebra waxbill, Amandava subflava
 * Violet-eared waxbill, Granatina granatina
 * Southern cordonbleu, Uraeginthus angolensis
 * Red-cheeked cordonbleu, Uraeginthus bengalus
 * Lesser seedcracker, Pyrenestes minor
 * Green-winged pytilia, Pytilia melba
 * Orange-winged pytilia, Pytilia afra
 * Peters's twinspot, Hypargos niveoguttatus
 * Pink-throated twinspot, Hypargos margaritatus
 * Red-billed firefinch, Lagonosticta senegala
 * African firefinch, Lagonosticta rubricata
 * Jameson's firefinch, Lagonosticta rhodopareia

Indigobirds
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Viduidae

The indigobirds are finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. All are brood parasites, which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches.


 * Pin-tailed whydah, Vidua macroura
 * Broad-tailed paradise-whydah, Vidua obtusa
 * Eastern paradise-whydah, Vidua paradisaea
 * Shaft-tailed whydah, Vidua regia
 * Village indigobird, Vidua chalybeata
 * Variable indigobird, Vidua funerea
 * Purple indigobird, Vidua purpurascens
 * Green indigobird, Vidua codringtoni
 * Parasitic weaver, Anomalospiza imberbis

Old World sparrows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.


 * House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I)
 * Spanish sparrow, Passer hispaniolensis
 * Cape sparrow, Passer melanurus (A)
 * Northern gray-headed sparrow, Passer griseus (A)
 * Swahili sparrow, Passer suahelicus
 * Southern gray-headed sparrow, Passer diffusus
 * Yellow-throated bush sparrow, Gymnoris superciliaris

Wagtails and pipits
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.


 * Cape wagtail, Motacilla capensis
 * Mountain wagtail, Motacilla clara
 * Gray wagtail, Motacilla cinerea (A)
 * Western yellow wagtail, Motacilla flava
 * African pied wagtail, Motacilla aguimp
 * African pipit, Anthus cinnamomeus
 * Woodland pipit, Anthus nyassae
 * Long-billed pipit, Anthus similis
 * Plain-backed pipit, Anthus leucophrys
 * Buffy pipit, Anthus vaalensis
 * Striped pipit, Anthus lineiventris
 * Tree pipit, Anthus trivialis
 * Short-tailed pipit, Anthus brachyurus
 * Bush pipit, Anthus caffer
 * Orange-throated longclaw, Macronyx capensis
 * Yellow-throated longclaw, Macronyx croceus
 * Rosy-throated longclaw, Macronyx ameliae

Finches, euphonias, and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.


 * Yellow-fronted canary, Crithagra mozambicus
 * Southern citril, Crithagra hyposticutus
 * Lemon-breasted seedeater, Crithagra citrinipectus
 * Brimstone canary, Crithagra sulphuratus
 * Black-eared seedeater, Crithagra mennelli
 * Streaky-headed seedeater, Crithagra gularis
 * Reichard's seedeater, Crithagra reichardi
 * Yellow-crowned canary, Serinus flavivertex
 * Cape canary, Serinus canicollis

Old World buntings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Emberizidae

The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.


 * Cabanis's bunting, Emberiza cabanisi
 * Golden-breasted bunting, Emberiza flaviventris
 * Cape bunting, Emberiza capensis
 * Vincent's bunting, Emberiza vincenti
 * Lark-like bunting, Emberiza impetuani (A)
 * Cinnamon-breasted bunting, Emberiza tahapisi