List of gemstones by species

This is a list of gemstones, organized by species and types.

Minerals
There are over 300 types of minerals that have been used as gemstones. Such as:

A–B

 * Actinolite
 * Nephrite (var.)
 * Adamite
 * Aegirine
 * Afghanite
 * Agrellite
 * Algodonite
 * Alunite
 * Amblygonite
 * Analcime
 * Anatase
 * Andalusite
 * Chiastolite
 * Andesine
 * Anglesite
 * Anhydrite
 * Annabergite
 * Anorthite
 * Antigorite
 * Bowenite
 * Apatite
 * Apophyllite
 * Aragonite
 * Arfvedsonite
 * Asbestos
 * Astrophyllite
 * Atacamite
 * Augelite
 * Austinite
 * Axinite group:
 * Ferroaxinite
 * Magnesioaxinite
 * Manganaxinite
 * Tinzenite
 * Azurmalachite
 * Azurite
 * Baryte
 * Bastnaesite
 * Bayldonite
 * Benitoite
 * Beryl subgroup:
 * Aquamarine
 * Maxixe
 * Emerald
 * Goshenite
 * Golden beryl
 * Heliodor
 * Morganite
 * Red beryl (Bixbite)
 * Beryllonite
 * Beudantite
 * Bismutotantalite
 * Biotite
 * Boleite
 * Boracite
 * Bornite
 * Brazilianite
 * Breithauptite
 * Brookite
 * Brucite
 * Bustamite
 * Bytownite

C–F

 * Calcite
 * Manganoan calcite (var.)
 * Caledonite
 * Canasite
 * Cancrinite
 * Vishnevite
 * Carletonite
 * Carnallite
 * Cassiterite
 * Catapleiite
 * Cavansite
 * Celestite
 * Ceruleite
 * Cerussite
 * Chabazite
 * Chalcopyrite
 * Chambersite
 * Charlesite
 * Charoite
 * Childrenite
 * Chiolite
 * Chondrodite
 * Chrysoberyl
 * Alexandrite (var.)
 * Cymophane
 * Chromite
 * Chrysocolla
 * Chrysotile
 * Cinnabar
 * Clinochlore
 * Clinohumite
 * Clinozoisite
 * Clintonite
 * Cobaltite
 * Colemanite
 * Cordierite
 * Iolite (var.)
 * Cornwallite
 * Corundum
 * Ruby (var.)
 * Sapphire (var.)
 * Padparadscha
 * Golden sheen sapphire
 * Covellite
 * Creedite
 * Crocoite
 * Cryolite
 * Cuprite
 * Danburite
 * Datolite
 * Descloizite
 * Diamond
 * Bort
 * Ballas
 * Diaspore
 * Dickinsonite
 * Diopside
 * Dioptase
 * Dolomite
 * Dumortierite
 * Ekanite
 * Elbaite
 * Emerald
 * Trapiche emerald (var.)
 * Enstatite
 * Bronzite
 * Hypersthene
 * Eosphorite
 * Epidote
 * Piemontite
 * Erythrite
 * Esperite
 * Ettringite
 * Euclase
 * Eudialyte
 * Euxenite
 * Fayalite
 * Feldspar subgroup:
 * Andesine
 * Albite
 * Anorthite
 * Anorthoclase
 * Amazonite
 * Bytownite
 * Celsian
 * Microcline
 * Moonstone
 * Adularia (var.)
 * Rainbow (var.)
 * Orthoclase
 * Unakite
 * Plagioclase
 * Albite
 * Labradorite
 * Oligoclase
 * Sanidine
 * Sunstone
 * Oregon sunstone
 * Rainbow lattice sunstone
 * Fergusonite
 * Ferroaxinite
 * Fluorapatite
 * Fluorapophyllite
 * Fluorite
 * Forsterite
 * Friedelite

G–L

 * Gadolinite
 * Gahnite
 * Gahnospinel
 * Garnet group:
 * Pyralspite
 * Almandine
 * Pyrope
 * Spessartine
 * Ugrandite
 * Andradite
 * Demantoid
 * Melanite
 * Topazolite
 * Grossular
 * Hessonite
 * Hydrogrossular
 * Tsavorite
 * Uvarovite
 * Almandine-pyrope
 * Rhodolite
 * Andradite-grossular
 * Grandite (Mali garnet)
 * Pyrope-almandine-spessartine
 * Malaia garnet
 * Pyrope-spessartine
 * Umbalite
 * Gaspeite
 * Gaylussite
 * Gibbsite
 * Glaucophane
 * Goethite
 * Goosecreekite
 * Grandidierite
 * Gypsum
 * Gyrolite
 * Halite
 * Hambergite
 * Hanksite
 * Hardystonite
 * Hauyne
 * Helenite
 * Hematite
 * Hemimorphite
 * Herderite
 * Hexagonite
 * Hibonite
 * Hiddenite
 * Hodgkinsonite
 * Holtite
 * Howlite
 * Huebnerite
 * Humite
 * Hureaulite
 * Hurlbutite
 * Hyperitdiabas
 * Ilmenite
 * Inderite
 * Jade
 * Jadeite
 * Chloromelanite
 * Nephrite
 * Jasper
 * Jeremejevite
 * Kainite
 * Kämmererite
 * Kaolinite
 * Kornerupine
 * Kutnohorite
 * Kurnakovite
 * Kyanite
 * Langbeinite
 * Lawsonite
 * Lazulite
 * Lazurite
 * Legrandite
 * Lepidolite
 * Leucite
 * Leucophanite
 * Linarite
 * Lizardite
 * Londonite
 * Ludlamite
 * Ludwigite

M–Q

 * Magnesite
 * Malachite
 * Marialite-meionite
 * Wernerite (var.)
 * Marcasite
 * Meliphanite
 * Mellite
 * Mesolite
 * Microcline
 * Microlite
 * Milarite
 * Millerite
 * Mimetite
 * Monazite
 * Mordenite
 * Mottramite
 * Muscovite
 * Fuchsite (var.)
 * Musgravite
 * Nambulite
 * Narsarsukite
 * Natrolite
 * Nepheline
 * Neptunite
 * Nickeline (Niccolite)
 * Nosean
 * Nuummite
 * Olivine
 * Opal
 * Fire opal
 * Moss opal
 * Painite
 * Palygorskite
 * Papagoite
 * Pargasite
 * Parisite
 * Pectolite
 * Larimar
 * Pentlandite
 * Peridot
 * Periclase
 * Perthite
 * Petalite (castorite)
 * Pezzottaite
 * Phenakite
 * Phlogopite
 * Phosgenite
 * Phosphophyllite
 * Phosphosiderite
 * Piemontite
 * Pietersite
 * Plumbogummite
 * Pollucite
 * Polyhalite
 * Poudretteite
 * Powellite
 * Prehnite
 * Prismatine
 * Prosopite
 * Proustite
 * Psilomelane
 * Pumpellyite
 * Chlorastrolite (var.)
 * Purpurite
 * Pyrite
 * Pyrargyrite
 * Pyromorphite
 * Pyrophyllite
 * Pyroxmangite
 * Pyrrhotite
 * Quartz
 * Amethyst (var.)
 * Ametrine (var.)
 * Aventurine (var.)
 * Chalcedony (var.)
 * Agate
 * Iris agate
 * Onyx
 * Sardonyx
 * Bloodstone (Heliotrope)
 * Carnelian
 * Chrome chalcedony
 * Chrysoprase
 * Dendritic agate
 * Moss agate
 * Fire agate (iridescent var.)
 * Jasper
 * Petrified wood
 * Sard
 * Citrine (var.)
 * Druzy (var.)
 * Flint (var.)
 * Herkimer diamond (var.)
 * Milky quartz (var.)
 * Prasiolite (var.)
 * Radiolarite (var.)
 * Rose quartz (var.)
 * Rock crystal (var.)
 * Shocked quartz (var.)
 * Smoky quartz (var.)
 * Quartzite

R–Z

 * Realgar
 * Rhodizite
 * Rhodochrosite
 * Rhodonite
 * Richterite
 * Riebeckite
 * Crocidolite (var.)
 * Rosasite
 * Rutile
 * Samarskite
 * Sanidine
 * Sapphirine
 * Sarcolite
 * Scapolite
 * Marialite
 * Meionite
 * Scheelite
 * Schizolite
 * Scorodite
 * Selenite
 * Sellaite
 * Senarmontite
 * Sepiolite (Meerschaum)
 * Sérandite
 * Seraphinite
 * Serendibite
 * Serpentine subgroup
 * Antigorite
 * Bowenite
 * Chrysotile
 * Lizardite
 * Stichtite
 * Shattuckite
 * Shigaite
 * Shortite
 * Shungite
 * Siderite
 * Sillimanite
 * Simpsonite
 * Sinhalite
 * Smaltite
 * Smithsonite
 * Sodalite
 * Hackmanite (var.)
 * Sogdianite
 * Sperrylite
 * Spessartite
 * Sphalerite
 * Spinel
 * Ceylonite (var.)
 * Spodumene
 * Hiddenite (var.)
 * Kunzite (var.)
 * Triphane (var.)
 * Spurrite
 * Staurolite
 * Stibiotantalite
 * Stichtite
 * Stolzite
 * Strontianite
 * Strontium titanate
 * Sulfur
 * Sugilite
 * Bustamite (var.)
 * Richterite (var.)
 * Sylvite
 * Taaffeite
 * Talc
 * Tantalite
 * Tektites
 * Moldavite
 * Tephroite
 * Thomsonite
 * Thaumasite
 * Tinaksite
 * Titanite (sphene)
 * Topaz
 * Tourmaline subgroup:
 * Achroite (var.)
 * Chrome (var.)
 * Dravite
 * Elbaite
 * Fluor-liddicoatite
 * Indicolite
 * Olenite
 * Paraiba (var.)
 * Rossmanite
 * Rubellite (var.)
 * Tremolite
 * Hexagonite (var.)
 * Triphylite
 * Triplite
 * Tugtupite
 * Turquoise
 * Ulexite
 * Ussingite
 * Vanadinite
 * Variscite
 * Väyrynenite
 * Vesuvianite (idocrase)
 * Californite (var.)
 * Villiaumite
 * Vivianite
 * Vlasovite
 * Wardite
 * Wavellite
 * Weloganite
 * Whewellite
 * Wilkeite
 * Willemite
 * Witherite
 * Wollastonite
 * Wulfenite
 * Wurtzite
 * Xonotlite
 * Yugawaralite
 * Zektzerite
 * Zeolites
 * Analcime
 * Apophyllite
 * Chabazite
 * Goosecreekite
 * Natrolite
 * Scolecite
 * Stellerite
 * Stilbite
 * Thomsonite
 * Zincite
 * Zinnwaldite
 * Zircon
 * Jacinth (var.)
 * Zoisite
 * Tanzanite (var.)
 * Thulite (var.)
 * Zultanite
 * Zunyite

Artificial and lab created
There are a number of artificial and lab grown minerals used to produce gemstones. These include:


 * Lab alexandrite
 * Lab corundum
 * Cubic zirconia
 * Lab diamond
 * Lab emerald
 * Fordite
 * Gadolinium gallium garnet
 * Lab moissanite
 * Synthetic opal
 * Metal-coated crystals hyped as rainbow quartz
 * Lab spinel
 * Synthetic turquoise
 * Terbium gallium garnet
 * Trinitite
 * Yttrium aluminium garnet
 * Yttrium iron garnet

Organic
There are a number of organic materials used as gems, including:
 * Amber
 * Ammolite
 * Ammonoidea
 * Bone
 * Copal
 * Coral
 * Ivory
 * Jet
 * Nacre (Mother of pearl)
 * Operculum
 * Pearl
 * Seashell

Rocks
Some rocks are used as gems, including:


 * Anthracite
 * Anyolite
 * Bauxite
 * Concretions
 * Bloodstone (Heliotrope)
 * Eilat stone
 * Epidosite
 * Glimmerite
 * Goldstone (glittering glass)
 * Hawk's eye
 * Helenite (artificial glass made from volcanic ash)
 * Iddingsite
 * Kimberlite
 * Lamproite
 * Lapis lazuli
 * Libyan desert glass
 * Llanite
 * Maw sit sit
 * Moldavite
 * Obsidian
 * Apache tears
 * Pallasite
 * Peridotite (also known as olivinite)
 * Siilinjärvi carbonatite
 * Soapstone (also known as steatite)
 * Tactite
 * Tiger's eye
 * Unakite

Chatoyant gems
Some minerals made into gemstones may display a chatoyancy or cat's eye effect, these include:


 * Actinolite
 * Andalusite
 * Apatite
 * Beryl
 * Aquamarine
 * Emerald
 * Heliodor
 * Morganite
 * Beryllium
 * Beryllonite
 * Calcite
 * Cerussite
 * Chrysoberyl
 * Danburite
 * Diaspore
 * Diopside
 * Enstatite
 * Garnet
 * Grandidierite
 * Hawk's eye
 * Hypersthene
 * Iolite
 * Kornerupine
 * Kunzite
 * Kyanite
 * Moonstone
 * Opal
 * Peridot
 * Peristerite (Albite variety)
 * Pezzottaite
 * Phenakite
 * Prasiolite
 * Prehnite
 * Quartz
 * Rhodonite
 * Rutile
 * Scapolite
 * Selenite
 * Serpentine
 * Antigorite
 * Bowenite
 * Sillimanite
 * Smoky Quartz
 * Spinel
 * Sunstone
 * Tanzanite
 * Tiger's Eye
 * Topaz
 * Tourmaline
 * Ulexite
 * Zircon

Asterism

 * Corundum
 * Ruby
 * Sapphire