List of island countries

[[Image:Island nations.svg|thumb|350px|Map depicts [[sovereign state]]s and a de facto state (Taiwan) (tw) fully located on islands: those with land borders shaded green, and those without shaded dark blue (Bahrain (bh) should be shaded green as it shares a small land border with Saudi Arabia on Passport Island).

Countries/territories not shown on the map: Antarctica (aq) (continental disputed territory), Australia (au) (continental country), the Cook Islands (ck) (free association with New Zealand), Greenland (gl) (constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark), Niue (nu) (free association with New Zealand), Northern Cyprus (ct.tr and nc.tr) (unrecognized country), and Puerto Rico (pr) (unincorporated U.S. territory).]]

This is a list of island countries. An island is a landmass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water. Many island countries are spread over an archipelago, as is the case with Indonesia, Japan, and the Philippines—these countries consist of thousands of islands. Others consist of a single island, such as Barbados, Dominica, and Nauru; a main island and some smaller islands, such as Cuba, Iceland, and Sri Lanka; a part of an island, such as Brunei, the Dominican Republic, East Timor, and the Republic of Ireland; or one main island but also sharing borders in other islands, such as the United Kingdom (Great Britain and a part of Ireland).

The list also includes two states in free association with New Zealand, the Cook Islands and Niue, as well as two states with limited diplomatic recognition which have de facto control over territories entirely on the islands, Northern Cyprus and Taiwan. In total, 50 island countries have been included in the lists.

Australia is not included as it is considered a continental country, although it was historically referred to as an island country because of its lack of land borders.

Greenland is generally considered as the largest island on Earth and listed among the island territories.

Indonesia is the world's largest island country by area (1,904,569 km2), and by total number of islands (17,504 islands). It is also the world's most populous island country, with a population of over 270 million (the fourth most populous country in the world, after India, China, and the United States).

Puerto Rico in the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean Sea is officially an unincorporated territory of the United States.

South America is the only inhabited continent without an island country.

Africa
• State of Anjouan (1997–2008)

•  Sultanate of Bambao (Ngazidja, 1886–1908)

•  Merina Kingdom

•  Mohéli (1997–1998)

•  Mwali Sultanate

•  Sultanate of Ndzuwani

•  Sultanate of Zanzibar

Asia
• East Asia

• * Republic of Ezo

• * Republic of Formosa

• * Empire of Japan, (1868–1910)

• * Ryūkyū Kingdom

• * Tamna

• * Kingdom of Tungning

• * Usan

• * Yamatai

• Southeast Asia

• * Aceh Sultanate

• * Aru Kingdom

• * Bali Kingdom

• * Sultanate of Banjar

• * Banten Sultanate

• * Blambangan Kingdom

• * Sultanate of Brunei

• * Buton Sultanate

• * Rajahnate of Butuan

• * Sultanate of Cirebon

• * Sultanate of Deli

• * Demak Sultanate

• * Galuh Kingdom

• * Sultanate of Gowa

• * Janggala

• * Kediri Kingdom

• * Lanfang Republic

• * Sultanate of Maguindanao

• * Ma-i

• * Majapahit

• * Mataram Kingdom

• * Mataram Sultanate

• * Maynila

• * Melayu Kingdom

• * Pagaruyung Kingdom

• * First Philippine Republic

• * Pontianak Sultanate

• * Riau-Lingga Sultanate

• * Sultanate of Sambas

• * Raj of Sarawak

• * Sultanate of Siak

• * Kingdom of Singapura

• * Singhasari

• * Srivijaya

• * Sugbu

• * Sultanate of Sulu

• * Sunda Kingdom

• * Tarumanagara

• * Sultanate of Ternate

• * Sultanate of Tidore

• South Asia

• * Kingdom of Anuradhapura

• * 🇱🇰 Dominion of Ceylon

• * Kingdom of Dambadeniya

• * Kingdom of Gampola

• * Jaffna Kingdom

• * Kingdom of Kandy

• * Kingdom of Kotte

• * Kingdom of Polonnaruwa

• * Kingdom of Sitawaka

• * United Suvadive Republic

• Western Asia

• * Kingdom of Ormus

Europe
• Mediterranean Sea

• * Archaic Greek city-states

• ** Andros

• ** Delos

• ** Khios

• ** Lesbos

• ** Milos

• ** Minoans

• ** Pholegandros

• ** Rhodes

• ** Samos

• ** Syracuse, Sicily

• ** Zakynthos

• * Lordship of Chios

• * Kingdom of Corsica (1736)

• * Corsican Republic

• * Anglo-Corsican Kingdom

• * Emirate of Crete

• * Cretan State

• * Kingdom of Cyprus

• * Duchy of the Archipelago

• * Principality of Elba

• * Gozo (independent state)

• * Hospitaller Malta

• * Hospitaller Rhodes

• * Kingdom of Majorca

• * Triarchy of Negroponte

• * Sardinian Judicati

• ** Judicate of Arborea

• ** Judicate of Cagliari

• ** Judicate of Gallura

• ** Judicate of Logudoro

• * Republic of Sassari

• * Emirate of Sicily

• * Kingdom of Sicily, (1282–1816)

• North Europe & West Europe

• * Dál Riata

• * Commonwealth of England /  Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland

• * 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Kingdom of England

• * Kingdom of Great Britain

• * Heptarchy (seven kingdoms before the unification of England )

• * Kingdom of Mann and the Isles

• * Commonwealth of Iceland

• * Kingdom of Iceland

• * Gaelic Ireland

• * Norman Ireland

• * Kingdom of Ireland

• * 🇮🇪 Irish Free State

• * Soviet Republic of Naissaar

• * 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 Kingdom of Scotland (Kingdom of Alba before the First War of Scottish Independence)

• * Kingdom of Strathclyde

• * Principality of Wales

• ** Brycheiniog

• ** Kingdom of Deheubarth

• ** Kingdom of Gwent

• ** Kingdom of Gwynedd

• ** Kingdom of Morgannwg

• ** Kingdom of Powys

North America
• Republic of Anguilla

•  First Republic of Cuba

•  First Empire of Haiti

•  Second Empire of Haiti

•  Kingdom of Haiti

•  Republic of Spanish Haiti

•  Republic of the Floridas

•  West Indies Federation, (1958–1962)

Oceania
• Kingdom of Bora Bora

•  Franceville, New Hebrides

•  Kingdom of Fiji

•  Kingdom of Hawaii

•  Republic of Hawaii

•  Republic of the North Solomons

•  Kingdom of Tahiti

• Tuʻi Tonga Empire

Former colonies, possessions, protectorates, and other territories

 * Annobón (1474–1778), now part of Equatorial Guinea
 * Bay Islands, now a department of Honduras
 * Cape Breton Island, now part of Nova Scotia, Canada
 * 🇩🇰 Danish West Indies, now the United States Virgin Islands
 * Elobey, Annobón and Corisco (1843–1926) unified with the rest of Spanish Guinea
 * Fernando Po (1778-1926)
 * The Territory of Hawaii, now Hawaii, a state of the United States
 * Heligoland (1807–1890)
 * Hong Kong Island (1841–1860), now a part of Hong Kong, a special administrative region of China
 * United States of the Ionian Islands, protectorate of the United Kingdom.
 * Septinsular Republic, protectorate in the Ionian Islands under nominal Russo-Ottoman joint sovereignty.
 * Labuan, briefly part of British North Borneo, the Straits Settlements and Sabah, now a federal territory of Malaysia
 * 🇾🇹 Mayotte, now an overseas department and region of France
 * Minorca (1713–1802)
 * Colony of Newfoundland (1583–1907)
 * New Hebrides, now Vanuatu
 * British North Borneo
 * Padang
 * Prince of Wales Island between 1786 and 1800, at that point joined by Province Wellesley (now Seberang Perai). Now as the state of Penang in the Malaysian federation.
 * Prince Edward Island, now a province of Canada
 * The Providence Island colony
 * Queen Charlotte Islands
 * 🇷🇪 Réunion, now an overseas department and region of France
 * Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, former British overseas territory dissolved in 1983.
 * Socotra Archipelago, now a governorate of Yemen
 * Tasmania, now a state of Australia, shares a land boundary with Victoria on Boundary Islet
 * Vancouver Island, now a part of British Columbia, Canada
 * People's Republic of Zanzibar, now a member of the United Republic of Tanzania.

Island countries with man-made fixed links to continents

 * 🇧🇭 Bahrain to 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia via the King Fahd Causeway
 * 🇸🇬 Singapore to 🇲🇾 Malaysia via the Johor–Singapore Causeway since 1924, with the Tuas Second Link added in 1998
 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom to 🇫🇷 France via the Channel Tunnel