List of large aircraft

Giant planes comparison.svg}} {{legend|#80DF8B|Antonov An-225 Mriya}} {{legend|#A4B8E8|Boeing 747-8}} {{legend|#D6C35B|Hughes H-4 Hercules}} {{legend|#FFC8FF|Stratolaunch}}
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This is a list of large aircraft, including three types: fixed wing, rotary wing, and airships.

The US Federal Aviation Administration defines a large aircraft as any aircraft with a certificated maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of more than 12,500 lb

The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) defines a large aircraft as either "an aeroplane with a maximum take-off mass of more than 12566.35 lb or a multi-engined helicopter."

Fixed-wing


! Type !! First flight ! Role !! Built !! Length !! Span !! MTOW !! Capacity ! class="unsortable" | Notes
 * Ilya Muromets || 1913
 * airliner/bomber || 85+ || 19.13 yd || 32.58 yd || 4.527 tons || Pax: 16
 * First multi-engine aircraft in serial production, Russky Vityaz development
 * Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI || 1916
 * Bomber || 56 || 24.168 yd || 46.15 yd || 11.613 tons ||
 * Largest WWI aircraft in regular service
 * - style="font-style: italic; background-color: lightgrey"
 * Tarrant Tabor || 1919
 * Bomber || 1 || 24.38 yd || 43.74 yd || 19.97 tons || 9,000 lb
 * Crashed on first flight
 * Dornier Do X || 12 Jul 1929
 * Flying boat || 3 || 43.74 yd || 52.27 yd || 51.1787 tons || Pax: 100
 * Then longest, widest and heaviest
 * - style="font-style: italic; background-color: lightgrey"
 * Kalinin K-7 || 11 Aug 1933
 * Transport || 1 || 30.62 yd || 57.96 yd || 45.77 tons || Pax: 120
 * Widest aircraft until the Tupolev ANT-20
 * - style="background-color: lightgrey"
 * Tupolev ANT-20 || 19 May 1934
 * Transport || 2 || 35.979 yd || 68.8976 yd || 52.16 tons || Pax: 72
 * Widest and heaviest until the Douglas XB-19
 * - style="background-color: lightgrey"
 * Douglas XB-19 || 27 Jun 1941
 * Bomber || 1 || 44.07 yd || 70.65 yd || 72.34 tons ||
 * Longest until the Laté. 631, widest until the B-36, heaviest until the Martin Mars
 * Messerschmitt Me 323 || 20 Jan 1942
 * Transport || 198 || 70.65 yd || 60.37 yd || 42.32 tons || 11.81 tons
 * Highest cargo capacity land-based World War II transport
 * Martin JRM Mars || 23 Jun 1942
 * Flying boat || 7 || 39.04 yd || 66.71 yd || 73.62 tons || 14.76 tons
 * Heaviest until the Junkers 390, Largest serial production flying boat
 * Latécoère 631 || 4 Nov 1942
 * Flying boat || 11 || 47.57 yd || 62.77 yd || 70.27 tons || Pax: 46
 * Longest until the Convair B-36
 * - style="background-color: lightgrey"
 * Junkers Ju 390 || 20 Oct 1943
 * Bomber || 2 || 37.40 yd || 55.01 yd || 74.31 tons || 9.84 tons
 * Heaviest until the BV 238, Junkers entry for the Amerika Bomber project
 * - style="font-style: italic; background-color: lightgrey"
 * Blohm & Voss BV 238 || Apr 1944
 * Flying boat || 1 || 47.35 yd || 65.84 yd || 98.42 tons ||
 * Heaviest built during WWII, destroyed in 1945
 * Convair B-36|| 8 Aug 1946
 * Bomber || 384 || 54.02 yd || 76.66 yd  || 183.06 tons ||
 * Heaviest until the B-52, longest and widest until the Hughes H-4
 * - style="background-color: lightgrey"
 * Hughes H-4 Hercules (Spruce Goose) || 2 Nov 1947
 * Flying boat || 1 || 72.94 yd || 106.95 yd || 177.15 tons ||
 * Longest until the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy and widest until the Stratolaunch
 * - style="background-color: lightgrey"
 * Convair XC-99 || 23 Nov 1947
 * Transport || 1 || 60.80 yd || 76.66 yd || 142.71 tons || 44.28 tons
 * B-36 development, most capable transport aircraft until the An-22
 * Boeing B-52|| 15 Apr 1952
 * Bomber || 744 || 53.04 yd || 61.68 yd || 216.525 tons ||
 * Heaviest until the XB-70, still in service
 * - style="background-color: lightgrey"
 * XB-70|| 21 Sep 1964
 * Bomber || 2 || 61.68 yd || 34.99 yd || 242.115 tons ||
 * Heaviest until the An-22, Mach 3 prototype bomber
 * Antonov An-22 || 27 Feb 1965
 * Transport || 68 || 63.32 yd || 70.43 yd || 246.05 tons || 80 t
 * Heaviest until the C-5, Heaviest turboprop aircraft
 * - style="font-style: italic; background-color: lightgrey"
 * Caspian Sea Monster || 16 Oct 1966
 * Ekranoplan || 1 || 100.61 yd || 41.12 yd37.6 m || 535.41 tons||
 * Heaviest and longest flying vehicle until the An-225, 1980 crash
 * Lockheed C-5 Galaxy || 30 Jun 1968
 * Transport || 131 || 82.34 yd || 74.26 yd || 410.41 tons || 125.49 tons
 * Largest payload capacity until the An-124
 * Boeing 747 || 9 Feb 1969
 * Airliner || 1557 || 77.32 yd || 65.18 yd || 406.86 tons || Pax: 550/660
 * Highest passenger capacity airliner until the Airbus A380
 * Antonov An-124 || 26 Dec 1982
 * Transport || 55 || 75.57 yd || 80.16 yd || 395.65 tons || 147.63 tons
 * Most capable transport until the An-225
 * - style="font-style: italic; background-color: lightgrey"
 * Antonov An-225 Mriya || 21 Dec 1988
 * Transport || 1 || 91.86 yd || 96.68 yd || 629.89 tons || 246.05 tons
 * Heaviest aircraft and most capable transport, destroyed in 2022
 * Airbus Beluga || 13 Sep 1994
 * Outsize cargo || 5 || 61.46 yd || 48.99 yd || 152.55 t || 1961.93 yd3 
 * Airbus A300 derivative, largest volume until the Dreamlifter
 * Airbus A380|| 27 Apr 2005
 * Airliner || 254 || 79.51 yd || 87.27 yd || 565.92 tons || Pax: 850
 * Highest passenger capacity airliner
 * Boeing Dreamlifter || 9 Sep 2006
 * Outsize cargo || 4 || 78.41 yd || 70.43 yd || 358.25 tons || 2406.63 yd3
 * Boeing 747-400 derivative, largest volume until the BelugaXL
 * Airbus BelugaXL|| 19 Jul 2018
 * Outsize cargo || 6 || 69.01 yd || 65.945 yd || 223.41 tons|| 2889.26 yd3
 * Airbus A330 derivative, largest volume
 * - style="background-color: lightgrey"
 * Stratolaunch || 13 Apr 2019
 * Air launch || 1 || 79.83 yd || 127.95 yd  || 580.68 t || 246.052 t
 * Current heaviest and widest, prototype air-launch-to-orbit carrier
 * }
 * Airbus A380|| 27 Apr 2005
 * Airliner || 254 || 79.51 yd || 87.27 yd || 565.92 tons || Pax: 850
 * Highest passenger capacity airliner
 * Boeing Dreamlifter || 9 Sep 2006
 * Outsize cargo || 4 || 78.41 yd || 70.43 yd || 358.25 tons || 2406.63 yd3
 * Boeing 747-400 derivative, largest volume until the BelugaXL
 * Airbus BelugaXL|| 19 Jul 2018
 * Outsize cargo || 6 || 69.01 yd || 65.945 yd || 223.41 tons|| 2889.26 yd3
 * Airbus A330 derivative, largest volume
 * - style="background-color: lightgrey"
 * Stratolaunch || 13 Apr 2019
 * Air launch || 1 || 79.83 yd || 127.95 yd  || 580.68 t || 246.052 t
 * Current heaviest and widest, prototype air-launch-to-orbit carrier
 * }
 * Current heaviest and widest, prototype air-launch-to-orbit carrier
 * }

Projects
! Type ! Proposed ! data-sort-type=number | MTOW ! class="unsortable"| Notes
 * Poll Triplane
 * 1917 (circa) ||
 * 50 m wingspan
 * Victory Bomber
 * 1940/1941 || 47.2 tons
 * 52 m wingspan, to carry a ten-ton earthquake bomb, rejected by the RAF
 * Boeing 2707 SST
 * 1960s || 301.17 tons
 * A 93 m long Concorde answer, canceled in 1971
 * Lockheed CL-1201
 * 1960s || 6318.61 tons
 * Nuclear-powered, 1,120 feet (340 m) wing span, airborne aircraft carrier
 * Boeing RC-1
 * 1970s || 1584.57 tons
 * "flying pipeline", proposed before the 1973 oil crisis
 * Conroy Virtus
 * 1974 || 379.90 tons
 * 140 m wingspan, to carry Space Shuttle parts
 * Beriev Be-2500
 * 1980s || 2460.57 tons
 * Super heavy amphibious transport aircraft
 * Beriev Be-5000
 * 1980s || 4921.03 tons
 * Twin fuselage Be-2500
 * McDonnell Douglas MD-12
 * 1990 || 423.21 tons
 * Proposed double deck airliner, canceled in mid-1990s
 * Boeing New Large Airplane
 * 1990s || 523.6 tons
 * 747 replacement powered by 777 engines, canceled in the 1990s
 * Aerocon Dash 1.6 wingship
 * 1990s || 4921.03 tpms
 * US ground effect aircraft, developed with Russian consultation
 * Tupolev Tu-404
 * 1990s || 595.45 tons
 * Blended wing body airliner for 1,214 passenger, 110 m wingspan
 * Sukhoi KR-860
 * 1990s || 639.73 tons
 * Transport for 300 t payload or 860-1,000 passengers Double deck airliner
 * Boeing 747X
 * 1996 || 465.53 tons
 * 747-400 stretch, Airbus A3XX competitor
 * Boeing Pelican
 * 2002 || 2657.36 tons
 * Ground effect and medium altitude transport
 * Airbus A380-900
 * 2006 || 580.68 tons
 * Airbus A380-800 stretch, postponed in May 2010
 * TsAGI HCA-LB
 * 2010s || 984.21 tons
 * Ground effect aircraft powered by LNG
 * Skylon
 * current || 339.55 tons
 * Reusable spaceplane
 * WindRunner
 * current ||
 * Outsize cargo freight aircraft: 108 m long, 80 m wingspan.
 * }
 * 2002 || 2657.36 tons
 * Ground effect and medium altitude transport
 * Airbus A380-900
 * 2006 || 580.68 tons
 * Airbus A380-800 stretch, postponed in May 2010
 * TsAGI HCA-LB
 * 2010s || 984.21 tons
 * Ground effect aircraft powered by LNG
 * Skylon
 * current || 339.55 tons
 * Reusable spaceplane
 * WindRunner
 * current ||
 * Outsize cargo freight aircraft: 108 m long, 80 m wingspan.
 * }
 * WindRunner
 * current ||
 * Outsize cargo freight aircraft: 108 m long, 80 m wingspan.
 * }

Rotary-wing


! Type ! First flight ! MTOW !Number built !class="unsortable"| Notes
 * Cierva W.11 Air Horse
 * 8 t
 * 1
 * three rotor helicopter
 * - style="background-color: lightgrey"
 * Hughes XH-17
 * 23 t
 * 1
 * Prototype heavy-lift helicopter, largest rotor at 39.6 m
 * Mil Mi-6
 * 44 t
 * 926
 * Heavy transport helicopter, 35 m rotor
 * - style="background-color: lightgrey"
 * Mil V-12 or Mi-12
 * 105 t
 * 2
 * Largest prototype helicopter, 2 × 35 m rotors
 * Mil Mi-26
 * 56 t
 * 316
 * Heaviest serial production helicopter
 * - style="background-color: lightgrey"
 * Fairey Rotodyne
 * 15 t
 * 1
 * Largest gyrodyne. Prototype for 40 passengers
 * Kamov Ka-22
 * 42.5 t
 * 4
 * composite rotorcraft
 * Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey
 * 21.5 t
 * 400
 * First operational VTOL tiltrotor
 * }
 * Kamov Ka-22
 * 42.5 t
 * 4
 * composite rotorcraft
 * Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey
 * 21.5 t
 * 400
 * First operational VTOL tiltrotor
 * }
 * 21.5 t
 * 400
 * First operational VTOL tiltrotor
 * }

Proposals

 * Yakovlev Yak-60 - Mil V-12 size helicopter design
 * Yakovlev VVP-6 - Mil V-12 size helicopter design

Lighter than air
! Type !! Date !! Volume !! Description |-
 * + Large balloons
 * Preusen ("Prussia")
 * 1901
 * 8,400 m3
 * German experimental prototype
 * German experimental prototype
 * CL75 AirCrane
 * 2001
 * 110,000 m3
 * CargoLifter experimental prototype, approximately 120.6 tonnes with helium fill
 * }

! Type ! First flight ! Volume ! Length ! class="unsortable" | Notes
 * + Large airships
 * Zeppelin LZ 1
 * 1900
 * 11,300 m3
 * 128 m
 * German experimental prototype
 * R38 (US: ZR-2)
 * 1921
 * 2,724,000 cuft
 * 212 m
 * UK military, built for US Navy
 * R100
 * 1929
 * 193,970 m3
 * 216 m
 * UK experimental passenger transport
 * HM Airship R101
 * 14 Oct 1929
 * 156,000 m3
 * 236 m
 * Followed by the smaller 146,000 m3 R100 (220 m) on 16 Dec 1929
 * US Navy USS Akron
 * 8 Aug 1931
 * 180,000 m3
 * 239 m
 * Largest helium-filled airship along its USS Macon sister ship
 * LZ 129 Hindenburg
 * 4 Apr 1936
 * 200,000 m3
 * 245 m
 * Largest volume along with its LZ130 Graf Zeppelin II sister ship, approximately 237.2 tonnes with hydrogen fill
 * }
 * LZ 129 Hindenburg
 * 4 Apr 1936
 * 200,000 m3
 * 245 m
 * Largest volume along with its LZ130 Graf Zeppelin II sister ship, approximately 237.2 tonnes with hydrogen fill
 * }

Proposals

 * Hydrogen carrier airship (2.45 km long) and balloon (727 m wide), 28000 tonne MTOW both.
 * Geostationary Banana Over Texas, a 300 meters long helium-filled airship with an outer shell supposed to be made of paper and bamboo, shaped like a yellow banana.