List of mottos

This list contains the mottos of organizations, institutions, municipalities and authorities.

National mottos

 * List of national mottos

Cultural, philanthropic and scientific

 * Amsterdam Zoo: Natura Artis Magistra (Nature is the teacher of art)
 * International Expositions: Semper Verum (Always true)
 * Monarchist League of Canada: Fidelitate Coniuncti (United by fealty)
 * Real Academia Española (Royal Spanish Academy): Limpia, fija y da Esplendor (Cleans, fixes and gives shine)
 * Royal Society: Nullius in verba (On the word of no one)
 * South African Museum: Semper aliquid novi Africa affert (Africa is always producing some novelty)
 * Swedish Academy: Snille och Smak (Talent and taste)

Public service and youth service

 * 4-H: "To make the best better."
 * Air Training Corps: Venture, Adventure
 * Army Cadet Force: To Inspire and achieve.
 * Boy Scouts: Be Prepared
 * Boys' Brigade: Sure and Stedfast (Old spelling)
 * Brownies: Lend A Hand
 * Civil Air Patrol: Semper Vigilans (Always vigilant)
 * Cub Scouting Do Your Best
 * Girlguiding UK: Be Prepared
 * Girls' Brigade: Seek, serve and follow Christ
 * Guides: Be Prepared
 * National FFA Organization: Learning to Do, Doing to Learn, Earning to Live, Living to Serve
 * New Zealand Air Training Corps: We Train to Serve
 * St. John Ambulance: For the Faith and For the Service of Mankind

Police and public safety

 * Carabineros de Chile: Order and Fatherland
 * Chicago Police Department: We Serve and Protect
 * Detroit Police Department: Making Detroit a Safer Place to Live, Work, and Visit
 * Houston Police Department: Order through law, justice with mercy.
 * Icelandic Police: Með lögum skal land byggja (With laws shall lands be built)
 * Indonesian National Police: Sanskrit: Rastra Sewakottama (Serving the Nation)
 * Los Angeles Airport Police: Serving the Aviation Community
 * Los Angeles Police Department: To Protect and to Serve
 * Maine State Police: Semper Aequus (Always just)
 * Metropolitan Police Service: Working together for a safer London
 * Milwaukee Police Department: Be A Force
 * Minneapolis Police Department: To Protect with Courage, To Serve with Compassion
 * Korean National Police Agency: 국민과 함께하는 따뜻하고 믿음직한 경찰 (A Friendly and Reliable Police Force for the People )
 * New South Wales Police Force: Culpam Poena Premit Comes (Punishment Follows Closely On Guilt)
 * New York Police Department: Fidelis ad Mortem (Faithful unto death)
 * Royal Malaysian Police: Tegas, Adil dan Berhemah (Firm, Fair & Prudent)
 * Sacramento County Sheriff: Service with Concern
 * Singapore Police Force: Setia dan Bakti (Loyalty and Service)
 * New Zealand Police: Safer communities together
 * Thames Valley Police: Sit pax in valle tamesis (Let there be peace in the Thames Valley)
 * Trinity House: Trinitas in unitate (Trinity in unity)
 * United States Department of Veterans Affairs Police: Protecting Those Who Serve
 * Victoria Police: Uphold the Right
 * Royal Canadian Mounted Police: Maintiens le Droit (Uphold the right)

International organisations

 * Fédération Internationale des Échecs: Gens una sumus (We are one people)
 * International Practical Shooting Confederation: Diligentia, Vis, Celeritas (Accuracy, power, speed)
 * Olympic Games: Citius, Altius, Fortius (Faster, higher, stronger)
 * Paralympic Games: Spirit in Motion

Africa and Asia

 * Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya: الخلق، الأيمان، القوة (Character, Faith, Force)
 * Asante Kotoko S.C.: Ashanti Kum apem a, apem beba (Kill a thousand, and a thousand more will come)
 * Kolkata Knight Riders: Korbo, Lorbo, Jeetbo re (Will do, will fight, will win)

Americas

 * Carolina Panthers: Keep Pounding
 * Chicago Fire SC: Tradition. Honor. Passion.
 * Colo-Colo: El equipo que ha sabido ser campeón (The team that has known to become champion)
 * CR Flamengo: Uma vez Flamengo, sempre Flamengo (Once Flamengo, always Flamengo)
 * Tabor Academy: Vincit Semper Veritas (Truth always conquers)

Australia

 * Adelaide Football Club: Natus ad magna gerenda (Born to great things)
 * Carlton Football Club: Mens sana in corpore sano (Sound Mind in a Healthy Body)
 * Collingwood Football Club: Floreat pica (May the Magpie flourish)
 * Essendon Football Club: Suaviter in Modo, Fortiter in Re (Gently in manner, resolutely in execution)
 * Footscray Football Club: Cede Nullius (Yield to none)
 * Hawthorn Football Club: Spectemur agendo (Judged by our actions)
 * North Melbourne Football Club: Victoria amat curam (Victory demands dedication)
 * Port Adelaide Football Club: We Are Port Adelaide
 * St Kilda Football Club: Fortius quo fidelius (Strength through Loyalty)

Europe

 * FC Barcelona: Més que un club (More than a club) and Tots units fem força (All together we are strong)
 * Sport Lisboa e Benfica: E Pluribus Unum (Out of many, one)
 * Feyenoord Rotterdam: Geen woorden maar daden (No words but deeds)
 * SS Lazio: Concordia Parvae Res Crescunt (In harmony small things grew)
 * Olympique de Marseille: Droit au but (Straight to the Goal)
 * FC Porto: A Vencer desde 1893 (Conquering since 1893)
 * Sporting Clube de Portugal: Esforço, Dedicação, Devoção, Glória (Effort, dedication, devotion, glory)
 * Real Madrid CF: Hala Madrid y nada mas (Hail Madrid and nothing more)

United Kingdom

 * Arsenal F.C.: Victoria Concordia Crescit (Victory through harmony)
 * Aston Villa F.C.: Prepared
 * Chelsea Football Club: Keep The Blue Flag Flying High
 * Everton Football Club: Nil satis nisi optimum (Nothing but the best is good enough)
 * Leeds United F.C.: Marching on Together
 * Leicester City F.C.: Foxes Never Quit and #Fearless
 * Llanelli Wanderers RFC: Cyfeillach trwy Grwydro (Friendship through wandering)
 * Liverpool Football Club: You'll Never Walk Alone
 * Manchester City F.C.: Superbia in Proelio (Pride in battle)
 * Norwich City F.C: On the Ball, City
 * Queen's Park F.C.: Ludere Causa Ludendi (To play for the sake of playing)
 * Rangers F.C.: Ready
 * Sheffield Wednesday F.C.: Consilio et Animis (by Wisdom and Courage)
 * Shrewsbury Town F.C: Floreat Salopia (May Shropshire flourish / Let Salop flourish)
 * Stoke City: Vis Unita Fortior (United Strength is Stronger)
 * Sunderland A.F.C.: Consectatio Excellentiae (In pursuit of excellence)
 * Tottenham Hotspur F.C.: Audere est Facere (To dare is to do)

Politics

 * Chechen Resistance: Ojal ya Marsho (Chechen: Freedom or death)
 * Christian Democracy (Italy): Libertas
 * Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (Cuba): ¡En cada barrio, Revolución! (Spanish: In every neighborhood, Revolution!)
 * ETA: Bietan jarrai (Basque: Keep up on both)
 * Industrial Workers of the World: An injury to one is an injury to all
 * La Francophonie: égalité, complémentarité, solidarité (equality, complementarity, and solidarity).
 * Liberal Party of the Philippines: Noon at Ngayon, Liberal Marangal (Past and present, honorable Liberal)
 * Muslim Brotherhood: Allah Akbar, Wa Lellah Al Hamd (God is greater, thanks to God)
 * Nacionalista Party: Ang Bayan Higit sa Lahat (The nation above all)
 * Socialistisk Folkeparti: Det ku' være så godt (Danish: It could be so good)
 * Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League: One God! One Aim! One Destiny!
 * Women's Institute: For Home and Country
 * Women's Social and Political Union: Deeds not words
 * Zapatista Army of National Liberation: Ya Basta! (Spanish: Enough already!)

Heritage and historical

 * Daughters of the American Revolution: God, Home, and Country
 * Sons of the American Revolution: Libertas et patria (Liberty and country)
 * United Daughters of the Confederacy: Love, Live, Pray, Think, Dare

Religion

 * Ahmadiyya Community: Love for All Hatred for None
 * Benedictine Order: ora et labora (pray and work)
 * Carmelite Order: zelo zelatus sum pro Domino Deo exercituum (I am aflame with zeal for the Lord God of Hosts)
 * Cartellverband der katholischen deutschen Studentenverbindungen: In necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas (In need unity, in doubt liberty, in everything charity)
 * Dominican Order: Veritas (Truth), Laudare, Benedicere, Praedicare (Praise, bless, preach)
 * K.A.V. Lovania Leuven: Semper Excelsius (Always do your best); Der Geist lebt in uns allen (The Spirit lives in us all)
 * Khuddam-ul Ahmadiyya: A Nation cannot be reformed without the reformation of its youth
 * Knights Hospitaller: Tuitio Fidei et Obsequium Pauperum (Support the faithful and serve the poor)
 * Knights Templar: Non nobis Domine, non nobis; sed Nomini tuo da gloriam (Not to us, Lord, not to us; but your name give glory)
 * Lajna Imaillah: No nation can progress without educating their women
 * Philippine Independent Church: Pro Deo Et Patria (For God and country)
 * Pontificate of Pope Pius XII: opus iustitiae pax (peace is the fruit of justice)
 * Pontificate of Pope Francis: Miserando Atque Eligendo (by having mercy and by choosing)
 * Salvation Army: Blood and Fire
 * Society of Jesus: Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam (For the greater glory of God)
 * United Church of Christ: That they may all be one.
 * United Methodist Church: Open hearts, Open minds, Open doors

Business

 * Audi: Vorsprung durch Technik (Literally: Advantage through technology, Figuratively: The technical edge)
 * BBC: Nation Shall Speak Peace Unto Nation
 * Harrods: Omnia Omnibus Ubique (All Things, For All People, Everywhere)
 * IdentLogic Systems: Ille qui meritus est praemium habeat ( Let him who has earned it bear the reward)
 * Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer: Ars Gratia Artis (Art for art's sake)
 * Royal Mail Lines: Per mare ubique (Everywhere by sea)

Medieval nobility
Famous mottos, usually deliberately cryptic, adopted during the age of chivalry and courtly love by great noblemen and ladies include:
 * À Mon Seul Désir, appearing on The Lady and the Unicorn tapestry made in Paris circa 1500;
 * Me Sovent Sovant, Lady Margaret Beaufort (1441/3-1509) (Souvent me souviens, "Often I remember") which was adopted by St John's College, Cambridge, founded by her;
 * A Vous Entier John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (1389–1435);
 * Le Temps Venra Jean de Berry (1340–1416)
 * Le Bon Temps Viendra, ("the right time will come") Bourchier family;
 * Honi Soit Qui Mal Y Pense, King Edward III (ruled 1327–1377) of England, motto of the Order of the Garter (1348);
 * J'en Garde un Leal, Anne Malet de Graville ((1490?–1540?))

Dynasties

 * Belgian monarchy: L'Union Fait La Force (Union makes strength)
 * British monarchy (Plantagenet): Dieu Et Mon Droit (God and my right / God and my right shall me defend)
 * Dutch monarchy: Je Maintiendrai (I will maintain)
 * Greek royal family : (People's love, my strength)
 * Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, House of Romania : Nihil Sine Deo (Nothing without God)
 * Pahlavi dynasty : (Justice He [God] bids me do, as He will judge me)
 * Rothschild family: Concordia, Integritas, Industria (Unity, integrity, diligence)
 * House of Savoy: FERT
 * Spanish monarchy : Plus Ultra (Further beyond)
 * Royal mottos of Danish monarchs
 * List of Norwegian monarchs' mottos
 * Royal mottos of Swedish monarchs

Medical

 * American Board of Ophthalmology: Ex Obscuris Lux (From darkness, light)
 * Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland: In somno securitas (In sleep there is safety)
 * Association of Veterinary Surgeons in Bulgaria: Culter in manu sapienti vitam dat (A scalpel in a wise hand gives life)
 * Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland: omnes ab omnibus discamus (Let us learn all things from everybody)
 * Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists: Corpus curare spiritumque (To care for the body and its breath of life)
 * Australian College of Pharmacy: Education for Practice and Management
 * Canadian Association of General Surgeons: Sapientia Manaque Apta (Wisdom and a skillful hand)
 * Canadian Orthopaedic Association: Pietate, Arte et Scientia Corrigere (With compassion, skill and knowledge we correct, straighten or set right)
 * Grant Medical College, Mumbai, India. Mens sana in corpora sano (Healthy mind in a healthy body)
 * Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons: Vincat Scientia Morbos (Let knowledge conquer disease)
 * Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists: Excellence in women's health
 * Royal College of Anaesthetists: Divinum sedare dolorem (It is divine to alleviate pain / Divine is the effort to conquer pain)
 * Royal College of General Practitioners: Cum Scientia Caritas (Scientific knowledge applied with compassion)
 * Royal College of Midwives: Vita donum Dei (Life is the gift of God)
 * Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists: Super Ardua (Let us overcome our difficulties)
 * Royal College of Ophthalmologists: Ut Omnes Videant (So that all may see)
 * Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health: Hereditas Domini filii (Children are a heritage from the Lord)
 * Royal College of Psychiatrists: Let Wisdom Guide
 * Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland: Consilio Manuque (Scholarship and dexterity)
 * Royal Pharmaceutical Society: Habenda ratio valetudinis (We must pay attention to our health)
 * Walter Reed Tropical Medicine Course: Safiri Salama (Swahili: Travel safely)
 * ZAKA: Hessed Shel Emet (True kindness)

Other

 * Association of Trust Schools: Ad Susceptum Perficiendum (In order to achieve what has been undertaken)
 * Glasgow Filmmakers Alliance: Whatever the weather, we stand together
 * International Thespian Society: Act well your part. There all the honor lies
 * Linux Foundation: Open your source, Open your mind
 * The Boondock Saints: Aequitas et Veritas, alternately Veritas et Aequitas (Truth and justice / Honesty and equality)
 * The Red Green Show: Quando omni flunkus moritati (Pseudo-Latin When all else fails, play dead)

Military and governmental

 * Canadian Security Intelligence Service: A safe, secure and prosperous Canada, through trusted intelligence and advice.
 * Canadian Army: Vigilamus pro te (We stand on guard for thee)
 * Royal Canadian Air Force: 	Sic Itur ad Astra (Such is the pathway to the stars)
 * Royal Canadian Navy: Parati vero parati (Ready aye ready)
 * Canadian Special Operations Forces Command: Facta, non verba (Actions, not words)
 * Irish Army Cavalry Corps: Through the mud and blood to the green fields beyond
 * Apollo 13: Ex luna, scientia (From the Moon, knowledge)
 * British Special Air Service: Who Dares Wins
 * Indian Army: Naam, Namak, Nishan (Be honourable, true to your salt, and uphold the flag)
 * Indian Army Medical Corps: Sarve Santu Niramaya (Everyone should remain healthy, good health for all)
 * National Security Agency (NSA): Defending Our Nation, Securing The Future
 * Ontario Regiment of Canada: Canadian Armed Forces Armoured Reserve Regiment: Fidelus Paradus (Faithful and prepared)
 * Pakistan Army: Iman, Taqwa, Jihad Fi Sabil-illah, Men at their Best. (Faith, piety, struggle in the way of Almighty Allah, men at their best)
 * Philippine National Police: We Serve and Protect
 * Royal Air Force (United Kingdom): Per Ardua Ad Astra (Through adversity to the stars)
 * Royal Marines (United Kingdom): Per Mare, Per Terram (By sea, by land)
 * Household Division (United Kingdom): Septem Juncta in Uno (Seven joined in one)
 * United States Air Force Academy: Integrity First, Service before self, Excellence in All we Do
 * United States Coast Guard (USCG): Semper Paratus (Always ready)
 * United States Coast Guard Life-Saving Service (USCG LSS): You have to go out, but you don't have to come back
 * United States Marine Corps (USMC): Semper Fidelis (Always faithful)
 * United States Military Academy: Duty, Honor, Country
 * US Air Force Pararescue: That Others May Live
 * United States Army: This We'll Defend
 * Spanish Light Armoured Cavalry Regiment Santiago No 1 : Pes meus stetit in directo (My foot has stood in the right way/direction (or in uprightness; in integrity )
 * United States Secret Service: Worthy of Trust and Confidence

Canada

 * Order of Canada: Desiderantes Melioram Patriam (They desired a better land)
 * Order of Military Merit (Canada): Officio ante Commodum (Service before self)

Europe

 * Legion of Honour (France): Honneur et Patrie (Honour and Fatherland)
 * Order of Charles III (Spain): Virtuti et Merito (By virtue and merit)
 * Order of the Crown (Belgium): Travail et Progrès (Work and Progress)
 * Order of the Cross of Liberty (Finland): Isänmaan Puolesta (For the Fatherland)
 * Order of the Dannebrog (Denmark): Gud og Kongen (God and the King)
 * Order of the Elephant (Denmark): Magnanimi Pretium (The prize of greatness)
 * Order of the Golden Fleece (Spanish version): Ante ferit quam flamma micet (Strike before they see the flame)
 * Order of the House of Orange (Netherlands): Je Maintiendrai (I will maintain)
 * Order of Leopold (Belgium): L'Union Fait La Force (Union makes strength)
 * Order of Leopold II (Belgium): L'Union Fait La Force (Union makes strength)
 * Order of Merit for the Fatherland (Russia): Polza, chest i slava (Benefit, honour and glory)
 * Order of the Netherlands Lion: Virtus Nobilitat (Power ennobles)
 * Order of Orange-Nassau: Je Maintiendrai (I will maintain)
 * Order of the Polar Star (Sweden): Nescit Occasum (It knows no decline)
 * Order of Saint Andrew (Russia): Za Veru i Vernost (For faith and loyalty)
 * Order of St. George (Russia): Za Sluzhbu i Khrabrost (For service and bravery)
 * Order of St. Olav (Norway): Ret og Sandhed (Justice and truth)
 * Order of the Seraphim (Sweden): Iesus Hominum Salvator (Jesus, saviour of men)
 * Order of the Star of Romania: In Fide Salus (In Faith is the Salvation)
 * Order of the Sword (Sweden): Pro Patria (For Fatherland)
 * Order of the Tower and Sword (Portugal): Valor, Lealdade e Mérito (Valour, Loyalty and Merit)
 * Order of the White Eagle (Poland): Za Ojczyznę i Naród (For Fatherland and Nation)
 * Order of the White Lion (Czech Republic): (Truth Prevails)
 * Order of the White Rose of Finland: Isänmaan hyväksi (For the Well-Being of the Fatherland)

Holy See

 * Order of Pius IX: Virtuti et Merito (By virtue and merit)
 * Order of St. Gregory the Great: Pro Deo et Principe (For God and Prince)
 * Order of St. Sylvester: Multum in Parvo (Much in a small space)

United Kingdom

 * George Cross: For Gallantry
 * Order of the Bath: Tria Juncta In Uno (Three joined in one)
 * Order of the British Empire: For God and the Empire
 * Order of the Garter: Honi Soit Qui Mal Y Pense (Shame be to him who thinks evil of it)
 * Order of Merit: For Merit
 * Order of St Michael and St George: Auspicium Melioris Aevi (Hope of a better age)
 * Order of the Thistle: Nemo Me Impune Lacessit (No-one injures me with impunity)
 * Royal Victorian Order: Victoria
 * Victoria Cross: For Valour

New South Wales

 * Blacktown: Progress
 * Sydney: I take but I surrender

Northern Territory

 * Darwin, Northern Territory: Progrediamur (Let us go forward)

Queensland

 * Brisbane: Meliora sequimur (We aim for better things)

South Australia

 * Adelaide: Ut Prosint Omnibus Conjuncti (United for the common good)

Tasmania

 * Hobart: Sic Fortis Hobartia Crevit (Thus, in force, Hobart grew)

Victoria

 * Melbourne: Vires Acquirit Eundo (She acquires strength as she goes)

Western Australia

 * City of Perth: Floreat (Prosper & Protect)

British Columbia

 * Kamloops Salus et Opes (Health and abundance)

Manitoba

 * Brandon: Vires Acquirit Eundo (She acquires strength through progress)
 * Headingley: Progredi Prospere (To go forward prosperously)
 * Macdonald: Preserverate et Florete (To preserve and flourish)
 * Portage la Prairie: Progress
 * St. Andrews: In Union Is Strength
 * West St. Paul: Onward
 * Winnipeg: Unum Cum Virtute Multorum (One with the strength of many)

New Brunswick

 * Saint John: O Fortunati Quorum Jam Moenia Surgunt (O fortunate ones whose walls are now rising / O happy they, whose promised walls already rise)

Nova Scotia
Alberta
 * Halifax: E Mari Merces (Wealth from the sea)


 * Calgary: Onward

Ontario

 * Hamilton: Together Aspire, Together Achieve
 * Ottawa: Advance Ottawa
 * Toronto: Diversity Our Strength
 * Sarnia: Sarnia Semper (Sarnia Always)

Quebec

 * Montreal: Concordia Salus (Salvation through harmony)
 * Province of Quebec: Je me souviens (I remember)
 * Quebec City, Quebec: Don de Dieu feray valoir (I shall put God's gift to good use)

Saskatchewan

 * Regina: Floreat Regina (Let Regina flourish)

Europe

 * Amsterdam: Heldhaftig, Vastberaden, Barmhartig (Valiant, Steadfast, Compassionate)
 * Bordeaux: Lilia sola regunt lunam undas castra leonem (The fleur-de-lis alone rules over the moon, the waves, the castle, and the lion)
 * Brescia: Brixia fidelis (Brescia faithful)
 * Bruges: S.P.Q.B.
 * Bucharest: Patria și Dreptul Meu (The Homeland and my right)
 * Douglas: Kiannoortys cheusthie jeh Kiannoortys (Government within a government)
 * Frankfurt: Stark im Recht (Strong in justice)
 * Gdańsk: Nec temere, nec timide (Neither rashly nor timidly)
 * Gdynia: Gdynia—miasto z morza i marzeń (Gdynia—a city built of sea and dreams)
 * Genoa: Libertas (Liberty)
 * Kaunas: Diligite justitiam qui judicatis terram (Love justice, landlords)
 * Łódź: Ex navicula navis (Big boat out of a small one)
 * Madrid: Fui sobre agua edificada, mis muros de fuego son. Esta es mi insignia y blasón (On water I was built, My walls are made of fire, this is my ensign and escutcheon)
 * Marseille: Actibus immensis urbs fulget Massiliensis (By her great deeds, Marseille shines in the world)
 * Nancy, France: Non inultus premor (I'm not touched with impunity)
 * Nantes: Favet Neptunus Eunti (Neptune favours the traveller)
 * Nice: Nicaea Civitas (City of Nice)
 * Oporto, Portugal: Antiga, mui nobre e sempre leal, Invicta cidade do Porto (Antique, highly noble, always faithful, unvanquished Oporto City)
 * Paris: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Tossed by the waves, she does not founder)
 * Prague: Praga caput rei publicae (Prague, head of the republic). Formerly: Praga caput regnum (Prague, head of the kingdom)
 * Rotterdam: Sterker door strijd (Stronger by struggle)
 * Seville: No me ha dejado (written NO8DO) (It [Seville] has not abandoned me)
 * Sofia: Raste, no ne staree (Bulgarian: Grows, but does not age)
 * The Hague: Vrede en recht (Peace and Justice)
 * Toulon: Concordia parva crescunt (Small things increase by concord)
 * Toulouse: Per Tolosa totjorn mai (For Toulouse, always more)
 * Valletta: Città Umilissima (The most humble city)
 * Vilnius: Unitas, Justitia, Spes (Unity, justice, hope)
 * Warsaw: Contemnit procellas (It defies the storms), Semper invicta (Always invincible)
 * Żebbuġ, Malta: Semper Virens (Evergreen)

Indonesia

 * Jakarta: Jaya Raya (Victory and glorious)
 * Bandung: Gemah Ripah Wibawa Mukti (rich soil, prosperous people)
 * Rarasing Rasa Wiwaraning Praja, a Javanese sengkala, (referring to the year of 1966), people's harmonious feeling for entering a gate of prosperity
 * Karawang: Pangkal Perjuangan (Struggle starting point)
 * Bali: Bali Dwipa Jaya (Glorious Bali Island)
 * Aceh : Pancacita (Five purposes)

India

 * Kolkatta (Calcutta): Purosree Bibardhan (Bengali: Progress of the city)
 * Mumbai: Yato Dharmastato Jaya (यतो धर्मस्ततो जय) (Sanskrit: Where there is righteousness, there shall be victory). Pre-independence motto: Urbs Primis in Indis (India's first city)
 * Kerala: Ever To Be The Best (Tolins World School)
 * Tamil Nadu வாய்மையே வெல்லும் (Tamil) (Truth alone triumphs)

Republic of Ireland

 * Cork: Statio Bene Fida Carinis (A safe harbour for ships)
 * Dublin: Obedientia Civium Urbis Felicitas (Happy the city where citizens obey)
 * Dún Laoghaire: Ó Chuan go Sliabh (From the harbour to the mountain)
 * Limerick: Urbs Antiqua Fuit Studiisque Asperrima Belli (An ancient city well versed in the arts of war)
 * Waterford: Urbs Intacta Manet Waterfordia (Waterford remains the untaken city)

Latin America

 * Nuevo León, Mexico: Semper Ascendens (Always ascending)
 * São Paulo: Non ducor, duco (I am not led, I lead)

New Zealand

 * Auckland: Advance
 * Christchurch: Fide Condita, Fructu Beata, Spe Fortis (Founded in Faith, Rich in the Fulfillment thereof, Strong in Hope for the Future).
 * Dunedin: Maiorum Institutis Utendo (By following in the footsteps of our forefathers)
 * Nelson, New Zealand: Palmam qui meruit ferat (Let him, who has earned it, bear the palm)
 * Wellington: Suprema a Situ (Supreme by position)

Berkshire

 * Reading: A Deo et Regina (From God and the Queen)
 * Slough: Serve with honour
 * West Berkshire: Forward together
 * Windsor and Maidenhead: In Unitate, Felicitas (In unity, happiness)
 * Wokingham: Unum e Pluribus (One out of many)

Buckinghamshire

 * Aylesbury Vale: Concordia prorsum (Forward in harmony)
 * Chiltern: Freely we serve
 * High Wycombe: Industria ditat (Industry enriches)
 * Milton Keynes: By knowledge, design, and understanding
 * South Buckinghamshire: Consillo et animis (By counsel and courage)

Cambridgeshire

 * Huntingdonshire:Labore omnia florent (By labour everything prospers)
 * Peterborough: Upon this rock
 * South Cambridgeshire: Niet zonder arbyt (Not without work)

Cheshire

 * Chester: Antiqiui Colant Antiquum Dierum (Let the ancients worship the ancient of days)
 * Borough of Halton: Industria Navem Implet (Industry fills the ship)
 * Runcorn: Navem Mercibus Implere (Fill the ship with goods)
 * Widnes: Industria Ditat (Industry enriches)

City of London

 * Domine dirige nos (Lord direct us)

Devon

 * Exeter: Semper Fidelis (Always faithful)
 * Plymouth: Turris Fortissima est Nomen Jehova (The strongest tower is the name of Jehovah)
 * Torquay: Salus et Felicitas (Health and happiness)

Essex

 * Benfleet: Societas florebit (Fellowship will blossom)
 * Braintree: By wisdom and foresight
 * Brentwood: Ardens Fide (burning with faith)
 * Canvey Island: Ex Mare Dei Gratia (From the sea by the grace of God)
 * Chelmsford: Many minds, one heart
 * Colchester: No Cross, no Crown
 * Great Dunmow: May Dunmow prosper
 * Halstead: Consilio et Prudentia (By wisdom and foresight)
 * Harwich: Omnia Bona Bonis (To the good all things are good)
 * Harlow: In Common Endeavour
 * Leigh-on-Sea: Lux Salubritas Felicitas (Light, health, happiness)
 * Maldon: Vision, courage, integrity
 * Rayleigh: In Reliquom Laboramus (We work for the future)
 * Rochford: Our heritage, our future
 * Southend-on-Sea: Per Mare Per Ecclesiam (By the sea and by the church)
 * Thurrock: Secundum Tamesim Quovis Gentium (By the Thames to all peoples of the world)
 * Waltham Abbey: Sanctae Nomine Crucis (By the name of the Holy Cross)

Gloucestershire

 * Cheltenham: Salubritas et eruditio (Health and education)
 * Cirencester: Corinium floreat (May Corinium (Cirencester) flourish)
 * Cotswold District: United we serve
 * Gloucester: Fides invicta triumphat (Unconquered faith triumphs)
 * Gloucestershire: Prorsum semper (Ever forwards)
 * Tewkesbury Borough: In consilio sapientia (There is wisdom in counsel)

Greater London

 * Barking and Dagenham: Dei Gratia Probemur Rebus (By the grace of God, let us be judged by our acts)
 * Barnet: Unitas Efficit Ministerium (Unity makes service)
 * Bexley: Boldly and Rightly
 * Brent: Forward Together
 * Bromley: Servire Populo (To serve the people)
 * Camden: Non Sibi sed Toti (Not for oneself, but for all)
 * Croydon: Ad Summa Nitamur (Let us strive after perfection)
 * Ealing: Progress With Unity
 * Enfield: By Industry Ever Stronger
 * Greenwich: We Govern by Serving
 * Hammersmith and Fulham: Spectemur Agendo (Let us be regarded according to our conduct)
 * Haringey: Progress With Humanity
 * Harrow: Salus Populi Suprema Lex (The health of the people is the supreme law)
 * Havering: Liberty
 * Hillingdon: Forward
 * Hounslow: Iuncti Progrediamur (Let us progress together)
 * Islington: We Serve
 * Kensington and Chelsea: Quam Bonum In Unum Habitare (What a good thing it is to dwell together in unity)
 * Lambeth: Spectemur Agendo (Let us be regarded according to our conduct)
 * Lewisham: Salus Populi Suprema Lex (The health of the people is the supreme law)
 * Merton: Stand Fast In Honour And Strength
 * Newham: Progress with the People
 * Redbridge: In Unity Progress
 * Southwark: United to Serve
 * Sutton: Per ardua in fide servite Deo (through difficulties serve God in faith)
 * Tower Hamlets: From Great Things to Greater
 * Waltham Forest: Fellowship Is Life
 * Wandsworth: We Serve
 * Westminster: Custodi Civitatem Domine (Guard the city, O Lord)

Greater Manchester

 * Bolton: Supera moras (Overcome difficulties)
 * Bury: Forward in unity
 * Manchester: Concilio et Labore (By counsel and labour)
 * Oldham: Sapere aude (Have courage to be wise)
 * Stockport: Animo et fide ( With courage and faith)
 * Tameside: Industry and integrity
 * Trafford: Hold fast that which is good
 * Wigan: Ancient and Loyal

Hampshire

 * New Forest: Old Yet Ever New
 * Portsmouth: Heaven's Light Our Guide
 * Romsey: Quae Recta Tene
 * Rushmoor: Strength in Unity
 * Test Valley: Deo Teste Valeamus (With God as our witness, let us be strong)

Hertfordshire

 * Broxbourne: Cor Unum, Via Una (One heart, one way)
 * Dacorum: The Borough of Dacorum
 * Hertsmere: Do Well And Fear Not
 * North Hertfordshire: Memores Acti, Prudentes Futuri
 * Stevenage: The Heart of a Town Lies in its People
 * Watford: Audentior (Bolder)
 * Welwyn Hatfield: By Wisdom And Design

Kent

 * Ashford: With Stronger Faith
 * Canterbury: Ave Mater Angliae (Hail, Mother England)
 * Dartford: Floreat Dartford (Let Dartford Flourish)
 * Folkestone and Hythe: Amoenitas et Salubritas (Delightfulness and healthiness)
 * Maidstone: Agriculture and Commerce
 * Medway: Forward Together
 * Swale: Known by their Fruits
 * Tonbridge and Malling: Forward in Unison
 * Tunbridge Wells: Do Well Doubt Not

Lancashire

 * Blackburn: Arte et Labore (By art and labour)
 * Blackpool: Progress
 * Burnley: Hold to the truth
 * Chorley: Be aware
 * Fylde: Gaudeat ager (Let the field rejoice)
 * Hyndburn: By industry and prudence
 * Lancashire: In consilio consilium (In council is wisdom)
 * Lancaster: Luck to loyne
 * Pendle: In unitate florescemus (In unity we increasingly flourish)
 * Rossendale: Prosperity through endeavour
 * South Ribble: Progress with humanity
 * West Lancashire: Salus populi suprema lex The well-being of the people is the supreme law)
 * Wyre: Utraque parte fluminis (On either side of the river)

Leicestershire

 * Leicester: Semper Eadem (Always the same)

Lincolnshire

 * Mablethorpe: Amoeniora Litora Nostra (Our shores are more delightful) [1 ]

Merseyside

 * Liverpool: Deus Nobis Haec Otia Fecit (God hath granted us this ease)

Norfolk

 * Norwich: Do different

Northumbria

 * Newcastle upon Tyne: Fortiter Defendit Triumphans (Triumph by brave defence) [5 ]

Suffolk

 * Felixstowe: Felix sto we (Happy we stand)

Surrey

 * Elmbridge: Dum Defluant Amnes (Until the rivers cease to flow)
 * Epsom and Ewell: None Such
 * Guildford: Fortiter et Fideliter (Bravely and faithfully)
 * Mole Valley: Ministrando Vigilans (Vigilant in our serving)
 * Spelthorne: Ad Solem Prospicimus (We look towards the Sun)
 * Surrey Heath: Festina Diligenter (Make haste carefully)
 * Tandridge: Concordia (Harmony)
 * Reigate and Banstead: Never Wonne Ne Never Shall
 * Runnymede: In Freedom We Serve
 * Waverley: Oppida Rusque Una (Town and countryside in unity)
 * Woking: Fide et Diligentia (In faith and diligence)

Sussex

 * Brighton and Hove: Inter Undas et Colles Floremus (Between sea and downs we flourish)
 * Crawley: I Grow and I Rejoice
 * Eastbourne: Meliora Sequimur (We follow the better things)
 * Horsham: Proudly We Serve
 * Mid Sussex: Salus Populi Suprema Lex (The good of the people comes first)
 * Wealden: Interiora Ruris (Rural interior)
 * Worthing: Ex Terra Copiam e Mari Salutem (From the land, fullness; from the sea, health)

West Midlands

 * Birmingham: Forward

Yorkshire

 * Bradford: Progress, Industry, Humanity
 * Calderdale: Industria Arte Prudentia (Industry, Skill, Foresight)
 * Leeds: Pro Rege et Lege (For the king and the law)
 * Rotherham: By Industry and Honour
 * Sheffield: Deo Adjuvante, Labor Proficit (With God's help, our work is successful)
 * Wakefield: Persevere and Prosper
 * Yorkshireman's Motto: 'Ear all, see all, say nowt;Eyt all, sup all, pay nowt;And if ivver tha does owt fer nowt –Allus do it fer thissen.[11]

Scotland

 * Aberdeen: Bon Accord ( Good agreement)
 * Arbroath: Propter libertatem (Latin: For Freedom)
 * Braemar: Mak Siccar (Make sure)
 * Clydebank: Labore et Scientia (By work and by knowledge)
 * Dingwall: Salve corona
 * Duns: Duns Dings Aw (Duns beats all)
 * East Kilbride: Prosper but Dreid
 * Edinburgh: Nisi Dominus frustra (Except the Lord [keep the city, the watchman waketh] in vain. Psalm 127)
 * Falkirk: Touch Ane, Touch Aw – Better meddle wi the Deil than the bairns o Fawkirk (Strike one, strike all – easier fight with the devil than the children of Falkirk)
 * Forfar: Ut quocunque paratus
 * Galashiels: Soor Ploums (Sour Plums)
 * Glasgow: Let Glasgow Flourish
 * Irvine: Tandem bona causa triumphat (The good cause triumphs in the end)
 * Jedburgh: Strenue et Prospere (With vigour and success)
 * Kelso: Dae Richt – Fear Nocht (Do right — fear nought)
 * Kinross: Siccar (Sure)
 * Lerwick: Dispecta est et Thule
 * Orkney Islands: Boreas domus mare amicus (Latin: The North our home, the sea our friend)
 * Perth: Pro Rege, Lege et Grege (For the King, the Law and the People)
 * Port Glasgow: Ter et Quarter anno Revisens Aequor Atlanticum Impune (Three and four times a year revisiting the Atlantic with impunity)
 * Rosehearty: Tyauve awa Rosehearty (Strive always, Rosehearty)
 * St Andrews: Dum spiro spero (While I breathe I hope)
 * Selkirk: At spreta incolumem vita defendere famam
 * Shetland Islands: Með lögum skal land byggja (By law shall the land be built up)
 * Thurso: Wark tae God (Walk towards God)

County Antrim

 * Antrim: Per Angusta ad Augusta
 * Ballyclare: Industria et Probitate (By work and integrity)
 * Ballymoney: Goodwill to all People
 * Belfast: Pro tanto quid retribuamus (What shall we give in return for so much)
 * Carrickfergus: Gloria Prisca Novatur (The glory of the Old made New)
 * Larne: Falce Marique Potens (Powerful With the Sickle and on the Sea)
 * Lisburn: Ex Igne Resurgam (I will arise from the fire)
 * Newtownabbey: Multi in uno resurgent (Multi in uno resurgent)

County Armagh

 * Armagh: In Concilio Consilium
 * Craigavon: Together we progress
 * Lurgan: Be just and fear not
 * Portadown: ???

County Down

 * Ards: Fidelis atque Fortis (Faithful and Brave)
 * Bangor: Beannchor
 * Banbridge: Per Deum et Industriam (By God and Industry)
 * East Down: Ever looking forward
 * Newtownards: Fidelis atque Fortis

County Fermanagh

 * Enniskillen: Ut proavi in Deo confidemus
 * Fermanagh: Feor Magh Eanagh

County Londonderry

 * Coleraine: Cuil Rathain
 * Limavady: Absit Invidia (Let there be no ill-will)
 * Derry: Vita, Veritas, Victoria (Life, truth, victory)
 * Magherafelt: Fide et Opera (With Faithfulness and Service)
 * Moyle:

County Tyrone

 * Cookstown: Forward
 * Dungannon:
 * Omagh: Oigh Magh

Wales

 * Cardiff: Y Ddraig Goch Ddyry Cychwyn (Welsh: The red dragon leads the way)
 * Merthyr Tydfil: Nid Cadern Ond Brodyrdde (Welsh: No strength but in fellowship)
 * Llandudno: Hardd Hafan Hedd (Welsh: Beautiful haven of peace)
 * Newport: Terra Marique (By land and sea)

California

 * Adelanto: Progress through unity
 * Alameda: Prosperitas terra mari que (Prosperity from the land and sea)
 * Banning: Proud History, Prosperous Tomorrow
 * Berkeley: Westward the course of empire takes its way; / The first four Acts already past, / A fifth shall close the Drama with the day; / Time's noblest offspring is the last.
 * Carson: Future Unlimited
 * Ceres: Together We Achieve
 * Del Mar: Multum in parvis (Much in little)
 * Downey: Future Unlimited
 * Eastvale: Family, Community, Diversity
 * El Centro: Shining with Opportunity
 * Eureka: Eureka (I have found it)
 * Garden Grove: Absit invidia (Let envy be absent)Gardena: Freeway City
 * Half Moon Bay: Vivir, trabajar, jugar (Live, work, play)
 * Hanford: Planning Tomorrows
 * Kerman: Community Comes First
 * Lanare: Building from the Ground Up
 * Manhattan Beach: Sun, Sand, Sea
 * Millbrae: A Place in the Sun
 * Monterey: Anda (Onward)
 * Ontario: Balanced Community
 * Orange Cove: Honoring Our Past, Embracing Our Future, Come Grow With Us; In God We Trust
 * Paradise: In Harmony with Nature
 * Redwood City: Climate Best by Government Test
 * Rialto: Bridge to Progress
 * San Diego: Semper vigilans (Always vigilant)
 * San Francisco: Oro en Paz, Fierro en Guerra (Gold in peace, iron in war)
 * Santa Fe Springs: Salus populi suprema lex exto (Let the welfare of the people be the supreme law)
 * Upland: Madonna of the Trail

Florida

 * Palm Bay: A Perfect Place to Grow

Illinois

 * Chicago: Urbs In Horto (City in a garden)

Indiana

 * East Chicago: Progredemur (We progress)
 * Fort Wayne: Ke-ki-on-ga
 * Hammond: Land of Calumet
 * South Bend: Peace
 * Valparaiso: Vale of Paradise

Iowa

 * State of Iowa: Our liberties we prize and our rights we will maintain

Kentucky

 * Campbellsville: Urbs progrediens media in civitate (City in the middle of the commonwealth)

Massachusetts

 * Commonwealth of Massachusetts: Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem (By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty)
 * Boston: Sicut patribus sit deus nobis (God be with us as He was with our fathers)
 * Somerville: Municipal Freedom Gives National Strength

Maryland

 * Baltimore: Believe

Michigan

 * Detroit: Speramus meliora; resurget cineribus (We hope for better things; it will rise from the ashes)
 * Grand Rapids: Motu Viget (strength in activity)

Minnesota

 * Minneapolis: En Avant (Forward)

North Carolina

 * North Carolina State Motto: Esse quam videri (To be rather than to seem)

Ohio

 * Centerville: Progress, Stability
 * Chillicothe: Primum capitolium Ohioensis (Ohio's first capital)
 * Cincinnati: Juncta juvant (Unity assists)
 * Cleveland: Progress & Prosperity
 * Coldwater: The family is our most important product
 * Dublin: where yesterday meets tomorrow
 * Fairborn: Tradition, Innovation
 * Obetz: For Work, For Play, For Everyone
 * Parma: Progress Through Partnerships
 * Reading: Wir Tun Unser Bestes (We Try Our Best)
 * St. Marys: Where Living is a Pleasure; Urbs inter agros (City amid fields)
 * Streetsboro: Gateway to Progress
 * Toledo: Laborare est orare (To work is to pray)
 * Union: Sheets Rifle

Oregon

 * Oregon State Motto: She flies with her own wings
 * Portland, Oregon: The City that Works

Pennsylvania

 * Philadelphia: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue)

Texas

 * Austin, Texas: Friendship

Virginia

 * Virginia State Motto: Sic semper tyrannus (Thus always to tyrants)
 * Richmond, Virginia: Sic Itur Ad Astra (Such is the way to the Stars)

Traditional

 * Bedfordshire: Constant Be
 * Buckinghamshire: Vestigia Nulla Retrorsum (No stepping back)
 * Cambridgeshire: Per undas, per agros (Through waves, through fields)
 * Cheshire: Jure et dignitate gladii (By the right and dignity of the sword)
 * Cornwall: Onen Hag Oll (One and all)
 * Cumberland: Perfero (I carry through)
 * Derbyshire: Bene consulendo (By good counsel)
 * Devon: Auxilio Divino (By divine aid)
 * Durham: Faith, foresight and industry
 * Dorset: Who's Afear'd
 * Essex: Many minds, one heart
 * Gloucestershire: Prorsum Semper (Ever forward)
 * Hampshire:
 * Herefordshire: Pulchra Terra Dei Donum (This fair land is the gift of God)
 * Hertfordshire: Trust and fear not
 * Huntingdonshire: Labore Omnia Florent (By work everything flourishes)
 * Kent: Invicta (Unconquered)
 * Lancashire: In Concilio Consilium (In counsel is wisdom)
 * Leicestershire: For'ard For'ard
 * Lincolnshire: Perseverance vincit (Perseverance conquers)
 * Middlesex:
 * Norfolk:
 * Northamptonshire: Rosa Concordiae Signum (The Rose—Emblem of Harmony)
 * Northumberland: Northumberland
 * Nottinghamshire: Sapienter proficiens (Progress with wisdom)
 * Oxfordshire: Sapere Aude (Dare to be wise)
 * Rutland: Multum in Parvo (Much in little)
 * Shropshire: Floreat Salopia (Let Salop flourish)
 * Somerset: Sumorsaete ealle (All the people of Somerset)
 * Staffordshire: The knot unites
 * Suffolk: Opus Nostrum Dirige (Direct our work)
 * Surrey:
 * Sussex: We wunt be druv (Sussaxon dialect: We won't be driven)
 * Warwickshire: United to serve
 * Westmorland:
 * Yorkshire, East Riding: Tradition and Progress
 * Yorkshire, North Riding:
 * Yorkshire, West Riding: Audi Consilium (Heed counsel)
 * Wiltshire:
 * Worcestershire:

Ceremonial

 * Bristol: Virtue et Industria (Virtue and hard work)
 * Cumbria: Ad montes oculos levavi (I shall lift up mine eyes unto the mountains)
 * East Sussex:
 * Greater London:
 * Greater Manchester: Ever Vigilant
 * Isle of Wight: All this beauty is of God
 * Merseyside: Unity in the Service of All
 * North Yorkshire: Unitate Fortior (Stronger by union)
 * South Yorkshire: Each shall strive for the Welfare of All
 * Tyne and Wear:
 * West Midlands: Forward in Unity
 * West Sussex:
 * West Yorkshire: By Effort Achieve

Former

 * Avon:
 * Cleveland: Endeavour
 * Hereford and Worcester:
 * Humberside: United we Flourish

Scotland

 * Aberdeen: Bon Accord
 * Angus: Lippen on Angus (Trust in Angus)
 * Ayr: God Shaw the Right
 * Banff: Spe et Spiritu (With hope and courage)
 * Caithness: Commit thy Wark to God
 * Clackmannan: Leuk aboot ye
 * Dumfries:
 * Dunbarton: Levenax (Land of the elm trees)
 * East Lothian:
 * Fife: Virtute et opera (By virtue and by industry)
 * Inverness: Air son Math na Siorrachd (For the good of the county)
 * Kincardine: Laus Deo (Praise to God)
 * Kinross: For all Time
 * Kirkcudbright:
 * Lanark:
 * Midlothian:
 * Moray: In Spe (In hope)
 * Nairn: Unite and be Mindful
 * Orkney: Boreas Domus Mare Amicus (Home to the winds, friend of the sea)
 * Peebles: Contra Nando Incrementum (There is increase by swimming against the stream
 * Perth: Pro Lege et Libertate (For law and liberty)
 * Renfrew:
 * Ross and Cromarty: Dread God and Do Well
 * Roxburgh: Ne Cede Malis Sed Contra Audentior Ito (Yield not to misfortunes [evil things] but go on more boldly against them)
 * Selkirk:
 * Stirling:
 * Sutherland: Dluth Lean Do Dhuthchas Le Durachd (Cling to thy heritage with diligence)
 * West Lothian: Aye for the Common Weal
 * Wigtown:
 * Zetland: Með Lögum Skal Land Byggja (With laws shall this land be built)

Traditional

 * Anglesey: Môn Mam Cymru (Anglesey mother of Wales)
 * Brecknock: Undeb Hedd Llwyddiant (Unity, peace, prosperity)
 * Caernarfon: Cadernid Gwynedd (The strength of Gwynedd)
 * Carmarthen: Rhyddid gwerin ffyniant gwlad (A free people a prosperous country)
 * Cardigan or Ceredigion: Golud Gwlad Rhyddid (A nation's wealth is freedom)
 * Denbigh: Duw â digon (God is sufficient)
 * Flint: Gorau tarian, cyfiawnder (The best shield is justice)
 * Glamorgan: A ddioddefws a orfu (He that endureth, overcometh)
 * Merioneth or Merionydd: Tra Mor Tra Meirion (While the sea lasts, so shall Merionethshire)
 * Monmouth: Utrique fidelis (Faithful to both)
 * Montgomery: Powys paradwys Cymru (Powys paradise of Wales)
 * Pembroke: Ex unitate vires (Out of unity is strength)
 * Radnor: Ewch yn Uwch (Higher and higher)

Ceremonial

 * Clwyd: Tarian cyfiawnder Duw (The shield of justice is God)
 * Dyfed: Rhyddid Gwerin Ffyniant Gwlad (A free people, a prosperous country) – as Carmarthenshire
 * Gwent: Utrique fidelis (Faithful to both) – as Monmouthshire
 * Gwynedd: Cadernid Gwynedd (The strength of Gwynedd) – as Caernarfonshire
 * Mid Glamorgan: A Ddioddefws a Orfu (He who suffers, conquers) – as Glamorgan
 * Powys: Undeb A Rhyddid (Unity and freedom)
 * South Glamorgan: Y Ddinas a'r Fro (The city and the vale)
 * West Glamorgan: Cardarn pob Cyfiawn (The just are strong)