List of rulers of Damascus

This is a list of rulers of Damascus from ancient times to the present.
 * General context: History of Damascus.

Aram Damascus

 * Rezon I (c. 950 BC)
 * Tabrimmon
 * Ben-Hadad I (c. 885 BCE–c. 865 BC)
 * Hadadezer (c. 865 BC–c. 842 BC)
 * Hazael (c. 842 BC–c. 804 BC)
 * Ben-Hadad III (c. 796 BC)
 * Tab-El (c. 770 BC)
 * Rezon II (c. 740 BC–732 BC)

Period of non-independence

 * to Assyria (732 BC–609 BC)
 * Ilu-Ittia (c. 8th century BC)
 * to Babylon (609 BC–539 BC)
 * to Persian Achaemenid Empire (539 BC–332 BC)
 * to Macedon (332 BC–323 BC)
 * to Antigonids (323 BC–301 BC)
 * to Ptolemaic Kingdom (301 BC–198 BC)
 * to Seleucids (198 BC–167 BC)
 * to Ituraea (167 BC–110 BC) (Semi independent from Seleucids)
 * to the Decapolis (110 BC–85 BC) (Semi independent from Seleucids)
 * to Nabataea (85 BC–64 BC)
 * to the Roman Republic/Roman Empire/Byzantine Empire (64 BC–635)
 * to the Ghassanids (529–584; ?–635)

Rashidun period

 * Khalid ibn al-Walid (635–636)
 * Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrah (636–637)
 * Amr ibn al-Aas (637–640)
 * Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan (640)
 * Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan (640–661)

Umayyad period

 * Muawiyah I ibn Abu Sufyan (661–680)
 * Yazid I ibn Muawiyah (680–683)
 * Muawiya II ibn Yazid (683–684)
 * Marwan I ibn Hakam (684–685)
 * Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685–705)
 * al-Walid I ibn Abd al-Malik (705–715)
 * Suleiman ibn Abd al-Malik (715–717)
 * Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (717–720)
 * Yazid II ibn Abd al-Malik (720–724)
 * Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (724–743)
 * al-Walid II ibn Yazid II (743–744)
 * Yazid III ibn al-Walid (744)
 * Ibrahim ibn al-Walid (744)
 * Marwan II ibn Muhammad (ruled from Harran in the Jazira, 744–750)

Abbasid period

 * Abdallah ibn Ali (750–754)
 * Salih ibn Ali (754)
 * Abd al-Wahhab ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Abbasi (754–764)
 * Al-Fadl ibn Salih (766–775)
 * Abu Ja'far Harun ibn al-Mahdi (783–786)
 * Ibrahim ibn as-Salih ibn Ali (c. 785)
 * Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Imam (?–788)
 * Ibrahim ibn as-Salih ibn Ali (c. 788–791)
 * Musa ibn Isa (c. 792)
 * Musa ibn Yahya al-Barmaki (c. 792)
 * Abd al-Malik ibn Salih (793–795)
 * Ishaq ibn Isa ibn Ali (c. 795–?)
 * Shu'ayb ibn Khazim (802–803)
 * Ja'far ibn Yahya (803)
 * Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad (803–804)
 * Sulayman ibn al-Mansur (804–805)
 * Yahya ibn Mu'adh ibn Muslim (c. 806)
 * Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba (807–809)
 * Mansur ibn Muhammad al-Mahdi (809–810)
 * Ahmad ibn Sa'id al-Harashi (810)
 * Sulayman ibn al-Mansur (810)
 * Muhammad ibn Salih ibn Bayhas (813–823 or 824/825)
 * Ma'yuf ibn Yahya ibn Ma'yuf al-Hamdani or Sadaqa ibn Uthman al-Murri (appointed by viceroy Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani) (825–?)
 * Abu Ishaq Muhammad ibn Harun al-Rashid (c. 828)
 * Dinar ibn Abd Allah (c. 839)
 * Muhammed ibn al-Jahm  al-Sami (c. 839)
 * Musa ibn Ibrahim al Rafiqi (c. 842)
 * Rija ibn Ayyub al-Hadari (841–847)
 * Malik ibn Tawk (847–850)
 * Ibrahim al-Mu'ayyad ibn al-Mutawakkil (850–855)
 * al-Fath ibn Hakan al-Turki (856–861)
 * Yunus ibn Tarja (c. 861)
 * Isa ibn Muhammad al-Nawshari (861–866)
 * Salih ibn al-Abbasi al-Turki (c. 866)
 * Ahmad ibn Khalil al Shaybani (c. 866)
 * Yamkjur al-Turki (c. 869)
 * Asram al-Turki (c. 870)
 * Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani, rebel governor (c. 870)
 * Amajur al-Turki (870–878)


 * to Tulunid Egypt (877–904)
 * Ali ibn Amajur al-Turki (878)
 * Ahmad ibn Wasif
 * Tughj ibn Juff (896–905)


 * Abbasid restauration:
 * Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh (905–906)
 * al-Rashidi (928–931)
 * Muhammad ibn Tughj (931–935)


 * to Ikhshidid Egypt (935–969), except for:
 * Muhammad Ibn Ra'iq (939–942)
 * Muhammad ibn Yazdad al-Shahrzuri (943–945)
 * Sayf al-Dawla (briefly in 945 and 947)

Fatimid emirs

 * Abu Ali Ja'far ibn Fallah al-Kutami (970–971)


 * Qarmatian occupation of Damascus
 * Zalim ibn Mauhab al-Ukayli (973–974)
 * Jaysh ibn Muhammad (974)
 * Rayn al-Mu'izzi (974)
 * Alptakin al-Mu'izzi (975–978)
 * Qassam al-Turab (978–983)
 * Fatimid recovery of Damascus
 * Baltakin al-Turki (983)
 * Bakjur (983–991)
 * Ya'qub al-Siqlabi (991)
 * Manjutakin (993–996)
 * Sulayman ibn Fallah (996)
 * Bishara al-Ikhshidi (997–998)
 * Jaysh ibn Muhammad (998–1000)
 * Sulayman ibn Fallah (1000–1002)
 * Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Jafar (1002–1004)
 * Abu Salih Muflih al-Lihyani (1004–1009)
 * Hamid ibn Mulham (1009)
 * Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1010–1011)
 * Badr al-Attar (1011–1012)
 * Abu Abdallah al-Muzahhir (1012–1014)
 * Abd ar-Rahman ibn Ilyas (1015–1021)
 * Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1021–1023)
 * Shihab ad-Dawlah Shah Tegin (1023–1024)
 * Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1024–1028)
 * Anushtakin ad-Dizbari (1028–1041)
 * Nasir ad-Dawlah al-Hamdani (1041–1048)
 * Baha ad-Dawlah Takiq al-Saklabi (1048–1049)
 * Rifq al-Khadim (1049)
 * Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawlah (1049–1058)
 * Makin ad-Dawlah Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn 'Ali (1058)
 * Nasir ad-Dawlah al-Hamdani (1058–1060)
 * Sebuq Tegin (1060)
 * Muwaffaq ad-Dawlah Jauhar al-Mustansiri (1060–1061)
 * Hasam ad-Dawlah ibn al-Bachinaki (1061)
 * Uddat ad-Dawlah ibn al-Husein (1061)
 * Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawla (1061–1063)
 * Badr al-Jamali (1063)
 * Hisn ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Mansur (1063–1067)
 * Qutb ad-Din Baris Tegin (1068–1069)
 * Hisn ad-Dawlah Mualla al-Kitami (1069–1071)
 * Zain ad-Dawlah Intisar ibn Yahya al-Masmudi (1075–1076)

Seljuk emirs

 * Atsiz ibn Abaq (1076–1079)
 * Tutush I (1079–1095)
 * Duqaq, son of Tutush I (1095–1104)
 * Tutush II, son of Duqaq (1104)
 * Irtash, son of Tutush I (1104)

Burid emirs

 * Toghtekin (1104–1128)
 * Taj al-Muluk Buri (1128–1132)
 * Shams al-Mulk Isma'il (1132–1135)
 * Shihab ad-Din Mahmud (1135–1139)
 * Jamal ad-Din Muhammad (1139–1140)
 * Mu'in ad-Din Unur (Regent, 1140–1149)
 * Mujir ad-Din Abaq (1140–1154)

Zengid atabegs

 * Nur ad-Din Mahmud (1154–1174)
 * As-Salih Ismail al-Malik (1174)

Ayyubid emirs (some were also sultans of Egypt)

 * Saladin (1174–1186)
 * Al-Afdal (1186–1196), Son of Saladin
 * Al-Adil I (1196–1218)
 * Al-Mu'azzam (1218–1227)
 * An-Nasir Dawud (1227–1229)
 * Al-Ashraf (1229–1237)
 * As-Salih Ismail (1237)
 * Al-Kamil (1237–1238)
 * Al-Adil II (1238–1239)
 * As-Salih Ayyub (1239)
 * As-Salih Ismail (1239–1245)
 * As-Salih Ayyub (1245–1249)
 * Al-Muazzam Turanshah (1249–1250)
 * An-Nasir Yusuf (1250–1260)

Mamluk na'ibs

 * Sanjar as-Salihi (August/September 1260–October 1260)
 * Taybars al-Waziri (October 1260–1264)
 * Aqqush as-Salihi (1264–)
 * Sunqur al-Ashqar (1279–1280)
 * Lajin al-Ashqar (1280–?)
 * Aqush Bey (c. 1290s)
 * Izz ad-Din Aybak (?–1296)
 * Shuja ad-Din Adirlu (1296–1297)
 * Sayf ad-Din Kipchak (1297–1299)
 * Aqqush al-Afram (1299–1309)
 * Sayf ad-Din Tanqiz as-Nasiri (1312–1340)
 * Yilbugha an-Nasiri (1340–1350)
 * Sayf ad-Din Manjak (1350)
 * Tash Timur (c. 1380)
 * Yilbugha al-Nasiri (?–1393)
 * Sayf ad-Din Tanibak (1393–1399)
 * Sudun (1399–1400)
 * occupied by Timur (1400–1401)
 * Taghribirdi az-Zahiri (1401–?)
 * Sayf ad-Din Jaqmaq (1418–1420)
 * Kijmas (c. 1470s)
 * Ghazali Arab (c. 16th century)
 * Sibai (c. 16th century)
 * Shihab ad-Din Ahmad (1516–1517)
 * Janbirdi al-Ghazali (1518–1521)

Ottoman walis

 * Yunus Pasha (c. 1516)
 * Janbirdi al-Ghazali (1518–1521)
 * Ayas Mehmed Pasha (1521–1522)
 * Ferhad Pasha (1522–1523)
 * Hurram Pasha (1523–1525)
 * Sulayman Pasha al-Tawashi (1525–1526)
 * Lutf Pasha (1526–1528)
 * Isa Bey Pasha Chenderli (1528–1531)
 * Mustafa Ablaq Pasha (1531–1534)
 * Lutf Pasha (1534–1535)
 * Isa Bey Pasha Chenderli (1535)
 * Muhammad Kuzal Pasha (1536–1537)
 * Topal Sulayman Pasha (1537–1538)
 * Ahmed Pasha I (1538–1539)
 * Qese Husrau Pasha (1539–1541)
 * Isa Pasha (1541–1543)
 * Piri Pasha (1543–1545)
 * Sinan Pasha al-Tuwashi (1545–1548)
 * Piri Pasha (1550–1551)
 * Muhammad Pasha Bartaki (1551–1552)
 * Şemsi Pasha (1552–1555)
 * Hizr Pasha (1555–1561)
 * Ali Pasha Lankun (1561–1563)
 * Khusrau Pasha I (1563)
 * Lala Mustafa Pasha (1563–1569)
 * Murad Pasha Shaitan (1569)
 * Ali Pasha Lankun (1569–1570)
 * Haji Ahmed Pasha (1570–1571)
 * Darwish Pasha (1571–1574)
 * Lala Jafar Pasha (1574–1575)
 * Murad Pasha (1575–1577)
 * Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha (1577–1581)
 * Bahram Pasha (1581–1582)
 * Hüseyin Pasha Boljanić (1582–1583)
 * Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha (1583)
 * Qubad Sulayman Pasha (1584)
 * Üveys Pasha (1584–1585)
 * Elvendoglu Ali Pasha (October 1585–1586)
 * Üveys Pasha (1586–1587)
 * Muhammad Pasha Farhad (1587–1588)
 * Üveys Pasha (1588–1589)
 * Elwanzade Ali Pasha (1589–1590)
 * Koca Sinan Pasha (1590)
 * Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha (1590–1591)
 * Mustafa Pasha I (1591–1592)
 * Khalil Pasha (1592–1593)
 * Qachirji Mohammad Pasha (1593–1594)
 * Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha (1594)
 * Kuyucu Murad Pasha (1594–1595)
 * Khusrau Pasha II (1595–1596)
 * Razia Hutunzade Mustafa Pasha (1596–1597)
 * Yusuf Sinan Pasha (1597–1598)
 * Ahmed Pasha II (1598)
 * Ahmed Pasha III (1598)
 * Khusrau Pasha II (1599)
 * Emir Mehmed Pasha (1599–1600)
 * Osman Pasha (1601–1603)
 * Farhad Pasha Bustanji (1603–1604)
 * Mustafa Pasha II (1604–1607)
 * Mahmud Pasha (1607–1608)
 * Sufi Sinan Pasha (1608–1609)
 * Ahmad al-Hafiz (1609–1615)
 * Silihdar Mehmed Pasha (1615–1618)
 * Ahmad al-Hafiz (1618–1619)
 * Mustafa Pasha III (1619–1620)
 * Sulayman Pasha I (1620–1621)
 * Murtaza Pasha Bustanji (1621–1622)
 * Mehmed Pasha Rushand (1622–1623)
 * Mustafa Pasha al-Hannaq (1623–1624)
 * Nigdeli Mustafa Pasha (1624–1625)
 * Gurju Mehmed Pasha I (1625–1626)
 * Tayar Oglu Mehmed Pasha (1626–1628)
 * Küçük Ahmed Pasha (1628–1629)
 * Mustafa Pasha IV (1629–1630)
 * Nawaya Mehmed Pasha (1630–1631)
 * Ilyas Pasha (1632–1633)
 * Deli Yusuf Pasha (1633–1635)
 * Küçük Ahmed Pasha (1635–1636)
 * Dervish Mehmed Pasha (1636–1638)
 * Mustafa Pasha IV (1638–1639)
 * Chifteli Othman Pasha (1639–1640)
 * Mehmed Pasha I (1640–1641)
 * Serji Ahmed Pasha (1641–1642)
 * Melik Ahmed Pasha (1642–1643)
 * Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha (1643)
 * Silihdar Yusuf Pasha (1643–1644)
 * Gurju Mehmed Pasha II (1644–1645)
 * Ibrahim Pasha I (1645)
 * Mehmed Pasha Salami (1645–1646)
 * Gürcê Mehmed (1646)
 * Silahdar Yusuf Pasha (1646–1647)
 * Sufi Murteza Pasha (1647)
 * Sofu Mehmed Pasha (1648)
 * Ibşir Mustafa Pasha (1649)
 * Mehmed Pasha II (1649–1650)
 * Silahdar Murtaza Pasha (1650)
 * Sivaslı Mustafa Pasha (1650)
 * Haseki Mehmed Pasha (1650–1652)
 * Defterzade Mehmed Pasha (1653–1655)
 * Kara Murat Pasha (1655; died before taking office)
 * Haseki Mehmed Pasha (1656)
 * Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha (1659–1661)
 * Sulayman Pasha II (1661–1663)
 * Ribleli Mustafa Pasha (1663–1665)
 * Salih Pasha I (1665–1666)
 * Qara Mustafa Pasha (1666–1667)
 * Mehmed Pasha Chewish Oglu (1667–1669)
 * Ibrahim Pasha Shaytan (1669–1671)
 * Abazekh Husein Pasha (1671–1672)
 * Qara Mehmed Pasha (1672–1673)
 * Ibrahim Pasha Shushman (1673–1674)
 * Qer Husein Pasha (1674–1675)
 * Ibrahim Pasha II (1675–1676)
 * Bosniak Osman Pasha (1676–1679)
 * Abazekh Husein Pasha (1679–1683)
 * Ibrahim Pasha III (1684)
 * Bosniak Osman Pasha (1684–1685)
 * Kaplan Pasha (1686–1687)
 * Arap Salih Pasha (1687–1688)
 * Hamza Pasha (1688–1689)
 * Bozoklu Mustafa Pasha (1690)
 * Murtaza Pasha (1690–1691)
 * Gurju Mehmed Pasha III (1691–1692)
 * Çelebi Ismail Pasha (1692–1693)
 * Ibshir Mustafa Pasha (1693–1694)
 * Silihdar Osman Pasha (1695–1696)
 * Silihdar Buuqli Mustafa Pasha (1696–1697)
 * Ahmad Pasha Hacigirai (1697–1698)
 * Silihdar Husein Pasha (1699)
 * Silihdar Hasan Pasha (1700)
 * Arslan Mehmed Pasha Matracyoghlu (1701)
 * Salih Agha (1702)
 * Mehmed Pasha Kurd-Bayram (1702–1703)
 * Osman Pasha Arnavud (1703)
 * Arslan Mehmed Pasha Matracyoghlu (1703–1704)
 * Defterdar Mustafa Pasha (1704)
 * Firari Hüseyin Pasha (1704–1705)
 * Mehmed Pasha Kurd-Bayram (1705–1706)
 * Baltacı Süleyman Pasha (1706–1707)
 * Yusuf Pasha Qapudan (1707–1708)
 * Nasuh Pasha al-Aydini (1708–1714)
 * Topal Yusuf Pasha (1714–1716)
 * Kapudan Ibrahim Pasha (1716–1717)
 * Köprülü Abdullah Pasha (1717–1718)
 * Recep Pasha (1718–1719)
 * Çerkes Osman Pasha Abu Tawq (1719–1721)
 * Ali Pasha Maqtuloğlu (1721–1723)
 * Çerkes Osman Pasha Abu Tawq (1723–1725)
 * Ismail Pasha al-Azm (1725–November/December 1730)
 * Muhsinzâde Abdullah Pasha (November/December 1730–December 1730)
 * Ayndınlı Abdullah Pasha (December 1730–1734)
 * Sulayman Pasha al-Azm (1734–1738)
 * Hüseyin Pasha Bostancı (1738–1739)
 * Muhassıl Osman Pasha (1739–1740)
 * Abdî Pashazâde Ali Pasha (1740–1741)
 * Sulayman Pasha al-Azm (1741–1743)
 * As'ad Pasha al-Azm (1743–1757)
 * Husayn Pasha ibn Makki (1757–1758)
 * Çeteci Abdullah Pasha (1758–1759)
 * Muhammad Pasha al-Shalik (1759–1760)
 * Uthman Pasha al-Kurji (1760–1771)
 * Muhammad Pasha al-Azm (1771–1772)
 * Hafiz Mustafa Pasha Bustanji (1773–1783)
 * Mehmed Pasha al-Kurji (1783)
 * Darwish Pasha al-Kurji (1783–1784)
 * Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (1784–1786)
 * Husayn Pasha Battal (1786–1787)
 * Abdi Pasha (1787–1788)
 * Ibrahim Pasha al-Dalati (1788–1789)
 * Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (1790–1795)
 * Abdullah Pasha al-Azm (1795–1798)
 * Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (1798–1799)
 * Abdullah Pasha al-Azm (1799–1803)
 * Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (1803–1804)
 * Abdullah Pasha al-Azm (1804–1807)
 * Kunj Yusuf Pasha (1807–1810)
 * Sulayman Pasha al-Adil (1810–1812)
 * Silahdar Süleyman Pasha (February 1812–May 1816)
 * Sulayman Pasha al-Adil (1816; interim)
 * Hafiz Amasyali Ali Pasha (1816–March 1817)
 * Salih Pasha (March 1817–1817)
 * Izmirli Süleyman Pasha (1817–1819)
 * Dervish Mehmed Pasha (1819–1822)
 * Beylanli Mustafa Pasha (June 1822–April 1823)
 * Salih Pasha (April 1823–January 1824)
 * Muftizade Ahmed Pasha (1824–May 1824)
 * Haci Veliyeddin Pasha (1825–1826)
 * Hakki Ismail Pasha (October 1826–1827)
 * Izmirli Haci Salih Pasha (1827–1828)
 * Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1828–1831)
 * Mehmed Selim Pasha (1831–1832)
 * to Egypt, autonomous from the Ottoman Empire
 * Ahmed Bey (1831–1832)
 * Ibrahim Pasha (1832)
 * Muhammad Sharif Pasha al-Kabir (1832–1838)
 * vacant (1838–1840)
 * Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1840–1841)
 * Mehmed Reshid Pasha (1841–1844)
 * Mehmed Namık Pasha (1845–1846)
 * Riza Pasha (1845–1846)
 * Musa Sefveti Pasha (1846)
 * Namiq Pasha (1848)
 * Mehmed Namık Pasha (1848–1850)
 * Osman Pasha Said Pasha (1850–1852)
 * Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1852)
 * Açaf Pasha (1852–1854)
 * Arif Mehmed Pasha (1854–1855)
 * Mehmed Namık Pasha (1855)
 * Mahmud Nedim Pasha (1855–1857)
 * Izzet Ahmed Pasha (1857)
 * Ali Pasha II (1858)
 * Mu'amer Pasha (1860)
 * Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1860–1861)
 * Ahmed Pasha IV (1861)
 * Emin Muhlis Pasha (1861–1862)
 * Mehmed Reshid Pasha (1862–1864)
 * Müterçim Mehmed Rüstü Pasha (1864–1865)
 * Reshid Pasha (1865–1871)
 * Subhi Pasha (1871–1873)
 * Sherif Mehmed Re'uf Pasha (1873–1874)
 * Esad Pasha (1874–1875)
 * Ahmed Hamdi Pasha (1875–1876)
 * Ahmed Pasha V (1876–1877)
 * Küçük Ömer Fevzi Pasha (1877–1878)
 * Midhat Pasha (13 November 1878–1 August 1880)
 * Hamdi Pasha (1880–1885)
 * Rashid Nashid Pasha (1885–1888)
 * Manastirli Mehmed Nazif Pasha (1888–1889)
 * Mustafa Asim Pasha (1889–1891)
 * Topal Osman Nuri Pasha (1891–1892)
 * Sherif Mehmed Rauf Pasha (1892–1894)
 * Haçi Osman Nuri Pasha (1894–1895)
 * Hasan Pasha II (1896–1897)
 * Hüseyin Nâzım Pasha (1897–1906)
 * Shukri Pasha (1906–1909)
 * Ismail Fazil Bey (1909–1911)
 * Ismail Ghalib Bey (1911–1912)
 * Kiazim Pasha (1912–1913)
 * Arif Bey (1913)
 * Mehmed Arif Bey Mardin (1914)
 * Jamal Pasha (1915)
 * Azmi Pasha (1915–1916)
 * Tahsin Bey (1916–1918)
 * Mehmed Gabriel Pasha (1918)
 * Shukri Pasha (October 1–2, 1918)

Arab Kingdom of Syria

 * Faisal (1918–1920)

Capital of Syria

 * French Syria (1920–1946)
 * Republic of Syria (1946–1958)
 * United Arab Republic (1958–1961)
 * Syrian Arab Republic (1961–present)