List of the vascular plants of the Falkland Islands

The flora of the Falkland Islands comprises 178 native species (marked * in the list below), 219 non-native species ('†') and 6 of uncertain status. Thirteen species (marked in bold) are endemic to the islands, and two – Gamochaeta malvinensis and Polystichum mohrioides – are near-endemics, being also found on other nearby islands.

Ferns and fern allies

 * Huperzia fuegiana, fir clubmoss*
 * Lycopodium confertum, creeping clubmoss*
 * Lycopodium magellanicum, common clubmoss*
 * Ophioglossum crotalophoroides, adder's-tongue*
 * Equisetum arvense, field horsetail†
 * Adiantum chilense, maidenhair-fern*
 * Asplenium dareoides, spleenwort*
 * Asplenium scolopendrium, hart's-tongue fern
 * Blechnum magellanicum, tall-fern*
 * Blechnum penna-marina, small-fern*
 * Botrychium dusenii, Dusen's moonwort*
 * Cystopteris fragilis, brittle bladder-fern*
 * Dryopteris dilatata, broad buckler-fern†
 * Dryopteris filix-mas, male-fern†
 * Grammitis poeppigiana, strap-fern*
 * Hymenophyllum caespitosum, red-haired filmy-fern*
 * Hymenophyllum darwinii, Darwin's filmy-fern*
 * Hymenophyllum falklandicum, Falkland filmy-fern*
 * Hymenophyllum tortuosum, twisted filmy-fern*
 * Hypolepis poeppigii, bramble-fern*
 * Parablechnum cordatum, Chilean tall-fern*
 * Polystichum mohrioides, shield-fern*
 * Rumohra adiantiformis, leathery shield-fern*
 * Schizaea fistulosa, comb fern*
 * Sticherus cryptocarpa, coral-fern*

Gymnosperms

 * Cupressus macrocarpa, Monterey cypress†
 * Picea sitchensis, Sitka spruce†
 * Pinus contorta, lodgepole pine†
 * Pinus echinata, shortleaf pine†
 * Pinus muricata, bishop pine†
 * Pinus nigra, Austrian pine†
 * Pinus radiata, Monterey pine†
 * Pinus sylvestris, Scots pine†

Ranunculales

 * Berberidaceae
 * Berberis microphylla, calafate†
 * Papaveraceae
 * Fumaria muralis, common ramping-fumitory†
 * Papaver dubium subsp. dubium, long-headed poppy†
 * Papaver dubium subsp. lecoqii, yellow-juiced poppy†
 * Ranunculaceae
 * Hamadryas argentea, silvery buttercup*
 * Psychrophila appendiculata, dwarf marigold*
 * Psychrophila sagittata, arrow-leaved marigold*
 * Ranunculus acaulis, Skottsberg's buttercup*
 * Ranunculus biternatus, Antarctic buttercup*
 * Ranunculus hydrophilus, marsh buttercup*
 * Ranunculus maclovianus, Falkland buttercup*
 * Ranunculus pseudotrullifolius, false ladle-leaved buttercup*
 * Ranunculus repens, creeping buttercup†
 * Ranunculus sceleratus, celery-leaved buttercup†
 * Ranunculus sericocephalus, silky buttercup*
 * Ranunculus trullifolius, ladle-leaved buttercup*

Gunnerales

 * Gunnera magellanica, pigvine*

Saxifragales

 * Crassulaceae
 * Crassula moschata,* stonecrop*
 * Sedum acre, biting stonecrop†
 * Sedum forsterianum, rock stonecrop†
 * Grossulariaceae
 * Ribes magellanicum, Magellanic currant†
 * Ribes nigrum, black currant†
 * Ribes rubrum, red currant†
 * Ribes uva-crispa, gooseberry†
 * Haloragaceae
 * Myriophyllum quitense, water-milfoil*
 * Saxifragaceae
 * Saxifraga magellanica, saxifrage*
 * Saxifraga × urbium, London pride†

Fabales

 * Cytisus scoparius, broom†
 * Glycyrrhiza astragalina,†
 * Lotus corniculatus, bird's-foot-trefoil†
 * Lotus pedunculatus, greater bird's-foot-trefoil†
 * Lupinus arboreus, tree lupin†
 * Medicago sativa, lucerne†
 * Trifolium arvense, hare's-foot clover†
 * Trifolium aureum, golden clover†
 * Trifolium dubium, lesser trefoil†
 * Trifolium fragiferum, strawberry clover†
 * Trifolium hybridum, alsike clover†
 * Trifolium pratense, red clover†
 * Trifolium repens, white clover†
 * Trifolium striatum, knotted clover†
 * Ulex europaeus, gorse†
 * Ulex gallii, western gorse†
 * Vicia cracca, tufted vetch†
 * Vicia sativa, common vetch†
 * Vicia sepium, bush vetch†

Rosales

 * Rosaceae
 * Acaena antarctica, Antarctic prickly-burr*
 * Acaena lucida,* yarrow*
 * Acaena magellanica, prickly-burr*
 * Acaena ovalifolia, oval-leaved prickly-burr*
 * Acaena pumila, dwarf prickly-burr*
 * Aphanes arvensis, parsley-piert†
 * Malus domestica, apple†
 * Potentilla anserina, silverweed†
 * Prunus domestica, plum†
 * Rosa canina, dog-rose†
 * Rosa rubiginosa, sweet-briar†
 * Rosa rugosa, Japanese rose†
 * Rubus geoides, Falkland strawberry*
 * Rubus idaeus, raspberry†
 * Sorbus aria, whitebeam†
 * Sorbus aucuparia, rowan†
 * Urticaceae
 * Urtica urens, annual stinging-nettle†

Fagales

 * Castanea sativa, sweet chestnut†
 * Nothofagus betuloides, southern beech†
 * Quercus robur, pedunculate oak†

Celastrales

 * Maytenus magellanica, pickwood†

Oxalidales

 * Oxalis enneaphylla, scurvygrass*

Malpighiales

 * Elatinaceae
 * Elatine triandra, waterwort*
 * Euphorbiaceae
 * Euphorbia peplus, petty spurge†
 * Salicaceae
 * Populus × canescens, grey poplar†
 * Salix cinerea, grey willow†
 * Salix gmelinii, Gmelin's willow†
 * Salix viminalis, osier†
 * Salix × rubra, green-leaved willow†
 * Violaceae
 * Viola arvensis, field pansy†
 * Viola maculata, common violet*
 * Viola magellanica, Fuegian violet*
 * Viola tricolor, heartsease / wild pansy†
 * Viola tridentata, mountain violet*
 * Viola × wittrockiana, pansy†

Geraniales

 * Erodium cicutarium, common storks-bill†
 * Geranium molle, dove's-foot crane's-bill†
 * Geranium pusillum, small-flowered crane's-bill†
 * Geranium robertianum, herb robert†

Myrtales

 * Myrtaceae
 * Eucalyptus gunnii, cider gum†
 * Myrteola nummularia, teaberry*
 * Onagraceae
 * Epilobium ciliatum, American willowherb†
 * Epilobium obscurum, short-fruited willowherb†
 * Fuchsia 'Corallina', large-flowered fuchsia†
 * Fuchsia magellanica, fuchsia†

Malvales

 * Sidalcea malviflora, Greek mallow†
 * Drapetes muscosus, drapetes*

Brassicales

 * Armoracia rusticana, horseradish†
 * Brassica napus, swede†
 * Brassica oleracea, cabbage†
 * Brassica rapa, turnip†
 * Capsella bursa-pastoris, shepherd's-purse†
 * Cardamine glacialis, bitter-cress*
 * Cardamine hirsuta, hairy bitter-cress†
 * Cochlearia officinalis, English scurvygrass†
 * Draba funiculosa, whitlowgrass*
 * Draba magellanica, Fuegian whitlowgrass*
 * Erophila verna, introduced whitlowgrass†
 * Hesperis matronalis, dame's-violet†
 * Lepidium didymum, lesser swine-cress*
 * Nasturtium officinale, water-cress†
 * Phlebolobium maclovianum, Falkland rock-cress*

Santalales

 * Nanodea muscosa, foxberry*

Caryophyllales

 * Amaranthaceae
 * Atriplex patula, common orache†
 * Atriplex prostrata, spear-leaved orache†
 * Chenopodium macrospermum, goosefoot*
 * Suaeda argentinensis, shrubby seablite*
 * Caryophyllaceae
 * Cerastium arvense, field mouse-ear*
 * Cerastium fontanum, common mouse-ear†
 * Cerastium glomeratum, sticky mouse-ear†
 * Colobanthus quitensis, Andean pearlwort*
 * Colobanthus subulatus, emerald-bog*
 * Sagina filicaulis, annual pearlwort†
 * Sagina procumbens, procumbent pearlwort†
 * Silene latifolia, white campion†
 * Silene uniflora, bladder campion†
 * Spergula arvensis, corn spurrey†
 * Spergularia marina, lesser sea-spurrey*
 * Stellaria alsine, bog stitchwort†
 * Stellaria debilis,* stitchwort*
 * Stellaria graminea, lesser stitchwort†
 * Stellaria media, chickweed†
 * Droseraceae
 * Drosera uniflora, sundew*
 * Montiaceae
 * Calandrinia nitida,*
 * Claytonia perfoliata, spring beauty†
 * Montia fontana, blinks*
 * Plumbaginaceae
 * Armeria maritima, thrift*
 * Polygonaceae
 * Polygonum aviculare, knotgrass†
 * Polygonum maritimum, sea knotgrass*
 * Rheum × hybridum, rhubarb†
 * Rumex acetosa, sorrel†
 * Rumex acetosella subsp. acetosella, sheep's sorrel†
 * Rumex acetosella subsp. pyrenaicus, round-seeded sheep's sorrel†
 * Rumex crispus, curled dock†
 * Rumex hydrolapathum, water dock†
 * Rumex longifolius, northern dock†
 * Rumex magellanicus, southern dock*
 * Rumex obtusifolius, broad-leaved dock†

Ericales

 * Ericaceae
 * Calluna vulgaris, heather†
 * Empetrum rubrum, diddle-dee*
 * Gaultheria antarctica, Antarctic mountainberry*
 * Gaultheria antarctica × pumila, mountainberry hybrid*
 * Gaultheria pumila, mountainberry*
 * Primulaceae
 * Anagallis alternifolia, pimpernel*
 * Primula magellanica, dusty miller*
 * Samolus repens, shore pimpernel*

Gentianales

 * Gentianaceae
 * Centaurium pulchellum, lesser centaury†
 * Gentianella magellanica, felwort*
 * Rubiaceae
 * Galium antarcticum, Antarctic bedstraw*
 * Galium aparine, cleavers†
 * Galium saxatile, heath bedstraw†
 * Nertera granadensis, beadplant*

Boraginaceae

 * Myosotis arvensis, field forget-me-not†
 * Myosotis discolor, changing forget-me-not†
 * Myosotis ramosissima, early forget-me-not†

Solanales

 * Solanum tuberosum, potato†

Lamiales

 * Calceolariaceae
 * Calceolaria biflora, yellow lady's slipper*
 * Calceolaria fothergillii, lady's slipper*
 * Callitrichaceae
 * Callitriche antarctica, water-starwort*
 * Lamiaceae
 * Lamium amplexicaule, henbit dead-nettle†
 * Lamium hybridum, cut-leaved dead-nettle†
 * Lamium purpureum, red dead-nettle†
 * Mentha spicata, spearmint†
 * Mentha × piperita, peppermint†
 * Mentha × villosa, apple-mint†
 * Prunella vulgaris, selfheal†
 * Scutellaria nummulariifolia, skullcap*
 * Orobanchaceae
 * Euphrasia antarctica, eyebright*
 * Euphrasia confusa, European eyebright†
 * Parentucellia viscosa, yellow bartsia†
 * Plantaginaceae
 * Littorella australis, shoreweed*
 * Plantago barbata, thrift plantain*
 * Plantago coronopus, buck's-horn plantain†
 * Plantago lanceolata, ribwort plantain†
 * Plantago major, greater plantain†
 * Plantago maritima, sea plantain*
 * Plantago media, hoary plantain†
 * Plantago moorei, Moore's plantain*
 * Scrophulariaceae
 * Limosella australis, southern mudwort*
 * Veronicaceae
 * Digitalis purpurea, foxglove†
 * Veronica agrestis, green field speedwell†
 * Veronica arvensis, wall speedwell†
 * Veronica elliptica,* boxwood*
 * Veronica officinalis, heath speedwell†
 * Veronica serpyllifolia, thyme-leaved speedwell†
 * Veronica × franciscana, hybrid boxwood†

Asterales

 * Asteraceae
 * Abrotanella emarginata, notched moss-bog*
 * Achillea millefolium, yarrow†
 * Agoseris coronopifolium, Fuegian hawks-beard*
 * Anthemis punctata, Sicilian chamomile†
 * Baccharis magellanica, Christmas-bush*
 * Bellis perennis, daisy†
 * Chevreulia lycopodioides, clubmoss cudweed*
 * Chiliotrichum diffusum, fachine*
 * Cichorium intybus, chicory†
 * Cirsium arvense, creeping thistle†
 * Cirsium vulgare, spear thistle†
 * Crepis capillaris, smooth hawks-beard†
 * Erigeron incertus, hairy daisy*
 * Gamochaeta americana, American cudweed*
 * Gamochaeta antarctica, Antarctic cudweed*
 * Gamochaeta malvinensis, Falkland cudweed*
 * Gamochaeta spiciformis, spiked cudweed*
 * Gnaphalium luteoalbum, Jersey cudweed†
 * Hieracium antarcticum, Antarctic hawkweed*
 * Hieracium patagonicum, Patagonian hawkweed*
 * Hypochaeris arenaria, sand cat's-ear*
 * Hypochaeris radicata, common cat's-ear†
 * Lagenophora nudicaulis, dwarf daisy*
 * Leontodon hispidus, rough hawkbit†
 * Leptinella scariosa, buttonweed*
 * Leucanthemum vulgare, oxeye daisy†
 * Leucanthemum × superbum, Shasta daisy†
 * Leucheria suaveolens, vanilla daisy*
 * Matricaria discoidea, pineappleweed†
 * Nassauvia gaudichaudii, coastal nassauvia*
 * Nassauvia serpens, snakeplant*
 * Perezia recurvata, Falkland lavender*
 * Pilosella aurantiaca, orange hawkweed, fox-and-cubs†
 * Pilosella officinarum, mouse-ear-hawkweed†
 * Senecio candidans, sea cabbage*
 * Senecio falklandicus, woolly Falkland daisy*
 * Senecio jacobaea, European ragwort†
 * Senecio squalidus, Oxford ragwort†
 * Senecio sylvaticus, heath groundsel†
 * Senecio vaginatus, smooth Falkland daisy*
 * Senecio vulgaris, groundsel†
 * Sonchus asper, prickly sow-thistle†
 * Sonchus oleraceus, smooth sow-thistle†
 * Symphyotrichum vahlii, marsh daisy*
 * Tanacetum parthenium cv. 'Aureum', golden feverfew†
 * Tanacetum vulgare, tansy†
 * Taraxacum gilliesii, Gillie's dandelion*
 * Taraxacum officinale, dandelion†
 * Tripleurospermum maritimum, scentless mayweed†
 * Tussilago farfara, colt's foot†
 * Nastanthus falklandicus, false-plantain*
 * Calyceraceae
 * Lobelia pratiana, berry-lobelia*

Dipsacales

 * Caprifoliaceae
 * Lonicera periclymenum, honeysuckle†
 * Sambucus nigra cv. 'Marginata', variegated elder†
 * Sambucus nigra f. laciniata, cut-leaved elder†
 * Sambucus nigra f. nigra, elder†
 * Valerianaceae
 * Valeriana sedifolia, valerian-bog*
 * Valerianella locusta, lamb's lettuce†

Apiales

 * Apiaceae
 * Anthriscus sylvestris, cow parsley†
 * Apium australe, wild celery*
 * Azorella filamentosa, wiry azorella*
 * Azorella lycopodioides, clubmoss azorella*
 * Azorella monantha, tufted azorella*
 * Azorella selago, cushion azorella*
 * Bolax gummifera, balsam-bog*
 * Conium maculatum, hemlock†
 * Heracleum sphondylium, hogweed†
 * Levisticum officinale, lovage†
 * Lilaeopsis macloviana, lilaeopsis*
 * Oreomyrrhis hookeri, Hooker's sweet cicely*
 * Schizeilema ranunculus, buttercup-parsley*
 * Araliaceae
 * Hedera helix, ivy†
 * Hydrocotylaceae
 * Hydrocotyle chamaemorus, marsh pennywort*

Alismatales

 * Juncaginaceae
 * Tetroncium magellanicum, arrowgrass*
 * Potamogetonaceae
 * Potamogeton linguatus,* pondweed*
 * Ruppiaceae
 * Ruppia filifolia, tasselweed*

Liliales

 * Alstroemeriaceae
 * Luzuriaga marginata, almond-flower*
 * Corsiaceae
 * Arachnitis uniflora, spider-flower*

Asparagales

 * Alliaceae
 * Allium schoenoprasum, chives†
 * Allium triquetrum, three-cornered garlic†
 * Narcissus pseudonarcissus, daffodil – Alliaceae
 * Narcissus sp., daffodil†
 * Asparagaceae
 * Hyacinthoides non-scripta, English bluebell†
 * Hyacinthoides × massartiana, hybrid bluebell†
 * Asteliaceae
 * Astelia pumila, soft-camp-bog*
 * Olsynium filifolium, pale maiden*
 * Iridaceae
 * Sisyrinchium chilense, yellow maiden*
 * Orchidaceae
 * Chloraea fonkii, Gaudichaud's orchid*
 * Codonorchis lessonii, dog orchid*
 * Gavilea australis, pale yellow orchid*
 * Gavilea littoralis, yellow orchid*
 * Xanthorrhoeaceae
 * Phormium tenax, New Zealand flax†

Poales

 * Centrolepidaceae
 * Gaimardia australis, gaimardia*
 * Cyperaceae
 * Carex acaulis, small dusky sedge*
 * Carex aematorrhyncha, blood-beak sedge*
 * Carex banksii, Banks' sedge*
 * Carex caduca, caducous sedge*
 * Carex canescens, white sedge*
 * Carex decidua, creek sedge*
 * Carex flacca, glaucous sedge†
 * Carex fuscula, dusky sedge*
 * Carex macloviana, Falkland sedge*
 * Carex magellanica, fuegian sedge*
 * Carex microglochin, bristle sedge*
 * Carex sagei, Sage's sedge*
 * Carex trifida, sword-grass*
 * Carex vallis-pulchrae, marsh sedge*
 * Eleocharis melanostachys, spike-rush*
 * Isolepis cernua, nodding club-rush*
 * Oreobolus obtusangulus, oreob / prickly-bog*
 * Schoenoplectus californicus, California club-rush*
 * Uncinia kingii, king's hook-sedge*
 * Uncinia macloviana, hook-sedge*
 * Juncaceae
 * Juncus articulatus, jointed rush†
 * Juncus bufonius, toad rush†
 * Juncus effusus, soft rush†
 * Juncus scheuchzerioides,* rush*
 * Luzula alopecurus,* wood-rush*
 * Luzula campestris, field wood-rush†
 * Luzula multiflora subsp. congesta, dense-headed heath wood-rush†
 * Luzula multiflora subsp. multiflora, heath wood-rush†
 * Marsippospermum grandiflorum, tall rush*
 * Rostkovia magellanica, short rush / brown rush*
 * Poaceae
 * Agrostis capillaris, common bent†
 * Agrostis magellanica, Fuegian bent*
 * Agrostis meyenii, Meyen's bent*
 * Agrostis stolonifera, creeping bent†
 * Aira caryophyllea, silver hair-grass†
 * Aira praecox, early hair-grass†
 * Alopecurus geniculatus, marsh foxtail†
 * Alopecurus magellanicus, Fuegian foxtail*
 * Ammophila arenaria, marram†
 * Anthoxanthum odoratum, sweet vernal-grass†
 * Arrhenatherum elatius, false oat-grass†
 * Avena sativa, oat†
 * Bromus catharticus, rescue brome†
 * Bromus condensatus, upright brome†
 * Bromus hordeaceus, soft brome†
 * Bromus sterilis, barren brome†
 * Cortaderia pilosa, whitegrass*
 * Cynosurus cristatus, crested dog's-tail†
 * Dactylis glomerata, cock's-foot†
 * Deschampsia antarctica, Antarctic hair-grass*
 * Deschampsia flexuosa, wavy hair-grass*
 * Deschampsia parvula, dwarf hair-grass*
 * Elymus farctus, sand couch†
 * Elymus magellanicus, Fuegian couch*
 * Elymus repens, common couch†
 * Festuca contracta, land-tussac*
 * Festuca filiformis, fine-leaved sheep's fescue – Poaceae
 * Festuca magellanica, Fuegian fescue*
 * Festuca ovina, sheep's fescue – Poaceae
 * Festuca pratensis, meadow fescue†
 * Festuca rubra, red fescue†
 * Hierochloe redolens, cinnamon-grass*
 * Holcus lanatus, Yorkshire fog†
 * Hordeum comosum, hairy barley†
 * Hordeum jubatum, foxtail barley†
 * Hordeum murinum, wall barley†
 * Koeleria permollis, Berg's hair-grass*
 * Leymus arenarius, lyme-grass†
 * Lolium multiflorum, Italian rye-grass – Poaceae
 * Lolium perenne, perennial rye-grass†
 * Phalaris arundinacea var. arundinacea, reed canary-grass†
 * Phalaris arundinacea var. picta, gardeners-garters†
 * Phleum pratense, timothy†
 * Poa alopecurus, bluegrass*
 * Poa annua, annual meadow-grass†
 * Poa flabellata, tussac / tussac-grass*
 * Poa pratensis, smooth-stalked meadow-grass†
 * Poa robusta, shore meadow-grass*
 * Poa trivialis, rough-stalked meadow-grass†
 * Puccinellia pusilla, dwarf saltmarsh-grass*
 * Stipa neaei, feathergrass†
 * Trisetum phleoides, spiked oat-grass*
 * Trisetum spicatum, spike trisetum†
 * Triticum aestivum, wheat†
 * Vulpia bromoides, squirreltail fescue†