List of threatened mammals of Brazil

There are more than 700 species of mammals in Brazil, and according to the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation and Brazil's Ministry of the Environment, about 110 species and subspecies are threatened and one is extinct. The Brazilian definition of "threatened species" uses the same criteria and categories established by IUCN. Among the 12 mammal orders which occur in Brazil, eleven have threatened species, except Lagomorpha (which has only one species in Brazil, the Brazilian cottontail). Although the rodents have been the most diverse order of mammals, the order with most species on this list is the Primates (34 species).

This list of threatened species was published in Diário Oficial da União, on December 17, 2014. Even though some species have been removed from the list, (for instance, the humpback whale), the number of threatened species has increased in comparison with the former list (which had had 69 species). The Brazilian tapir, the white-lipped peccary, the short-eared dog and many rodents have been included in the list. Many of them are just regionally threatened. In spite of using the same criteria, ICMBio list often shows a different conservation status than IUCN. That is because the assessments were done at different times by different researchers.

Most Brazilian mammals are considered to be vulnerable. In contrast with the former list, one species is considered extinct (Vespucci's rodent) and two might be extinct in Brazil (black-shouldered opossum and candango mouse; "probably extinct" - PEx).

Order Didelphimorphia (opossums)
Family Didelphidae
 * Caluromysiops irrupta (black-shouldered opossum) - ICMBio status PEx
 * Marmosops paulensis (Brazilian slender opossum) - ICMBio status
 * Thylamys macrurus (Paraguayan fat-tailed mouse opossum) - ICMBio status
 * Thylamys velutinus (dwarf fat-tailed mouse opossum) - ICMBio status

Order Pilosa (anteaters and sloths)
Family Bradypodidae (three-toed sloths)
 * Bradypus torquatus (maned sloth) - ICMBio status

Family Myrmecophagidae (anteaters)
 * Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater) - ICMBio status

Order Cingulata (armadillos)
Family Dasypodidae
 * Priodontes maximus (giant armadillo) - ICMBio status
 * Tolypeutes tricinctus (Brazilian three-banded armadillo) - ICMBio status

Order Chiroptera (bats)
Family Furipteridae (smoky bats)
 * Furipterus horrens (thumbless bat) - ICMBio status

Family Natalidae (funnel-eared bats)
 * Natalus macrourus (Brazilian funnel-eared bat) - ICMBio status

Family Phyllostomidae (New World leaf-nosed bats)
 * Glyphonycteris behnii (Behn's bat) - ICMBio status
 * Lonchophylla aurita - ICMBio status
 * Lonchophylla dekeyseri (Dekeyser's nectar bat) - ICMBio status
 * Xeronycteris vieirai (Vieira's long-tongued bat) - ICMBio status

Family Vespertilionidae (vesper bats)
 * Eptesicus taddeii - ICMBio status

Order Primates (monkeys, marmosets, tamarins)


Family Atelidae (howlers, spider and woolly monkeys, muriquis)
 * Alouatta belzebul (red-handed howler) - ICMBio status
 * Alouatta discolor (Spix's red-handed howler) - ICMBio status
 * Alouatta guariba clamitans (southern brown howler) - ICMBio status
 * Alouatta guariba guariba (northern brown howler) - ICMBio status
 * Alouatta ululata (Maranhão red-handed howler) - ICMBio status
 * Ateles belzebuth (white-bellied spider monkey) - ICMBio status
 * Ateles chamek (Peruvian spider monkey) - ICMBio status
 * Ateles marginatus (white-cheeked spider monkey) - ICMBio status
 * Brachyteles arachnoides (southern muriqui) - ICMBio status
 * Brachyteles hypoxanthus (northern muriqui) - ICMBio status
 * Lagothrix cana cana (gray woolly monkey) - ICMBio status
 * Lagothrix lagothricha (brown woolly monkey) - ICMBio status
 * Lagothrix poeppigii (silvery woolly monkey) - ICMBio status

Famlily Callitrichidae (tamarins and marmosets)


 * Callithrix aurita (buffy-tufted marmoset) - ICMBio status
 * Callithrix flaviceps (buffy-headed marmoset) - ICMBio status
 * Leontopithecus caissara (Superagui lion tamarin) - ICMBio status
 * Leontopithecus chrysomelas (golden-headed lion tamarin) - ICMBio status
 * Leontopithecus chrysopygus (black lion tamarin) - ICMBio status
 * Leontopithecus rosalia (golden lion tamarin) - ICMBio status
 * Mico rondoni (Rondon's marmoset) - ICMBio status
 * Saguinus bicolor (pied tamarin) - ICMBio status
 * Saguinus niger (black tamarin) - ICMBio status

Family Cebidae (capuchins and squirrel monkeys)
 * Cebus kaapori (Kaapori capuchin) - ICMBio status
 * Saimiri vanzolinii (black squirrel monkey) - ICMBio status
 * Sapajus cay (Azaras's capuchin) - ICMBio status
 * Sapajus flavius (blond capuchin) - ICMBio status
 * Sapajus robustus (crested capuchin) - ICMBio status
 * Sapajus xanthosternos (golden-bellied capuchin) - ICMBio status

Family Pitheciidae (titis, saki monkeys and uakaris)
 * Cacajao hosomi (Neblina uakari) - ICMBio status
 * Callicebus barbarabrownae (Barbara Brown's titi) - ICMBio status
 * Callicebus coimbrai (Coimbra Filho's titi) - ICMBio status
 * Callicebus melanochir (coastal black-handed titi) - ICMBio status
 * Callicebus personatus (Atlantic titi) - ICMBio status
 * Chiropotes satanas (black bearded saki) - ICMBio status
 * Chiropotes utahicki (Uta Hick's bearded saki) - ICMBio status

Order Carnivora (cats, dogs and relatives)
Family Canidae (dogs)
 * Atelocynus microtis (short-eared dog) - ICMBio status
 * Chrysocyon brachyurus (maned wolf) - ICMBio status
 * Lycalopex vetulus (hoary fox) - ICMBio status
 * Speothos venaticus (bush dog) - ICMBio status

Family Mustelidae (otters)
 * Pteronura brasiliensis (giant otter) - ICMBio status

Family Felidae (cats)
 * Leopardus colocolo (colocolo) - ICMBio status
 * Leopardus geoffroyi (Geoffroy's cat) - ICMBio status
 * Leopardus guttulus (southern tigrina) - ICMBio status
 * Leopardus tigrinus (oncilla) - ICMBio status
 * Leopardus wiedii (margay) - ICMBio status
 * Puma concolor (cougar) - ICMBio status
 * Puma yagouaroundi (jaguarundi) - ICMBio status
 * Panthera onca (jaguar) - ICMBio status

Order Cetacea (whales and dolphins)
Family Balaenidae (whales)
 * Eubalaena australis (southern right whale) - ICMBio status

Family Balaenopteridae (rorquals)
 * Balaenoptera musculus (blue whale) - ICMBio status
 * Balaenoptera physalus (fin whale) - ICMBio status
 * Balaenoptera borealis (sei whale) - ICMBio status

Family Delphinidae (dolphins)
 * Sotalia guianensis (Guiana dolphin) - ICMBio status

Family Iniidae (river dolphins)
 * Inia geoffrensis (Amazon river dolphin) - ICMBio status

Family Physeteridae (sperm whales)
 * Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale) - ICMBio status

Family Pontoporiidae (river dolphins)
 * Pontoporia blainvillei (La Plata dolphin) - ICMBio status

Order Sirenia (manatees)
Family Trichechidae
 * Trichechus inunguis (Amazonian manatee) - ICMBio status
 * Trichechus manatus (West Indian manatee) - ICMBio status

Order Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)
Family Tapiridae (tapirs)
 * Tapirus terrestris (Brazilian tapir) - ICMBio status

Order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
Family Cervidae (deers)
 * Blastocerus dichotomus (marsh deer) - ICMBio status
 * Mazama bororo (small red brocket) - ICMBio status
 * Mazama nana (pygmy brocket) - ICMBio status
 * Ozotoceros bezoarticus bezoarticus (Pampas deer) - ICMBio status
 * Ozotoceros bezoarticus leucogaster (Pampas deer) - ICMBio status

Family Tayassuidae (peccaries)
 * Tayassu pecari (white-lipped peccary) - ICMBio status

Order Rodentia (rodents)
Family Caviidae (cavies)
 * Cavia intermedia (Santa Catarina's guinea pig) - ICMBio status
 * Kerodon acrobata (acrobatic cavy) - ICMBio status
 * Kerodon rupestris (rock cavy) - ICMBio status

Family Cricetidae (New World rats and mice)
 * Akodon mystax (Caparaó grass mouse) - ICMBio status
 * Cerradomys goytaca - ICMBio status
 * Euryoryzomys lamia (buffy-sided oryzomys) - ICMBio status
 * Gyldenstolpia planaltensis - ICMBio status
 * Juscelinomys candango (candango mouse) - ICMBio status PEx
 * Microakodontomys transitorius (transitional colilargo) - ICMBio status
 * Noronhomys vespuccii (Vespucci's rodent) - ICMBio status
 * Oligoryzomys rupestris - ICMBio status
 * Rhipidomys cariri (Cariri climbing mouse) - ICMBio status
 * Rhipidomys tribei (yellow-bellied climbing mouse) - ICMBio status
 * Thalpomys cerradensis (Cerrado mouse) - ICMBio status
 * Thalpomys lasiotis (hairy-eared Cerrado mouse) - ICMBio status
 * Wilfredomys oenax (greater Wilfred's mouse) - ICMBio status

Family Ctenomyidae (tuco-tucos)
 * Ctenomys bicolor - ICMBio status
 * Ctenomys flamarioni (Flamarion's tuco-tuco) - ICMBio status
 * Ctenomys lami (Lami tuco-tuco) - ICMBio status
 * Ctenomys minutus (tiny tuco-tuco) - ICMBio status

Family Echimyidae
 * Callistomys pictus (painted tree-rat) - ICMBio status
 * Phyllomys lundi (Lund's Atlantic tree-rat) - ICMBio status
 * Phyllomys unicolor (short-furred Atlantic tree-rat) - ICMBio status
 * Phyllomys brasiliensis (orange-brown Atlantic tree-rat) - ICMBio status
 * Phyllomys thomasi (giant Atlantic tree-rat) - ICMBio status
 * Trinomys eliasi (Elias' Atlantic spiny rat) - ICMBio status
 * Trinomys moojeni (Moojen's Atlantic spiny rat) - ICMBio status
 * Trinomys mirapitanga (dark-caped Atlantic spiny rat) - ICMBio status
 * Trinomys yonenagae (Yonenaga's Atlantic spiny rat) - ICMBio status

Family Erethizontidae (New World porcupine)
 * Chaetomys subspinosus (bristle-spined rat) - ICMBio status
 * Coendou speratus - ICMBio status