Loyalty dance

The loyalty dance, was a collective dance usually performed in public places like plazas and squares, or during parades in the Cultural Revolution of the People's Republic of China.

In the late 1960s, Chairman Mao's cult of personality reached new heights, with citizens performing "loyalty dance" to express their loyalty to the leader.

Characteristics
The loyalty dance was one of the main activities during the Cultural Revolution and was an integral part of the "Mao Zedong's cult of personality".

This simple dance did not involve much more than stretching one's arms from the heart to Mao's portrait, with movements originating from a folk dance popular in Xinjiang. It was frequently accompanied by revolutionary songs including "The East is Red", "Beloved Chairman Mao" , "Golden Hill of Beijing" , "Sailing the Seas Depends on the Helmsman" or songs of quotations from Chairman Mao. Some lyrics included the quote "No matter how close our parents are to us, they are not as close as our relationship with Mao", which was used to inspire a spirit of collective worship.

A notable slogan related to the Loyalty dance was the "Three Loyalties" (三忠于): loyalty to Chairman Mao; loyalty to Mao Zedong Thought; loyalty to Chairman Mao's revolutionary line. The loyalty dance was an everyday fixture of life in the late 1960s, which was practiced in order to display one's lifelong devotion to Mao Zedong and exercise total discipline.

History
The loyalty dance appeared soon after the Cultural Revolution started in 1966. In 1968, the "Three Loyalties" activities reached a climax in various places. The model operas were sung and the "loyalty" dance were performed widely all over the country.

People from various backgrounds, including miners, office workers, toddlers, and even elderly women with bound feet, were expected to perform this dance. The movements were always directed toward the sky, symbolizing respect for Mao.

After the 9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in April 1969, the dance gradually declined. By the 70's it was fleeting, and as the Cultural Revolution came to an end in 1976, it rapidly waned.