Ludwig Hilberseimer

Ludwig Karl Hilberseimer (September 14, 1885 – May 6, 1967) was a German architect and urban planner best known for his ties to the Bauhaus and to Mies van der Rohe, as well as for his work in urban planning at Armour Institute of Technology (now Illinois Institute of Technology), in Chicago, Illinois.

Life
Hilberseimer studied architecture at the Karlsruhe Technical University from 1906 to 1910. He left before completing a degree. Afterward he worked in the architectural office of Behrens and Neumark. Until 1914 he was coworker in the office of Heinz Lassen in Bremen. Later he led the planning office for Zeppelinhallenbau in Berlin Staaken. Beginning in 1919 he was member of the Arbeitsrat für Kunst and November Group, worked as independent architect and town planner and published numerous theoretical writings over art, architecture and town construction. In 1929 Hilberseimer was hired by Hannes Meyer to teach at the Bauhaus at Dessau, Germany. In July 1933 Hilberseimer and Wassily Kandinsky were the two members of the Bauhaus that the Gestapo identified as problematically left-wing. Like many members of the Bauhaus, he fled Germany for America. He arrived in 1938 to work for Mies van der Rohe in Chicago while heading the department of urban planning at IIT College of Architecture. Hilberseimer also became director of Chicago's city planning office.

Work
Street hierarchy was first elaborated by Ludwig Hilberseimer in his book Großstadt Architektur [Architecture of the Metropolis], 1927. Hilberseimer emphasized safety for school-age children to walk to school while increasing the speed of the vehicular circulation system.

Beginning in 1929 at the Bauhaus, Hilberseimer developed studies concerning town construction for the decentralization of large cities. Against the background of the economic and political fall of the Weimar Republic he developed a universal and global adaptable planning system (The new town center, 1944), which planned a gradual dissolution of major cities and a complete penetration of landscape and settlement. He proposed that in order to create a sustainable relationship between humans, industry, and nature, human habitation should be built in a way to secure all people against all disasters and crises.

His most notable built project is Lafayette Park, Detroit, an urban renewal project designed in cooperation with architect Mies van der Rohe and landscape architect Alfred Caldwell.

The Ludwig Karl Hilberseimer Papers collection, including drawings, photographs, and other printed material, is held by the Ryerson & Burnham Libraries in the Art Institute of Chicago.

Selected Writings of Ludwig Hilberseimer

 * Großstadtbauten [Buildings for the Metropolis], Hanover: Aposs Verlag, 1925.
 * Großstadt Architektur [Architecture of the Metropolis], Stuttgart: Julius Hoffman, 1927.
 * Beton als Gestalter [Concrete as Formgiver], with Dr. Julius Vi, Stuttgart: Julius Hoffmann, 1928.
 * Neue Internationale Architektur [New International Architecture], Stuttgart: Julius Hofmann, 1928.
 * Hallen Bauten [Assembly Buildings], Leipzig: J.M. Gerhardt, 1931.
 * The New City : Principles of Planning, Chicago: Paul Theobald, 1944.
 * The New Regional Pattern : Industries and Gardens, Workshops and Farms, Chicago: Paul Theobald, 1949.
 * The Nature of Cities : Origin, Growth, and Decline; Pattern and Form; Planning Problems, Chicago: Paul Theobald, 1955.
 * Mies van der Rohe, Chicago: Paul Theobald, 1956.
 * Entfaltung einer Planungsidee [Development of a Planning Concept], Bauwelt Fundamente 6, Berlin: 1963.
 * Contemporary Architecture : Its Roots and Trends, Chicago: Paul Theobald, 1964.
 * Berliner Architektur der 20er Jahre [Berlin Architecture of the 1920s], Mainz, Berlin: Kupferberg, 1967.

Selected Writings About Ludwig Hilberseimer

 * Colman, Scott. Ludwig Hilberseimer : Reanimating Architecture and the City, London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 2023.
 * Köhler, Daniel. 2016. The Mereological City : A Reading of the Works of Ludwig Hilberseimer, Bielefeld: Transcript, 2016.
 * Pommer, Richard, David A. Spaeth, Kevin Harrington, and Ludwig Hilberseimer. In the Shadow of Mies : Ludwig Hilberseimer, Architect, Educator, and Urban Planner. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1988.
 * Waldheim, Charles. CASE--Hilberseimer/Mies van Der Rohe, Lafayette Park Detroit. Munich, New York: Prestel; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Graduate School of Design, 2004.