Maṅgala Buddha

Maṅgala Buddha is the sixth of twenty-seven Buddhas who preceded the historical Gotama Buddha according to the Buddhavamsa, a text from the Theravada Pali canon, and its commentary. He was also the first Buddha of the Sāramaṇḍa kalpa.

In the Buddhavamsa, he is described as: "Maṅgala Buddha enlightens the dark world with the Dhamma torch. His rays are the most unusual among all Buddhas; they could even cover the light of the sun and the moon" Maṅgala Buddha was said to be 88 cubits, or 132 feet tall and his stupa was 30 yojana, or 229.2 miles high.

Before birth
Maṅgala Buddha had practised pāramitā for 16 asaṃkhyeya and 100,000 (16×10^140 + 10^5) aeons to become a Buddha. During the gestation period, his mother, Queen Uttara, glowed very brightly around a radius of 80 cubits, or 120 feet. Because of the light, she could travel at night without the use of other light sources.

From birth to enlightenment
Maṅgala Buddha was born in Uttara which was reigned by king Uttara. He was married to Queen Yasavadi and reigned the country for 9,000 years. His son was Sivala.

As soon as his son was born, he decided to leave the palace to practise asceticism. Three million servants followed him to become fellow ascetics. He practised for eight months. After practising for eight months, he left his servant ascetics and went to the Mesua ferrea tree. He began to practise peacefully under the tree and gained enlightenment the next morning.

Gotama Buddha getting the omen
At Maṅgala Buddha's time, Gotama Buddha was a Brahmin named Suruci from the Brahmin Village. After listening to the teachings of the Buddha, he invited him and his one trillion disciples to his place. When he was thinking about a place for them, Thagyamin helped him by building a large pavilion. Suruci decided to donate their needs for seven days as it was of high value. After a week of donation, Maṅgala Buddha said: "'Suruci, a Brahmin, have made such donation.For this donation, he will become a Buddha named Gotama in the Bhadda kalpa.'" Suruci, having his wish granted, gave away all of his possessions and become a disciple of Maṅgala Buddha. He became a god in the Brahma Realm after death.

Parinirvana
Maṅgala Buddha lived for 90,000 years, liberating many living beings. He attained parinirvana and passed away at Vassara park. In the Buddhavamsa, his passing away is described as: He had enlightened the world with the Dhamma candle and he died like a setting sun.

The rays of Maṅgala Buddha
Maṅgala Buddha had brighter rays than other Buddhas. His rays were so bright that people could not determine whether it was day or night. Because of the rays, there were no sunlight or moonlight. Every object shined like gold during the presence of Maṅgala Buddha. There are two stories of Maṅgala Buddha's rays.
 * 1) The incarnation of Maṅgala Buddha was asked to donate his children by a Biru named Kharadāṭhika who was disguised as a Brahmin. The incarnation happily donated his children to him. As soon as Kharadāṭhika ate them, he vomited the blood of the children. Without any anxiety, the incarnation said "Like this Biru vomiting such blood of bright color, my body shall shine very brightly".
 * 2) Another incarnation of Maṅgala Buddha had a chance to see the stupa of a Buddha. After seeing the stupa, he said to himself "I must sacrifice my life for this Buddha". Then, he covered himself with butter and paid homage by performing the fire dancing for a whole night.He was not burnt or felt warm while paying homage.

Disciples
The right-hand and left-hand disciples of Maṅgala Buddha were Arahant Sudeva and Arahant Dhammasena. His primary attendant was Palita. The female disciples were female Arahants Sīvalā and Asokā. The human disciples were the wealthy men, Nanda and Visakha and the women, Anulā and Sutanā.