Manidae

Manidae ("spirits") is the only extant family of pangolins from superfamily Manoidea. This family comprises three genera (Manis from subfamily Maninae, Phataginus from subfamily Phatagininae, and Smutsia from subfamily Smutsiinae), as well as extinct Fayum pangolin.

History of classification
All species of living pangolin had been assigned to the genus Manis until the late 2000s, when research prompted the splitting of extant pangolins into three genera: Manis, Phataginus, and Smutsia.

Taxonomy

 * Family: Manidae (pangolins)
 * Subfamily: Maninae (Gray, 1821) (Asian pangolins)
 * Genus: Manis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Asian pangolin)
 * (unranked): northern Asian clade
 * Manis pentadactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) (Chinese pangolin)
 * †Manis hungarica (Kormos, 1934)
 * (unranked): southern Asian clade
 * Manis crassicaudata (Gray, 1827) (Indian pangolin)
 * Manis sp. (Scale_H4 & Scale_H8)
 * †Manis lydekkeri (Dubois, 1908)
 * Subgenus: Paramanis (Pocock, 1924) (Southeast Asian pangolin)
 * Manis javanica (Desmarest, 1822) (Sunda pangolin)
 * Manis culionensis (de Elera, 1895) (Philippine pangolin)
 * †Manis palaeojavanica (Dubois, 1907) (giant Asian pangolin)
 * (unranked): African clade
 * Subfamily: Phatagininae (Gaubert, 2017) (small African pangolins)
 * Genus: Phataginus (Rafinesque, 1821) (African tree pangolin)
 * Phataginus tetradactyla (Linnaeus, 1766) (long-tailed pangolin)
 * Phataginus tricuspis (Rafinesque, 1821) (tree pangolin)
 * Subfamily: Smutsiinae (Gray, 1873) (large African pangolins)
 * Genus: Smutsia (Gray, 1865) (African ground pangolin)
 * Smutsia gigantea (Illiger, 1815) (giant pangolin)
 * Smutsia temmincki (Smuts, 1832) (ground pangolin)
 * †Smutsia olteniensis (Terhune, 2021)
 * Incertae sedis
 * †Manidae sp. [DPC 3972 & DPC 4364] (Gebo & Rasmussen, 1985) (Fayum pangolin)

Phylogeny
Phylogenetic position of family Manidae within superfamily Manoidea.