Manon Lescaut

The Story of the Chevalier des Grieux and Manon Lescaut (Histoire du Chevalier des Grieux, et de Manon Lescaut ) is a novel by Antoine François Prévost. Published in 1731, it is the seventh and final volume of Mémoires et aventures d'un homme de qualité (Memoirs and Adventures of a Man of Quality).

The story, set in France and Louisiana in the early 18th century, follows the hero, the Chevalier des Grieux, and his lover, Manon Lescaut. Controversial in its time, the work was banned in France upon publication. Despite this, it became very popular and pirated editions were widely distributed. In a subsequent 1753 edition, the Abbé Prévost toned down some scandalous details and injected more moralizing disclaimers. The work was to become the most reprinted book in French literature, with over 250 editions published between 1731 and 1981.

Plot summary
Seventeen-year-old Des Grieux, studying philosophy at Amiens, comes from a noble and landed family, but forfeits his hereditary wealth and incurs the disappointment of his father by running away with Manon on her way to a convent. In Paris, the young lovers enjoy a blissful cohabitation, while Des Grieux struggles to satisfy Manon's taste for luxury. He acquires money by borrowing from his unwaveringly loyal friend Tiberge and by cheating gamblers. On several occasions, Des Grieux's wealth evaporates (by theft, in a house fire, etc.), prompting Manon to leave him for a richer man because she cannot stand the thought of living in penury.

The two lovers finally end up in New Orleans, to which Manon has been deported as a prostitute, where they pretend to be married and live in idyllic peace for a while. But when Des Grieux reveals their unmarried state to the Governor, Étienne Perier, and asks to be wed to Manon, Perier's nephew, Synnelet sets his sights on winning Manon's hand. In despair, Des Grieux challenges Synnelet to a duel and knocks him unconscious. Thinking he has killed the man, and fearing retribution, the couple flee New Orleans and venture into the wilderness of Louisiana, hoping to reach an English settlement. Manon dies of exposure and exhaustion the following morning and, after burying his beloved, Des Grieux is eventually taken back to France by Tiberge.

Dramas, operas and ballets

 * Manon Lescaut (1830), a ballet by Jean-Louis Aumer
 * Manon Lescaut (1856), an opera by French composer Daniel Auber
 * Manon (1884), an opera by French composer Jules Massenet
 * Manon Lescaut (1893), opera by Puccini
 * Manon Lescaut (1940), a drama in verse by Czech poet Vítězslav Nezval
 * Boulevard Solitude (1952) "Lyrisches Drama" (lyric drama) or opera by German composer Hans Werner Henze
 * Manon (1974), a ballet with music by Jules Massenet and choreography by Kenneth MacMillan
 * Manon (2015), a musical written for the Takarazuka troupe by librettist/director Keiko Ueda and composer Joy Son

Films

 * Manon Lescaut (1926), directed by Arthur Robison, with Lya de Putti
 * When a Man Loves (1927), directed by Alan Crosland, with John Barrymore and Dolores Costello
 * Manon Lescaut (1940), directed by Carmine Gallone, with Vittorio de Sica and Alida Valli
 * Manon (1949), directed by Henri-Georges Clouzot, with Michel Auclair and Cécile Aubry
 * The Lovers of Manon Lescaut (1954), directed by Mario Costa
 * Manon 70 (1968), directed by Jean Aurel, with Catherine Deneuve and Sami Frey
 * Manón (1986), Venezuelan movie directed by Román Chalbaud, with Mayra Alejandra
 * Manon Lescaut (2013), directed by Gabriel Aghion, with Céline Perreau and Samuel Theis

Translations
English translations of the original 1731 version of the novel include Helen Waddell's (1931). For the 1753 revision there are translations by, among others, L. W. Tancock (Penguin, 1949—though he divides the 2-part novel into a number of chapters), Donald M. Frame (Signet, 1961—which notes differences between the 1731 and 1753 editions), Angela Scholar (Oxford, 2004, with extensive notes and commentary), and Andrew Brown (Hesperus, 2004, with a foreword by Germaine Greer).

Henri Valienne (1854–1908), a physician and author of the first novel in the constructed language Esperanto, translated Manon Lescaut into that language. His translation was published at Paris in 1908, and reissued by the British Esperanto Association in 1926.

Additional references

 * Kunitz, Stanley J. & Colby, Vineta (1967). François Prévost, Antoine in European Authors 1000–1900, pp. 743–44. H.W. Wilson Company, New York.
 * Kunitz, Stanley J. & Colby, Vineta (1967). François Prévost, Antoine in European Authors 1000–1900, pp. 743–44. H.W. Wilson Company, New York.
 * Kunitz, Stanley J. & Colby, Vineta (1967). François Prévost, Antoine in European Authors 1000–1900, pp. 743–44. H.W. Wilson Company, New York.
 * Kunitz, Stanley J. & Colby, Vineta (1967). François Prévost, Antoine in European Authors 1000–1900, pp. 743–44. H.W. Wilson Company, New York.