Microgramma tuberosa

Microgramma tuberosa
Conservation status
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Division:	Polypodiophyta
Class:	Polypodiopsida
Order:	Polypodiales
Suborder:	Polypodiineae
Family:	Polypodiaceae
Genus:	Microgramma
Species:	M. tuberosa
Binomial name
Microgramma tuberosa (Maxon) Lellinger
Synonyms
Polypodium tuberosum Maxon Solanopteris tuberosum (Maxon) Rauh

Microgramma tuberosa is a species of fern in the family Polypodiaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Description

The rhizome is 2 to 3.5 millimeters (0.079 to 0.14 in) thick and shaped like a rope, branching occasionally. It bears small, firm scales appressed to the surface, densely covering it and occasionally overlapping. They are chestnut brown in color, with pale borders that are erose to denticulate. They vary considerably in form and shape, from almost round and 0.5 millimeters (0.02 in) long to ovate with a long-acuminate apex, 1.5 millimeters (0.059 in) (occasionally 2.0 millimeters (0.079 in)) long, and generally persist on the rhizome when mature. Like other members of subgenus Solanopteris, the rhizome bears hollow tubers, formed from modified branches of the rhizome. These are borne directly on the rhizome, without a stalk, are roughly globular in shape, and are covered by the same scales as the rest of the rhizome.

Taxonomy

The species was first described as Polypodium tuberosum by William Ralph Maxon in 1943. He based his description on two specimens collected near La Chonta, Ecuador by Joseph Nelson Rose et al. in 1918 and deposited at the United States National Herbarium. The name tuberosum presumably refers to the presence of tubers on the rhizome. In 1973, Werner Rauh transferred this species into the genus Solanopteris, erected by Edwin Copeland in 1951 for a similar species, which he distinguished from Microgramma on the basis of the domatia on the rhizome, irregularly netted venation, and the fleshy texture of its leaf blades. David B. Lellinger considered the characters cited by Copeland insufficient to recognize a separate genus, and preferred to recognize Solanopteris as a subgenus of Microgramma. He did not transfer this species to Microgramma until 1984, in preparation for publishing a catalog of fern type specimens at the National Herbarium.

There are relatively few collections of the species, and it may be identical with Microgramma bismarckii, a similar species native to Ecuador and Peru.

Distribution and habitat

Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, where it grows as an epiphyte. It is known only from a few collections in Ecuador.

Notes and references

Works cited

• Copeland, E. B. (1951). "A New Genus of Ferns". American Fern Journal. 41 (3): 75–76.
• Jørgensen, Peter Møller; León-Yánez, Susana, eds. (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden. Vol. 75. ISBN 0915279606. OCLC 42094115.
• Lellinger, David B. (1977). "Nomenclatural Notes on Ferns of Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia". American Fern Journal. 67 (2): 58–60.
• Lellinger, David B. (1984). "New Combinations and Some New Names in Ferns". American Fern Journal. 74 (2): 56–60.
• León, Blanca; Beltrán, Hamilton (2002). "A New Microgramma Subgenus Solanopteris (Polypodiaceae) from Peru and a New Combination in the Subgenus". Novon. 12 (4): 481–485. doi:10.2307/3393125. JSTOR 3393125.
• Maxon, William R. (1943). "New Tropical American Ferns". American Fern Journal. 33 (4): 133–137.
• Navarrete, H.; Pitman, N. (2003). "Microgramma tuberosum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2003: e.T43734A10825087. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2003.RLTS.T43734A10825087.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
• Rauh, Werner (1973). "Solanopteris Bismarckii Rauh, ein neuer knollenbildender Ameisenfarn aus Zentral-Peru". Tropische und Subtropische Pflanzenwelt. 5: 223–256.