Middlehaven

Middlehaven is the oldest part of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. It is directly south of the River Tees, and north of the current town centre, separated from it by the railway and A66.

The area has had waves of regeneration since post-war devastation. It currently includes, from west to east: a manufacturing and industrial sector, Boho Zone developments (residential and commercial), the Old Town Hall, the Transporter Bridge, Middlesbrough College, docks, and the Riverside Stadium.

The term St Hilda's for the area relates to the former priory, founded by Hilda of Whitby (the first mention of the town) and later also former church as named after the saint. The railway, and the much later-built A66, separating the area from the rest of the town created the term Over the Border for the area. The name Middlehaven is a back formation from Middlesbrough, combining "Middle" with "haven": the haven relates to Middlesbrough Dock.

History
The area formed what was the original town centre of Middlesbrough after its foundation around 1830, and was originally known as St. Hilda's after the parish church of the same name. The district was eventually separated from the southward expansion of the town by the railway in 1846. The Old Town Hall was completed at that time.

By the 1930s, the area had become slums, with overcrowding and high crime, and demolitions begun despite protests from residents. Later, in the 1950s, the clearance continued with sweeping demolitions, and the replacement of the remaining homes by low-rise flat blocks.

Once again, beginning in 1969, there was another wave of demolition, this time replacing the 1950s flats with a suburban housing estate. In the regeneration, St. Hilda's church was demolished.

In 2004, the homes were mostly vacant and plans were announced to demolish the estate, relocating the remaining 300 residents. In the following years, the site was levelled as new developments began in the area, and the area became known as Middlehaven.

Middlesbrough Dock
The original dock for the 1830 Port Darlington development became too small within a decade of opening, and needed expanding. From 1839–42 under William Cubitt and George Turnbull's plans, the dock was expanded, and formally opened on the 12 May 1842. The dock was designed to have a 80 ft entrance channel from the River Tees to the 1:4.4 rectangular dock. The dock was expanded multiple times, growing from 9 acres in 1869 to 25 acres in 1902.

In 1994, a training ship called the "Tovarisch" was impounded at the dock for five years for being unseaworthy. The rotation of crew from the Kherson marine college played in a local five-a-side league during this time. The ship left on the 29 August 1999 for restoration in Wilhelmshaven, Germany, under funding from the Tall Ships Friends charity and the Ukrainian government.

769,000 LT of goods went through the dock in 1978, while the wider ports in the area (under the jurisdiction of Tees and Hartlepool Harbour Police) handled 33,000,000 LT. The dock was unable to compete, and closed in 1980.