Mordehai Milgrom

Mordehai "Moti" Milgrom is an Israeli physicist and professor in the department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics at the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot, Israel.

Biography
He received his B.Sc. degree from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1966. Later he studied at the Weizmann Institute of Science and completed his doctorate in 1972. Before 1980 he worked primarily on high-energy astrophysics and became well-known for his kinematical model of the star system SS 433. In the academic years 1980–1981 and 1985–1986 he was at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. In 1983, he proposed modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) as an alternative to the dark matter and galaxy rotation curve problems,   although preliminary work and discussions on this subject started as early as 1981.

Milgrom and modified Newtonian dynamics
Milgrom suggests that Newton's law of universal gravitation should be modified for very small accelerations, typically of the order of 10−11g and less.

Recent findings
In 2022, a study about an astronomical observation of the tidal tails in five star clusters was published that might provide evidence of MOND. Specifically, there is an uneven distribution of stars that shows no indication that any dark matter was involved in causing it. Kyu-Hyun Chae's 2023-2024 study of widely-separated binary star pairs presents itself as robustly confirming the need to modify standard gravitational theory at low-valued accelerations.

Personal life
Milgrom is married and has three daughters.