Motijheel Thana

Motijheel (মতিঝিল) is a central business district and a thana of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is Dhaka's primary central business district, and also the nation's largest commercial and financial hub. Motijheel, located immediately adjacent to Dhaka's zero point, has the largest number of offices in Dhaka. Motijheel CBD also has one of the highest concentrations of high-rise buildings in Bangladesh. It has thus earned the title of the downtown and city centre of Dhaka and as the bankpara-officepara (neighbourhood of banks and offices) in Bengali.

It is home to the Bangabhaban presidential palace, the venerable Notre Dame College; and the Bangladesh Bank, the central bank of the country.

Companies based in Motijheel include Dutch Bangla Bank, Eastern Bank PLC, Mercantile Bank, IFIC Bank, Beacon Pharmaceuticals, Orion Group, Janata Bank, Sonali Bank, Rupali Bank, Agrani Bank, Pubali Bank, Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation, Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation and Jiban Bima Corporation among others. The Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce and Industry is also based in Motijheel. With a large concentration of businesses, as well as government offices, departments and ministries, Motijheel is a major central business district and an office hub.

The area is served by the Dhaka Metro Rail. Shapla Square and Balaka Square are well known roundabouts in Motijheel.

Etymology
The name Motijheel is a combination of two Bengali words, including Moti (মতি), which means pearl; and Jheel (ঝিল), meaning lake. Hence, the name Motijheel literally means the "Lake of Pearls".

History
During the Bengal Sultanate, a Sufi preacher named Shah Jalal Dakhini lived in the area. His tomb is located within the Bangabhaban premises. Under Mughal rule, the area was known as the abode of Mirza Muhammad Mukim. The area was historically known as Dilkusha. It was the site of the Dilkusha Gardens, a property of the Nawab of Dhaka. Armenians also lived in the area. The area became home to an official residence of the Governor of Bengal and the Viceroy of India. It later became the seat of the Governor of East Pakistan. The President of Bangladesh resides at the Bangabhaban in Motijheel. The presidential palace is surrounded by the Bangabhaban Gardens (formerly the Nawab's Dilkusha Gardens).

After the partition of India, Motijheel became the CBD of Dhaka during the 1950s and 1960s. The city's Notre Dame College was relocated to its present campus in Motijheel in 1954; and includes many prestigious alumni. The clocktower of the Dhaka Improvement Trust building was the tallest structure in East Pakistan. The Purbani Hotel opened in the 1960s. In the 1980s and early 1990s, several tall buildings were built in Motijheel. They are mainly the headquarters of Bangladeshi state-owned banks. For many years, the Bangladesh Bank Building located in Motijheel was the tallest building in Bangladesh. City Centre Dhaka of Motijheel is the current tallest building in Bangladesh and has been since 2012. In recent years, the emergence of a plethora of new CBDs in other parts of Dhaka has led to a neglect of Motijheel.

Geography
Motijheel forms part of downtown Dhaka. It is situated between Old Dhaka to its south and Ramna, Paltan and Segunbagicha to its north. Motijheel lies directly adjacent to Paltan and Segunbagicha. The Ramna area was the colonial part of Dhaka which developed in the early 20th century. Motijheel, which was once the property of the Nawab of Dhaka, was a garden situated between Ramna and Old Dhaka. Motijheel Thana covers an area of 3.69 sqkm. It is bounded by thana of Rampura to the north, Khilgaon Thana to the north and east, Sutrapur Thana to the south, Sabujbagh Thana to the east, Ramna Model Thana to the northwest, and Paltan to the west.

Demographics
According to the 2011 census, Motijheel Thana has a population of 210,006 with an average household size of 4.5 members and an average literacy rate of 80.4% against the national average of 51.8% literacy.

Economy
The following companies have their head offices in Motijheel.

State owned companies

 * Janata Bank
 * Sonali Bank
 * Agrani Bank
 * Pubali Bank
 * Rupali Bank
 * Bangladesh Development Bank
 * Bangladesh Krishi Bank
 * Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation
 * Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation
 * Army Welfare Trust
 * Jiban Bima Corporation
 * Sadharan Bima Corporation

Private sector companies

 * Dutch Bangla Bank
 * Eastern Bank PLC. (Bangladesh)
 * Mercantile Bank (Bangladesh)
 * IFIC Bank
 * Social Islami Bank Limited
 * Fareast Islami Life Insurance Company Limited
 * NCC Bank
 * BASIC Bank Limited
 * Southeast Bank
 * Orion Group
 * Beacon Pharmaceuticals

Chambers of commerce

 * Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Dhaka

Education
Notre Dame College, Dhaka and Notre Dame University Bangladesh are located in Motijheel Thana. The main branch of Ideal School & College and Motijheel Model School & College are also located in Motijheel. T & T High School and the Ideal Government Primary School are also in Motijheel. Other schools and colleges in the thana include Bangladesh Bank High School, Post Office High School, Motijheel Government Girls' High School, Motijheel Government Boys' High School, Shantibagh High School, Shahjahanpur Railway School, Miraj Abbas Degree College, and  Abujar Ghifari College.