Murrays Bay

Murrays Bay is a small suburb in the East Coast Bays region, located in the North Shore of Auckland. The suburb is roughly the same size as Rothesay Bay, the suburb to the immediate north. It is primarily a residential area but does have a community centre, restaurant and café. Murrays Bay is regularly serviced by buses which go to Takapuna and the Auckland city centre.

Geography


Murrays Bay is located in the East Coast Bays of the North Shore, between Rothesay Bay and Mairangi Bay. The bay itself is located between Tatarata Point, the headland to the east, and Mairangi Bay to the south. A stream runs eastwards through the suburb, called the Taiorahi Creek.

The land is primarily formed from clay and Waitemata sandstone, which can be seen in the cliffs along the coast. Prior to human settlement, the inland Murrays Bay area was primarily a northern broadleaf podocarp forest, dominated by tōtara, mataī, miro, kauri and kahikatea trees. Pōhutukawa trees were a major feature of the coastline. During the 19th century, the area was dominated by mānuka shrubland and harakeke flax.

Māori history
Māori settlement of the Auckland Region began around the 13th or 14th centuries. The North Shore was settled by Tāmaki Māori, including people descended from the Tainui migratory canoe and ancestors of figures such as Taikehu and Peretū. Many of the Tāmaki Māori people of the North Shore identified as Ngā Oho. While the poor soils around the East Coast Bays hindered dense settlement, traditional resources in the area included fish, shellfish and marine birds. The traditional name for the coast between Murrays Bay and Campbells Bay is Waipapa.

The warrior Maki migrated from the Kāwhia Harbour to his ancestral home in the Auckland Region, likely sometime in the 17th century. Maki conquered and unified many the Tāmaki Māori tribes as Te Kawerau ā Maki, including those of the North Shore. After Maki's death, his sons settled different areas of his lands, creating new hapū. His younger son Maraeariki settled the North Shore and Hibiscus Coast, who based himself at the head of the Ōrewa River. Maraeariki's daughter Kahu succeeded him, and she is the namesake of the North Shore, Te Whenua Roa o Kahu ("The Greater Lands of Kahu"). Many of the iwi of the North Shore, including Ngāti Manuhiri, Ngāti Maraeariki, Ngāti Kahu, Ngāti Poataniwha, Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki and Ngāti Whātua, can trace their lineage to Kahu.

By the 18th century, the Marutūāhu iwi Ngāti Paoa had expanded their influence to include the islands of the Hauraki Gulf and the North Shore. After periods of conflict, peace had been reached by the 1790s. The earliest contact with Europeans began in the late 18th century, which caused many Tāmaki Māori to die of rewharewha, respiratory diseases. During the early 1820s, most Māori of the North Shore fled for the Waikato or Northland due to the threat of war parties during the Musket Wars. Most people had returned by the late 1820s and 1830s.

European settlement


In 1841, the Crown purchased the Mahurangi and Omaha blocks; an area that spanned from Takapuna to Te Ārai. The purchase involved some iwi with customary interests in the area, such as Ngāti Paoa, other Marutūāhu iwi and Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, but not others, such as Te Kawerau ā Maki or Ngāti Rango. The Crown spent until 1873 rectifying this sale, by making further deals with stakeholders.

The first Europeans to come to Murrays Bay were itinerant kauri gum diggers in the mid-19th century. Murrays Bay was the site of one of the largest gum diggers camps in the North Shore. The area was known as Tommy's Bay, after the Māori owner of the land. In 1880, the land was sold to English settler Thomas Murray, from Newcastle upon Tyne, who converted the mānuka and harakeke scrubland to a sheep and cattle farm, and planted crops including corn, wheat and English grasses. Murray was a lifelong bachelor and devout Christian, who taught Sunday school classes in Takapuna. Murray's farm grew to 174 acres in size, and the bay became known as Big Murrays Bay (Little Murrays Bay was the name for Mairangi Bay to the south). Murray sold kauri gum as an additional source of income, constructed a windmill at the site of modern-day Scarboro Terrace, and developed orchards to supply the Auckland market with fruit.

In 1910, the name for the area was changed from Big Murrays Bay to Murrays Bay. The area was subdivided and sold in 1912. After the Murrays Bay Wharf was constructed in 1916, the area became a popular spot for holidays and day trippers from Auckland, who arrived by ferry. Housing began to be built shortly after the area was subdivided, but due to the outbreak of World War I, construction was paused for five years. By 1920, holiday homes had been constructed at Murrays Bay, and in 1926 two shops had opened in the suburb. In the 1930s, Murrays Bay became a refuge for children during the polio epidemic. During World War II, pillboxes were constructed at Murrays Bay, at the beach and on the clifftops to the north of the suburb.

The suburb grew in the 1950s, after World War II. In 1956, a new high school was opened in the suburb, Murray's Bay High School. Later renamed Rangitoto College, the school grew to become the largest high school in New Zealand. In 1958, the Murrays Bay Sailing Club was founded, and in 1973 the old Murrays Bay wharf was replaced.

Local government
From 1876 until 1954, the area was administered by the Waitemata County, a large rural county north and west of the city of Auckland. In 1954, the area split from the county, forming the East Coast Bays Borough Council, which became East Coast Bays City in 1975. In 1989, the city was merged into the North Shore City. North Shore City was amalgamated into Auckland Council in November 2010.

Within the Auckland Council, Murrays Bay is a part of the Hibiscus and Bays local government area governed by the Hibiscus and Bays Local Board. It is a part of the Albany ward, which elects two councillors to the Auckland Council.

Demographics
Murrays Bay covers 1.66 km2 and had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Murrays Bay had a population of 4,764 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 60 people (1.3%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 183 people (4.0%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,554 households, comprising 2,322 males and 2,442 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.95 males per female, with 867 people (18.2%) aged under 15 years, 960 (20.2%) aged 15 to 29, 2,310 (48.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 627 (13.2%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 71.2% European/Pākehā, 4.3% Māori, 1.0% Pacific peoples, 25.8% Asian, and 3.5% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 45.4, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 54.9% had no religion, 35.1% were Christian, 0.1% had Māori religious beliefs, 1.0% were Hindu, 0.8% were Muslim, 1.4% were Buddhist and 1.8% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 1,458 (37.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 264 (6.8%) people had no formal qualifications. 1,104 people (28.3%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,929 (49.5%) people were employed full-time, 642 (16.5%) were part-time, and 138 (3.5%) were unemployed.

Amenities
A popular public walkway passes through coastal Murrays Bay, connecting Campbells Bay to Browns Bay in the north. The walkway passes sections of exposed Waitemata sandstone.

Murrays Bay beach has a wharf that people jump off and fish in the Spring/Summer. There is a sailing club that sails from the beach regularly.

Education
Murrays Bay School is a contributing primary (years 1–6) school with a roll of students as at, Murrays Bay Intermediate is an intermediate (years 7–8) school with a roll of  students as at , which first opened in 1958. Both schools are coeducational, and have a decile rating of 10Z. The two schools share a site, and were established in 1957 and 1958 respectively.