Nanling Mountains

The Nanling, also known as the Wuling , is a major mountain range in Southern China that separates the Pearl River Basin from the Yangtze Valley and serves as the dividing line between south and central subtropical zones. The main range of Nanling Mountains stretch west to east about 600 km from Guilin and Hezhou of the eastern Guangxi to Ganzhou of the southern Jiangxi, north to south about 200 km from Yongzhou and Chenzhou of the southern Hunan to Qingyuan and Shaoguan of the northern Guangdong; With their branches, the mountains run west to east 1,400 km.

There are trough basins in the Nanling; most of the western basins in Nanling Mountains are composed of limestone, where karst regions are located. Most of the eastern basins are made up of red sandstone, where danxia landform areas are found.

The Nanling are boundaries between the four provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan and Jiangxi, and also the cultural boundaries. To the south of the mountains are Lingnan culture areas.

The Nanling is a corridor where Chinese ethnic groups migrate and also the land of national amalgamation. In the Nanling, there form trough corridors, tectonic fault basins or watersheds, where are relatively low and not difficult to climb, between the natural gorge channels and the river systems in the north and south of the Nanling are natural channels, people-to-people exchanges are easy. Since the Qin dynasty, from the Central Plains into Lingnan (the south of the Nanling) there have been five ancient roads, which are YuechengLing Road(越城岭道), Mengzhuling Road (萌渚岭道), Qitianling Road (骑田岭道), Lingling-Guiyang Path (零陵桂阳峤道) and Dayuling Road (大庾岭道). At the same time, many tributaries of the Yangtze system and Pearl River system have also formed west to east passages.

The mountains forming the ranges are generally of moderate altitude, the highest point being the summit of Kitten Mountain at 2142 m.

The Nanling mountains are a regional biodiversity hot spot for endemic species of plants, birds and amphibians.

Ranges
The five mountain ranges that make up the Nanling are the:


 * Yuecheng Mountains (越城岭)
 * Dupang Mountains (都龐嶺)
 * Mengzhu Mountains (萌渚嶺)
 * Qitian Mountains (騎田嶺)
 * Dayu Mountains (大庾嶺)

The Nanling Mountains separate Central China from South China. Areas south of the ranges are tropical in climate, permitting two crops of white rice to be grown each year.

Ion adsorption clays are mined by open-pit methods in the Nanling region, and form a major source of rare earth elements in the world.