National Conservation Lands

National Conservation Lands, formally known as the National Landscape Conservation System, is a 35 e6acre collection of lands in 873 federally recognized areas considered to be the crown jewels of the American West. These lands represent 10% of the 258 e6acre managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The BLM is the largest federal public land manager and is responsible for over 40% of all the federal public land in the nation. The other major federal public land managers include the US Forest Service (USFS), National Park Service (NPS), and the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS).

Over the years, the Bureau of Land Management has had to adjust its approach to public land management to fit the changing needs of the nation. The BLM historically has managed lands under its jurisdiction for extractive uses, such as mining, logging, grazing, and oil and gas production. In 1983, Congress acknowledged the value of watersheds, wildlife habitat, recreation, scenery, scientific exploration and other non-extractive uses with the designation of the first BLM-managed wilderness area—the Bear Trap Canyon unit of the Lee Metcalf Wilderness in Montana. In 1996, President Clinton underscored non-extractive priorities on BLM lands when he established the first national monument to be administered by the BLM—the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in southern Utah. With this and several similar designations, a new focus emerged that would become part of how the agency looks at the land it manages: the protection of special areas where conservation and restoration of the landscape and its biological or cultural resources is the overriding objective.

The Bureau of Land Management's National Landscape Conservation System, better known as the National Conservation Lands, was created in 2000 with the mission to "conserve, protect, and restore these nationally significant landscapes that have outstanding cultural, ecological, and scientific values for the benefit of current and future generations."

There are eleven federal conservation designations for the units that make up the National Conservation Lands:


 * National Monument
 * National Conservation Area
 * Wilderness Area
 * Wilderness Study Area
 * National Wild and Scenic River
 * National Scenic Trail
 * National Historic Trail
 * Cooperative Management and Protection Area
 * Forest Reserve
 * Outstanding Natural Area
 * National Scenic Area

When the Conservation System was created in 2000 without Congressional authorization, there was no guarantee that the System would be permanent. The National Landscape Conservation System Act was signed into law in March 2009 as part of the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009. The Act permanently unified the individual units as a public lands System, protecting the System in law so that it would no longer exist at the pleasure of each president. This marked the first new congressionally authorized public lands system in decades.

The act also added 1200000 acre of new designations to the System, including a National Monument, three National Conservation Areas, Wilderness, Wild and Scenic Rivers and National Scenic Trails.

National monuments
29 sites totaling 11394457 acre

National conservation areas (NCAs)
17 sites totaling 3708472 acre

BLM wilderness areas
221 sites totaling 8736691 acre; excludes wilderness associated with other agencies

Wilderness study areas
There are 545 wilderness study areas with a total area of 12790291 acre.

National historic trails
11 sites totaling 5343 mi

Distances and states are noted for BLM lands only.

National scenic trails
5 units totaling 668 mi

Distances and states are noted for BLM lands only.

National wild and scenic rivers
38 sites, totaling 2061 mi