Nayagarh

Nayagarh is both a town and the municipality headquarters of the Nayagarh district in the Indian state of Odisha.

Geography
Nayagarh is located at 20.13°N, 85.1°W with an average elevation of 178 metres (584 feet).

The Rukhi mountain is in the south and the Balaram mountain is in the north of Nayagarh which mitigated the effects of the 1999 Odisha cyclone on Nayagarh.

The 96 km long New Jagannath Sadak road, also known as Nua Jagannath Sadak, connects Nayagarh to the holy city in the Puri district.

Demographics
As per the 2011 census held in India, Nayagarh town had a population of 17 030, 9 000 of whom were male and 8 030 were female. This indicated a population growth of 11.30% compared to the census data of 2001. The census of 2001 when compared against the census of 1991, had revealed a population growth of 10.46% in Nayagarh District.

The total area of the Nayagarh district covers approximately 3,890 km2 accommodating about 1700 villages in the Nayagarh district.

The average literacy rate of the Nayagarh population was 79.17% in 2011, compared to 70.52% in 2001 (86.63% male and 71.08% female). This revealed an increase from the 2001 census, wherein the figures stood at 82.66% (male) and 57.64& (female) in the said district.

Total literates in Nayagarh District were 681,522, of which male and female were 387,632 and 293,890, respectively. In 2001, the total population of literates in Nayagarh District was 529,840.

With regard to sex ratio in Nayagarh, it stood at 916 females per 1000 males compared to 2001 census figure of 938. The average national female sex ratio in India is 940 per 1000 males as per the latest reports of Census 2011 Directorate.

In census enumeration, data regarding children under 0–6 years age were also collected for all districts including Nayagarh. There were total 101,337 children under the age of 0–6 years of age against 113,180 falling in the same age bracket as per the 2001 census. Of the total 101,337, males and females were 54,759 and 46,578, respectively. Child sex ratio as per census 2011 was 851 compared to 904 of census 2001. In 2011, children under 6 formed 10.53% of Nayagarh District compared to 13.09% of 2001. There was a net change of −2.56% in this compared to the previous census of India.

Nayagarh District population constituted 2.29% of the total population of Odisha as per 2001 census.

History
Notified Area Council was constructed vide Health (LSG) Deptt. Notification No. 4475/LSG/dt.13.05.1953 of Housing & Urban Development Department Act. The NAC is spread over an area of 15.54 km2 with a population of 14,314 as per 2001 census. The municipal area is divided into 13 wards. This U.L.B as constituted in the year 1953. The government in H & U D Deptt. have been pleased to declare this U.L.B. to that of the statute of Notified Area Council during the year 1953.

The history of the foundation of Nayagarh State in the thirteenth century is an important chapter in the political history of Odisha. Suryamani of Baghela dynasty came to Puri on a pilgrimage from "Rewa" of Madhya Pradesh and established his kingdom at Nayagarh. On the way to Puri, both Suryamani and his brother Chandramani took rest at night at Gunanati. The area was full of tigers and at night a tiger attacked him. Both the brothers fought the tiger and killed it. The local people praised the brave brothers and elected Suryamani as their leader. Suryamani gradually built his fort at Gunanati and married a Mali (a cast known as worshiper of Lord Shiv) girl. After the death of his first wife, he again married a Kshatriya girl. From there, he then attacked Haripur and Ralaba. While sleeping, a tiger attacked him at Ralaba; he again fought and killed it. At that moment, he saw a lady with an empty pot passed by to fetch water. Astonishingly, she returned with a little boy. Immediately, Suryamani obstructed the way of that lady and wanted to know about the mystery. The lady told she was Bouri Thakurani (a local worshiped goddess) and the tiger that the king killed was the boy. She advised Suryamani to kill her and worship her as his deity. From that date, Suryamani worshiped "Bauri Thakurani" at Ralaba and built his fort there and adopted Tiger Head as a state symbol.

Ninth king of this dynasty "Baghel Singh" (1480–1510) came on a hunting to a place in between Rukshi and Balaram mountains and saw a wonderful sight that a rabbit pressed down a dog there. After seeing this valourous act by the prey (rabbit) on the predator, he selected and shifted his capital to this place. As per his name, Nayagarh is also known as "Baghua Nayagarh" (valourous Nayagarh). The place where such an event occurred is now known as "KukurTasara" ('kukur' means 'dog' and 'tasara' means a large piece of stone in Odia, where the pressing of the dog by the rabbit had occurred and hence the name).

12th King of Nayagarh was Raghunath Sing (1565–1595) who was highly powerful. During this time, Muslims had already captured Odisha and the atmosphere of the coastal Odisha was fully indiscipline. The last independent king Mukunda Dev (1565) was defeated in Gohritikira and died. By taking the advantages of the political situations of coastal Odisha, Raghunath Singh attacked Ranapur and captured Odagaon, Sarankul and Baunsiapara area from Ranapur estate and dispossessed Nayagarh-Daspalla border area from the King of Boudh and Sunamuhin area of Odgaon from the King of Ghumusar. He also captured a portion from Banpur. Before death, Ragunath Singh divided his estate between his three sons. Harihar Singh was in possession of Nayagarh and Jadunath Singh got four Khandagrams (large area of land) which was known as Khandapada later. Gadadhar Singh was the son of Harihar Singh. When he was engaged in a fight with Ranpur estate, the king of Ghumusar attacked Nayagarh. Pindik Patsahani of village Sunalati with 150 soldiers fought the great army of Ghumusar and defeated him. But, in subsequent war, he was captured by the enemy and sacrificed his life. Gadadhar Sing's daughter married the great poet Upendra Bhanja of Ghumusar who settled at Malisahi of Nayagarh estate after marriage. When British captured Odisha, Binayak Singh Mandhata was the King of Nayagarh and the great Jadumani Mahapatra was his court poet.

Transportation
Nayagarh Town was opened on 19 June 2017 when railway minister Suresh Prabhu formally dedicated the new line from Bolagarh Road to Nayagarh Town as part of the ongoing Khurda Road-Balangir project. The railway minister also inaugurated the Nayagarh Town railway station building while flagging off a passenger train that made the first journey to the town. However Rajsunakhala Railway Station is the first railway Station in the district, which was inaugurated by the central govt. The officially railway transport is starting at Rajsunakhala, which is 26 KM from district head quarter.

Ladukeswar Temple
This Shiv temple is situated at Sarankul, a small town towards Odagaon Block. Maha Shivaratri is the important festival which is being celebrated every year. People from all parts of Odisha (mainly south Odisha) come to this place during the festival. The deity popularly known as "Ladu Baba" bestows blessing upon everyone. The temple is situated around 100 km from Bhubaneswar on the Nayagrah- Aska Road in Sharankul and 13 km away from Nayagarh town. The city is regarded as the golden merge of Hari (Vishnu) and Hara (Shiva). "Bolbam" is a traditional culture here for which people across different parts of Odisha visit the temple from their own towns by walking on barefoot and carrying a stick over their shoulder holding 2 pots of water from their town and finally put in the Ladukeshwar temple on the occasion of Shivaratri. The history of Ladukeshwar temple says that a cowherd used to take a couple of cows to the Bhandar mountain situated on top of Ladukeshwar temple now and one day he noticed that the cow automatically milks over a stone periodically every day and one day when by mistake the cow put the leg on that stone, blood came out of the stone. To the very surprise, the cowherd told that story to village head and on that night one temple priest saw a dream of god speaking of establishing a temple over there. The king agreed to it and established the temple. From that day onwards Ladukeshwar temple got established in Sharankul. In front of the temple, one monkey used to come for many days and sit at the exit of temple every day and never ate anything offered by the public and died after few days, hence one small temple was built just outside the exit in the memory of that loving devoted monkey. The temple is now further restructured with more temples internally with further introduction of "Naba gunjar", Maa laxmi temple, haraparbati temple and floating stone of magical Ramsetu times etc. The history is very old and teaches us the culture in every respect.

Nilamadhab Temple
This temple is situated at Kantilo around 35 km from Nayagarh and 60 km distance from Bhubaneswar. It is believed that lord Jagannath is the secondary form of lord Nilamadhav, who was worshiped by the tribal head Biswabasu.

Odogaon Raghunath Temple
This temple is situated at Odagaon around 27 km distance from Nayagarh town. Lord Rama is worshiped there along with lord Laxman and goddess Sita.

Dakshinakali Temple
This temple is situated in Nayagarh around 1 km distance from Nayagarh town. Goddess Dakshinakli is the prime deity of Nayagarh. It is said She was taken by a great tantrik of the royal family of Nayagarh king once on his way from Khandpara to Nayagarh. While the royal kin was coming through a mango field at night, the deity appeared before him and since he was a great tantrik, he imprisoned the devi (goddess) and asked her to come with him as an aid till he reaches Nayagarh as he was travelling alone. Goddess Dakshinakli came with the tantrik, but upon reaching Nayagarh when he asked Her now She can go, the goddess replied him as you have made me come here now give me shelter and I would not go back and even cursed him to be childless as She was the mother goddess and a son should not have done this even if he has great magical power. Since then the temple for Dakshin Kali was built on and the goddess has been worshipped.

Dhenkena Raghunath Temple
This temple is situated at Dhenkena village under Malishahi police station.

Jaleswar Temple, Dihagaon
This Shiv temple is situated at Dihagaon, a small village 5 km distance from Daspalla Town towards Gania Block. This is the only shiv temple in the Dashapalla area whose "Shiv Ling is a patali shiv ling (came from netherworld, i.e. deep earth, by itself)" and has not been established by human beings. This Shiva Ling was discovered by a tribal couple while they were searching for their habitats.Kartik Poornima is the main festival of Dihagaon Jaleswar Temple followed by Maha Shivaratri, Dola Purnima and Sitala Sasthi.

Kotagada Gumpha, Rajsunakhala
Lord Mahaveer on the top of the mountain. Kartika Purnima is a festival run near the Gumpha. It is 4 kilometers away from Rajsunakhala & 9 kilometers from Ranpur.

Gokulananda Tourism Center
Gokulananda Tourism Center is a tourist attraction in Nayagarh district, which is situated on the bank of the river Mahanadi in Sidhamula village. There is a cottage and deer park installed near this picnic spot, and accommodation in a cottage.

Satkosia Gorge
It is the deepest river gorge of Odisha in the river Mahanadi. Its length is about 16 km in between Angul and Dashapalla boundary. Gharial crocodile and many reptiles, aquatic birds and animals are found here.

Satakosia Wildlife Sanctuary
The Satakosia wildlife sanctuary is a tiger reserve. It attracts the nature lovers to experience the Flora and Fauna of Dashapalla amidst deep dense forest with trees, herbs and creepers. Tiger, elephant, deer, spotted deer, bison, hare, jackal, wolf, leopard, peacock, parrot, maina, etc., are common.

Kuanaria Dam
A medium Irrigation Project has been built on the river Kuanaria just 7 km away from Dashapalla town. It is the largest river dam of Nayagarh district and a very good picnic spot with a deer park. Irrigation I.B., Wildlife I.B. and RWSS I.B. are here for short stay of the visitors.

Budhabudhiani Dam
Budhabudhiani Dam 10 km from Odagaon town is a picnic place of Nayagarh District.

Mahaveer Khol
Mahaveer Khol, a small hill at the north of Dashapalla is believed to be the original place of God Mahaveer. Swapna Mahaveer is being worshipped here since 1983. It is a fine religious place as well as a very good spot for picnic and for visit. A 3-day-long Jajna is held here every year during Bisub Sankranti where thousands of people gather.

Bhimara
It is a fine place for rock trekking. Generally, people gather here in the month of Kartik for a visit. It is believed that Bhim the 2nd Pandav was here for some days. So the grand rock bears the footprints of Bhim and named as Bhimara.

Gilli Pathar & Gadda Vitara

 * Gilli Pathar is a place where a temple of lord Giri Gobardhan (name of loard Krishna who once held the mountain Gobardan)is situated on the top of the Gamein Bhandarswar Hill. The hill is full of huge rocks. Its height is approximately 100 m from the sea level. The temple looks like Gilli (a Pin-point).


 * Gadda Vitara is a picnic spot and a hill side situated in the village Gamein which is 10 km distance from Nayagarh.It is a historical place. The local people say that the king of Nayagarh had made his Gadda(a place where the King goes for safety living from the enemies at the time of wars) inside the boundaries of four large hills named Barada Pahada, Gamein Bhandarswar Mundia, Binjhagiri Mundia and Kesharpur pahada. The elephants (Nag) protect the Gada on the foot of the hills which is known as Nagamundali (now there is a village named as Nagamundali Village). There was a large plain area inside the four hills boundaries. Right now plantation has been made there by the villagers. It is a good picnic spot to view the hill side, stream and green areas.


 * To reach at this place, drive on the Nayagarh-Godipada road up to Kalikaprasada, then right turn for 3 km to Gamein Village. Another road is also the same 10 km distance, a 5-km drive on the Nayagarh-Odagaon Road and left turn from Jamujhala for next 5 km to Gamein Village.

Daspalla, Vimara Range
Vimara Range is 35 km from Nayagarh town towards Daspalla. It is divided into three by large stones and was made not just by the rulers but also by the villagers.

Cuisines
Nayagarh is known for the popular sweet dish Chhena poda, which means 'burnt cheese' in Oriya. Best quality chhena poda can be found in Itamati and Machhipada (villages located in Nayagarh). Pithas are enjoyed on traditional holidays, while more savory pithas are common at other times of the year. Local people of Nayagarh and in other regions like Daspalla, Madhyakhanda and Gholahandi prepare Manda pitha, Chakuli pitha, Poda pitha, Arisha pitha and Kakra pitha during different Hindu festivals.

Business, agriculture, and culture
Itamati only 6 km away from Nayagarh town is a Business Centre of Nayagarh. All types of trading of Nayagarh start in Itamati. Rajsunakhala also the 2nd biggest business center in the district. Only 26 kilometers away from the District headquarter Rajsunakhala such a great developed place of daily needs like all the things are available here. Ornaments, Jewelry, Dry Fish, & other things are available in Rajsunakhala. Nayagarh also developed a great business market nowadays with some new Shopping Malls and new shops. Since Nayagarh is present in between Angul, Cuttack, Aska, Berhampur, Koraput and Khurdha, Nayagarh also had a great business field. After completion of Sidhamala Dam Project in Kantilo over Mahanadi River, the distance from Nayagarh to Angul and Cuttack has been shortened, which ultimately increased business in Nayagarh. The National Highway 224 also goes through Nayagarh, which shortened the distance from Bhubaneswar to Bolangir. This also influenced trade in Nayagarh.Dashapalla is also 4th biggest business hub in Nayagarh district due to its location nowadays.Tribal people living in Kandhamal district come here to earn their livelihood. The town is connected with well maintained National Highways and State Highways and railways with nearest airport Biju Patnaik International Airport in Bhubaneswar and Jharsuguda Airport renamed as Veer Surendra Sai Airport in Jharsuguda.

The agricultural lands of the district of Nayagarh are basically fit for cultivation of seasonal paddy, pulses like mung and black gram and sugarcane. There are hills and forests spread in the nearby areas of the town of Nayagarh as well as in the different parts of the district where herbal and forest products are available including natural medicinal plants. People cultivate groundnut, sesame, and other similar grams during the suitable times which are highly nutritious. The forest products also include saal and kendu leaves supporting life of the rural and tribal people.

The culture of Nayagarh is rural and based on the established traditions right from the ancient times. These are mostly related to the religious systems prevailing in the Hindu temples of Lord Shiva, Lord Rama, Lord Krishna, Lord Jagannath and the established deities of Hinduism. Every year, people observe Mahavishuva Sankranti (or Pana Sankranti also known as Haunuman Jayanti after performing the rituals of Danda, a traditional festival of lord Shiv and Goddess Kali when people keep fast and walk on the fire made of wood charcoals on the last day of the festival, with a great fervor. In addition, there are age-old traditions of Dola Yatra, Rama Navami and Ratha Yatra too. Nayagarh has unique contributions of Danda Yatra, Raam Leela, Duari Nata, Pala, Daskathia, and Samkirtan to the State. Even these days, the people take strain unitedly to stage drama on different occasions. In a village named Maniakagoda and even elsewhere in the locality, all cultural celebrations are equally enjoyed by both Hindus and Muslims.

Bruksha 'O' Jeevar Bandhu Parisad (BOJBP)
BOJBP, Kesharpur, Dist-Nayagarh, Odisha is a people's voluntary organization founded on 1 January 1978 and registered under the Societies Registration Act 1860 and it has also been registered under the Foreign Contribution Regulation Act 1976 and Registered Under Income Tax -80G. It has been working in Nayagarh District for Forest Protection, Wild Life Conservation and Sustainable Agriculture. An area of 2.5 lakh acres of Forest has been protected in 750 villages through community Forest Management System. Eight women Bio-Farmers groups are organized besides health and sanitation activities like supply of low-cost sanitation latrines, holding of eye camp, dental camp and leprosy camp etc. It also promotes System of Rice Intensification, in 644 acres of land in 56 villages in 5 Blocks of Nayagarh District. It established Seed Bank, Seedling Bank and Research and Information centre on Sustainable Agriculture.

BOJBP is a grassroot organization working for the people feeling the need of the operational area. The organization has started the project "Upscaling SRI in Odisha" since 2008. Including six grassroot-level organizations of different blocks, BOJBP has been promoting System of Rice Intensification (SRI) which is a pole star for the marginal and small farmers to enhance production. During this reporting period (9 April – 10 March) sub-circle meeting of the farmers, orientation of staff for skill development, training to farmers on SRI and sustainable agriculture, training to farmers on preparation and use of vermicompost and bio-pesticides, circle meeting of farmers, training to farm labourers, training to women on sustainable agriculture, training to key trainers, block- and district-level meeting of SRI farmers to strengthen farmers federation were some of the key activities undertaken. Besides that, 138 soil samples have been tested in this office after getting training on soil testing.

Objectives

Its objectives are diverse. They include:
 * Improve the socio-economic status of the marginal and small farmers through enhanced crop production by providing them skill and inputs to adopt SRI and SA.
 * Reduce the number of distress migration by providing them employment opportunities for rural agricultural labours in villages.
 * Build federation of organic farmers to have a broader impact and who can undertake lobby and advocacy efforts to safeguard the interest of the farming community.

Sambhav
Sambhav is an NGO working for Biodiversity, Organic Farming, and Rural Sanitation. It was established in 1989, 8 March, on Women's Day. The organizer of this NGO is Sabarmathi. She took the barren land of 90 acres in the hills and repaired it for 11 long years like a mother. Now after 22 years, it is a good land, giving too many domestic seeds.

Great Personalities of Nayagarh
Nayagarh has a prominent place in the history of Odia literature, especially in Odia poetry. One of the most popular sweetdish in Odisha: Chhenapoda was made in Nayagarh by Sudarshan Sahoo. Many of the great Odia poets are from Nayagarh. Kabi samrat Upendra Bhanja known for Baidehisha Bilas and others who throughout his poetic career lived in Nayagarh and had the boon of Lord Sriram from the temple of Deuli village in Nayagarh, Utkala Ghanta Jadumani Mahapatra, known for Raghab Bilas and Prabandha Purnachandra, Kabisurya Sadananda Brahma who is the guru (teacher) of gaudiya kabi Abhimanyu Samant Singhar, Banigourab Kabi Biswanath Champati who was a great poet, tantrik and astrologer. Above all, the great Samant Chandra Sekhar (popularly known as Pathani Samanta ) of Khandapara was a great poet whose Sidhant Darpan stands as a witness, a great work of Sanskrit literature written in Odia script on astrological treaties, which stands as a masterpiece of astrological research in world literature. Jagu Rautray was the army general of the king of Nayagarh who defeated Kujanga Sandha a great fighter of Kujang in Odisha. Sankirtan gayaks Anand Nayak (titled niankhunta—burning rod, village-Notar), Harihar Nayak (vil.-Phasipada), Udayanath Prusty (vil. Godipada), etc., are a few to mention. Arjun Barik (vil.- Badadesh Haripur) is also a well-known poet of Nayagarh.

Politics
The current MLA is Arun Kumar Sahoo of Biju Janta Dal (BJD), who won the seat for the third term in State elections in 2014. Previous MLAs from this seat were Arun Kumar Sahoo (2004–2009), Bhagabat Behera who won this seat representing BJD in 2000, representing JD in 1990, representing JNP in 1985 and 1977, Sitakanta Mishra of INC in 1995, and Bansidhar Sahoo of INC(I) in 1980.

Print media of Nayagarh
The print media of Nayagarh District are Nayagarh Darpan, Sambad Parampara, Graharaj, Baghua Barta. Among all Nayagarh Darpan is largely circulated fortnightly News Paper in Nayagarh District.

Lok Sabha constituency
Nayagarh was a part of Bhubaneswar (Lok Sabha constituency). And after delimitation it is now part of Puri loksabha constituency from 2009.