New Norcia Station

New Norcia Station (also known as NNO) is an ESTRACK Earth station in Australia for communication with spacecraft after launch, in low Earth orbit, in geostationary orbit and in deep space. It is located 10 km south of the town of New Norcia, Western Australia. It was the first ESA deep space ground station, followed by Cebreros Station and Malargüe Station.

New Norcia Station was one of the stations providing communications, tracking and data download from the Rosetta spacecraft. It supports the BepiColombo mission.

History
Construction began in April 2000 and lasted until the end of the first half of 2002. Installation of electronics and communication equipment followed. The station was officially opened on 5 March 2003 by the Premier of Western Australia at the time, Geoff Gallop. Total construction cost was €28 million.

In December 2019, ESA announced plans to build a second 35 m deep space antenna at New Norcia to provide coverage for upcoming ESA missions, including Solar Orbiter, Hera, and Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer. This The antenna

Since June 2019, operational support and maintenance of the station has been the responsibility of CSIRO.

NNO-1
The station operates a 35 m dish designated NNO-1 capable of two-way transmission in both S- and X-bands using 2 and 20-kilowatt transmitters, as well as cryogenic low noise amplifiers for downlink. The antenna weighs over 600 t and is 40 m tall. Future upgrade plans include adding a Ka-band station to support international missions.

NNO-2
A 4.5 m dish designated NNO-2 was inaugurated on 11 February 2016. NNO-2 acts as an acquisition aid for the 35 m dish for fast-moving satellites and launch vehicles during their launch and early orbit stage.

The NNO-2 mount is capable of tracking at 20 degrees per second in azimuth and 10 degrees per second in elevation.

The 4.5 m dish has a half-power beam width of 1.9 degrees at S-band and 0.5 degrees at X-band and can be used to communicate with spacecraft up to 100,000 km in altitude. To help in signal acquisition when the spacecraft position is too uncertain, the 4.5 m dish has a 0.75 m dish piggy-backed onto it, with a half-power beam width of 3.5 degrees at X-band. There is no S-band capability on the 0.75 m dish.

NNO-2 may also be operated independently of NNO-1, as it commonly does during support activities for launches of Ariane 5, Vega, and Soyuz rockets from the Guiana Space Centre.

NNO-3
, construction of the NNO-3 antenna at New Norcia is ongoing. The new antenna is being built to the same mechanical specification as NNO-1, utilising a 35 m main reflector on a mount capable of 1 degree-per-second tracking in both azimuth and elevation, by a consortium of companies. Once complete, the antenna will support X-, K- and Ka-bands uplink and downlink, and has provision for a future 100kW class X-uplink.

Biomass Calibration Transponder
A 435MHz (also called P-band) transponder is currently (in 2024) being commissioned for the upcoming Biomass spacecraft. This 4 m antenna will enable calibration of the spacecraft during its mission to map Earth's bio-matter.