OpenEdge Advanced Business Language

OpenEdge Advanced Business Language, or OpenEdge ABL for short, is a business application development language created and maintained by Progress Software Corporation. Typically classified as a fourth-generation programming language, it utilizes an English-like syntax to simplify software development. The language was called PROGRESS or Progress 4GL up until version 9, but in 2006, PSC changed the name to OpenEdge Advanced Business Language (OpenEdge ABL), in order to overcome a presumed industry perception that 4GLs were less capable than other languages.

OpenEdge ABL helps developers to develop applications optionally using its own integrated relational database and programming tools. These applications are portable across computing systems and allow access to various popular data sources without having to learn the underlying data access methods. This means that the end-user of these products can be unaware of the underlying architecture.

By combining a fourth generation language and relational database, OpenEdge ABL allows the use of the Rapid Application Development (RAD) model for developing software.

History
The original Progress 4GL was designed in 1981 as an architecture independent language and integrated database system that could be used by non-experts to develop business applications by people who were not computer scientists but were knowledgeable in their business domain. At that time, business applications were often written in COBOL (for machines like corporate IBM mainframes) and sometimes in C (for departmental minicomputers running the UNIX operating system). When the IBM PC became popular, it developed a need for business software that could be used on those and other inexpensive computers. The Progress system was created to be used on both IBM PC machines running DOS and on a variety of computers that could run UNIX and minicomputer operating systems such as OpenVMS.

Syntax and semantics
Progress ABL is a strongly typed, late-bound, English-like programming language. Although initially designed as a procedural language, starting with version 10.1 it was enhanced with object-oriented grammar elements, which can be mixed with the original procedural style. A block of code may have a transaction scoped to it, in which case database changes will be committed when it completes. An error raised within such a block will undo these changes. These defaults may be overridden by the programmer.

Simple programs run without a Graphical User Interface, but there is syntax to create one programmatically, or programmers can use the provided tools to build one.

Hello World
The following ABL code creates a window with the text "Hello, World!" and a button labelled "OK".

A message-box can be used to achieve the same effect: The  parameter controls the message icons, and can be replaced with   or   for different looks.

The most basic "Hello, World" program is:

SQL equivalent
The SQL statement: (along with your chosen language connection and display procedures) can be expressed in Progress / ABL as:

SQL equivalent
The SQL statement: (again, along with your chosen language connection and display procedures) can be expressed in Progress / ABL as: .. (Some assumptions have been made about indexing, locking and transaction scoping in order to keep this example simple.)

Data access in the ABL is record based as opposed to result-set based processing in traditional SQL-based languages. In SQL operations work on a set of records, in the ABL, the operation is applied to a record at a time - much like using a cursor in SQL but much more efficient. Record-based processing provides a clean and reliable locking mechanism which allows the developer to EXECUTIVE-LOCK, SHARE-LOCK or NO-LOCK a record when accessed by the application.

Application areas
The language is used in a wide variety of application areas, some examples:


 * Mortgage and Auto Loan Origination at US Banks
 * Rental Car Reservation Systems
 * Manufacturing ERP
 * Wholesale Distribution ERP
 * Warehouse Systems
 * Transportation Systems
 * Commercial Service Force Dispatching
 * Security Card Systems
 * Gaming Systems (think Las Vegas, not video)

OpenEdge can be used for:
 * Microsoft Windows GUI (Graphical User Interface)
 * WWW Programming (UNIX and Windows)
 * CHUI (CHaracter User Interface) (UNIX and Windows)
 * JSON and XML appserver programming (UNIX and Windows)
 * as well background process programming (UNIX and Windows).