Ordos Mongolian

Ordos Mongolian (also Urdus; Mongolian ; Chinese 鄂尔多斯 È'ěrduōsī) is a variety of Central Mongolic spoken in the Ordos City region in Inner Mongolia and historically by Ordos Mongols. It is alternatively classified as a language within the Mongolic language family or as a dialect of the standard Mongolian language. Due to the research of Antoine Mostaert, the development of this dialect can be traced back 100 years.

The Ordos vowel-phoneme system in word-initial syllables is similar to that of Chakhar Mongolian, the most notable difference being that it has [e] and [e:] instead of [ə] and [ə:]. In southern varieties, merged into, e.g. while you still say  in Ejin Horo Banner, it has become  in Uxin or the Otog Front Banner. In contrast to the other dialects of Mongolian proper, it retains this distinction in all following syllables including in open word-final syllables, thus resembling the syllable and phoneme structure of Middle Mongolian more than any other Mongolian variety. E.g. MM Ordos  Khalkha  'mouth', Ordos  Khalkha   'short; short sheep's wool'. Accordingly, it could never acquire palatalized consonant phonemes. Due to their persistent existence as short non-initial phonemes, and  have regressively assimilated *ø and *o, e.g. *otu >  'star',  >  'offence',  >  'power'. An analogous change took place for some sequences of *a and *u, e.g. *arasu >.

Ordos retains a variant of the old comitative case and shares the innovated directive case. The verb system is not well researched, but employs a notable innovated suffix, $⟨guːn⟩$, that does not seem to adhere to the common division into three Mongolic verb suffix classes.

The lexicon of Ordos is that of a normal Mongolian dialect, with some Tibetan and Chinese loanwords.