Outline of China



The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to China:

The People's Republic of China is the most extensive country in East Asia and the third most extensive country in the world. With a population of over 1,400,000,000, it is the second most populous country in the world.

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has led the PRC under a one-party system since the state's establishment in 1949. The PRC is involved in a dispute over the political status of Taiwan. The CCP's rival during the Chinese Civil War, the Kuomintang (KMT), fled to Taiwan and surrounding islands after its defeat in 1949, claiming legitimacy over China, Mongolia, and Tuva while it was the ruling power of the Republic of China (ROC). The term "Mainland China" is often used to denote the areas under PRC rule, but sometimes excludes its two Special Administrative Regions: Hong Kong and Macau.

Because of its vast population, rapidly growing economy, and large research and development investments, China is considered an "emerging superpower". It has the world's second largest economy (largest in terms of purchasing power parity.) China is also a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Since 1978, China's market-based economic reforms have brought the poverty rate down from 53% in 1981 to 8% by 2001. However, China is now faced with a number of other socioeconomic problems, including an aging population, an increasing rural-urban income gap, and rapid environmental degradation.

China plays a major role in international trade. The country is the world's largest consumer of steel and concrete, using, respectively, a third and over a half of the world's supply of each. Counting all products, China is the largest exporter and the second largest importer in the world.

General reference



 * Pronunciation:
 * Common English country name: China
 * Official English country name: The People's Republic of China
 * Common endonym: 中国 (Zhōngguó) (The Middle Kingdom or Central Realm)
 * Official endonym: 中华人民共和国 (Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó)
 * Adjectivals: China, Chinese
 * Demonym: Chinese
 * Etymology: Name of China
 * International rankings of the People's Republic of China
 * ISO country codes: CN, CHN, 156
 * ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:CN
 * Internet country code top-level domain: .cn
 * Internet country code top-level domain: .cn

Geography of China



 * China is a megadiverse country
 * Location:
 * Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
 * Eurasia
 * Asia
 * East Asia
 * Time zone: China Standard Time (UTC+08)
 * Extreme points of China
 * High: Mount Everest 8848 m – highest point on Earth
 * Low: Turpan Depression -154 m
 * Land boundaries: 22,117 km
 * 🇲🇳 Mongolia 4,677 km
 * 🇷🇺 Russia 3,645 km
 * 🇮🇳 India (excluding the territorial border disputes; McMahon Line) 3,380 km
 * 🇲🇲 Myanmar 2,185 km
 * 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan 1,533 km
 * 🇰🇵 North Korea 1,416 km
 * Vietnam 1,281 km
 * 🇳🇵 Nepal 1,236 km
 * 🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan 858 km
 * 🇵🇰 Pakistan 523 km
 * 🇧🇹 Bhutan 470 km
 * Laos 423 km
 * 🇹🇯 Tajikistan 414 km
 * 🇦🇫 Afghanistan 76 km
 * Coastline: 14,500 km


 * Population of China: 1,321,851,888(2007) - 1st most populous country
 * Area of China: 9640821 km2 - 3rd largest country
 * Atlas of China
 * Atlas of China

Environment of China



 * Climate of China
 * Climate change in China
 * Environmental issues in China
 * Pollution in China
 * Air pollution in China
 * Water pollution in China
 * Ecoregions in China
 * Renewable energy in China
 * Geology of China
 * Earthquakes in China
 * Protected areas of China
 * Biosphere reserves in China
 * National parks of China
 * Wildlife of China
 * Flora of China
 * Fauna of China
 * Birds of China
 * Mammals of China

Natural geographic features of China

 * Glaciers of China
 * Islands of China
 * Lakes of China
 * Mountains of China
 * Rivers of China
 * Volcanoes in China
 * Waterfalls of China

Cities of China

 * Direct-administered municipalities of China
 * Districts of China
 * Counties of China
 * Villages of China (list)

Government and politics of China

 * Form of government: one-party socialist republic.
 * Capital of China: Beijing
 * Elections in China
 * Political parties in China
 * Taxation in China

United front

 * United Front

Ruling party

 * Chinese Communist Party
 * General Secretary (paramount leader): Xi Jinping
 * Politburo (Standing Committee)
 * Secretariat
 * First Secretary: Cai Qi

Ultimate authority and Legislative branch

 * National People's Congress (unicameral)
 * Standing Committee
 * Chairman: Zhao Leji
 * Head of state (nominal): President, Xi Jinping

Administrative branch

 * Head of government: Premier, Li Qiang
 * State Council, Li's Government

Judicial branch

 * Supreme People's Court
 * President and Chief Justice: Zhang Jun

Procuratorial branch

 * Supreme People's Procuratorate
 * Prosecutor-General: Ying Yong

Supervisory branch

 * Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (National Supervisory Commission)
 * Secretary: Li Xi
 * Director: Liu Jinguo

Military branch

 * Central Military Commission
 * Chairman: Xi Jinping

Foreign relations of China

 * Diplomatic missions in China
 * Diplomatic missions of China

International organization membership
The People's Republic of China is a member of:


 * African Development Bank Group (AfDB) (nonregional member)
 * African Union/United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur (UNAMID)
 * Arctic Council (observer)
 * Asian Development Bank (ADB)
 * Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
 * Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT)
 * Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (dialogue partner)
 * Association of Southeast Asian Nations Regional Forum (ARF)
 * Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
 * Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)
 * Central American Integration System (SICA) (observer)
 * East Asia Summit (EAS)
 * Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
 * Group of 24 (G24) (observer)
 * Group of 77 (G77)
 * Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (G20)
 * Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
 * International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
 * International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
 * International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
 * International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
 * International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
 * International Development Association (IDA)
 * International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)
 * International Finance Corporation (IFC)
 * International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
 * International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)
 * International Labour Organization (ILO)
 * International Maritime Organization (IMO)
 * International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO)
 * International Monetary Fund (IMF)
 * International Olympic Committee (IOC)
 * International Organization for Migration (IOM)
 * International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
 * International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)
 * International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
 * International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO)


 * International Vaccine Institute (IVI)
 * Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
 * Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) (observer)
 * Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
 * Nonaligned Movement (NAM) (observer)
 * Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)
 * Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
 * Organization of American States (OAS) (observer)
 * Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) (partner)
 * Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
 * Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
 * South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) (observer)
 * United Nations (UN)
 * United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
 * United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
 * United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
 * United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
 * United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)
 * United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT)
 * United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)
 * United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)
 * United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL)
 * United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS)
 * United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire (UNOCI)
 * United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)
 * United Nations Security Council (permanent member, since 1971)
 * United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)
 * Universal Postal Union (UPU)
 * World Customs Organization (WCO)
 * World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)
 * World Health Organization (WHO)
 * World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
 * World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
 * World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
 * World Trade Organization (WTO)
 * Zangger Committee (ZC)

Law and order in China

 * Capital punishment in China
 * Constitution of the People's Republic of China
 * Crime in China
 * Human rights in China
 * Freedom of religion in China
 * Percecution of Christians in China
 * Law enforcement in the People's Republic of China

Military of China

 * Command
 * Commander-in-chief: Chairman of the Central Military Commission
 * Central Military Commission
 * People's Liberation Army
 * Ground Force
 * Ranks of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force
 * Navy
 * Ranks of the People's Liberation Army Navy
 * Air Force
 * Ranks of the People's Liberation Army Air Force
 * Rocket Force
 * Strategic Support Force
 * People's Armed Police
 * Militia
 * Military history of China (pre-1911)

Local government in China

 * Local government in China

History of China

 * Economic history of China
 * Military history of China (pre-1911)
 * List of earthquakes in China

Culture of China

 * Architecture of China
 * Art in China
 * Cinema of China
 * Chinese clothing
 * Cuisine of China
 * Ethnic minorities in China
 * Festivals in China
 * Languages of China
 * Media in China
 * National symbols of China
 * National Emblem of the People's Republic of China
 * Flag of the People's Republic of China
 * National anthem of China
 * People of China
 * Prostitution in China
 * Public holidays in the People's Republic of China
 * Religion in China
 * Buddhism in China
 * Chinese folk religion
 * Christianity in China
 * Hinduism in China
 * Islam in China
 * Judaism in China
 * Taoism in China
 * List of World Heritage Sites in China
 * Literature of China
 * Music of China
 * Television in the People's Republic of China
 * Theatre in China

Sports in China

 * Football in China
 * China at the Olympics
 * China at the Asian Games

Economy and infrastructure of China

 * Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2011): 2nd (second)
 * Agriculture in China
 * Banking in China
 * People's Bank of China
 * Communications in China
 * Internet in China
 * Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre
 * Currency of China: Renminbi Yuan
 * ISO 4217: CNY
 * Economic history of China
 * Energy in China
 * Energy policy of China
 * Oil industry in China
 * Health care in China
 * Abortion in China
 * Chinese stock exchanges
 * Tourism in China
 * Transport in China
 * Airports in China
 * Rail transport in China
 * Roads in China
 * Water supply and sanitation in China

Education in China

 * Higher education in China
 * List of universities in China