Outline of Kazakhstan



The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Kazakhstan:

The Republic of Kazakhstan is a landlocked sovereign country located across both Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world as well as the world's largest landlocked country, it has a territory of 2,727,300 km2 (greater than Western Europe). It is bordered by Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and China. The country also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea.

Vast in size, the land in Kazakhstan is very diverse in types of terrain: flatlands, steppes, taigas, rock-canyons, hills, deltas, mountains, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. Kazakhstan has the 62nd largest population in the world, with a population density of less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 per sq. mi.).

Kazakhstan declared itself an independent country on December 16, 1991, the last Soviet republic to do so. Its communist-era leader, Nursultan Nazarbayev, became the country's new president. Since independence, Kazakhstan has pursued a balanced foreign policy and worked to develop its economy, especially its hydrocarbon industry. While the country's economic outlook is improving, President Nazarbayev maintains strict control over the country's politics. Several opposition leaders and journalists have been killed in recent years, and Western observers generally do not consider Kazakhstan's elections to be free and fair. Nevertheless, Kazakhstan's international prestige is building. It is now considered to be the dominant state in Central Asia. The country belongs to many international organizations, including the United Nations, NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. In 2010, Kazakhstan will chair the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. In 2011, it formed a customs union with Russia and Belarus.

Kazakhstan is ethnically and culturally diverse, in part due to the mass deportations of many ethnic groups to the country during Stalin's rule. Kazakhs are the largest group, followed by Russians. Kazakhstan allows freedom of religion, and many different beliefs are represented in the country. Islam is the primary religion, followed by Orthodox Christianity. The official language is Kazakh, though Russian is still commonly and most widely used for everyday communication.

General reference

 * Pronunciation:
 * Common English country name: Kazakhstan
 * Official English country name: The Republic of Kazakhstan
 * Adjectives: Kazakhstani, Kazakh
 * Demonym(s):
 * Etymology: Name of Kazakhstan
 * International rankings of Kazakhstan
 * ISO country codes: KZ, KAZ, 398
 * ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:KZ
 * Internet country code top-level domain: .kz

Geography of Kazakhstan
Geography of Kazakhstan
 * Kazakhstan is: a landlocked country
 * Location:
 * Kazakhstan is a region or subregion of:
 * Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
 * Eurasia
 * Asia
 * Central Asia
 * Europe
 * Eastern Europe (a small portion only; 381,567 km2)
 * Time zones:
 * Eastern Kazakhstan Time UTC+6
 * Western Kazakhstan Time UTC+5
 * Extreme points of Kazakhstan
 * High: Khan Tengri 7010 m
 * Low: Caspian Depression -132 m
 * Land boundaries: 12,185 km
 * 🇷🇺 Russia 6,846 km
 * 🇺🇿 Uzbekistan 2,203 km
 * 🇨🇳 China 1,533 km
 * 🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan 1,224 km
 * 🇹🇲 Turkmenistan 379 km
 * Coastline: none


 * Population of Kazakhstan: 18,177,700 – 62nd most populous country
 * Area of Kazakhstan: 2,724,900 km2
 * Atlas of Kazakhstan
 * Atlas of Kazakhstan

Environment of Kazakhstan


Environment of Kazakhstan
 * Climate of Kazakhstan
 * Environmental issues in Kazakhstan
 * Renewable energy in Kazakhstan
 * Protected areas of Kazakhstan
 * National parks of Kazakhstan
 * Wildlife of Kazakhstan
 * Fauna of Kazakhstan
 * Birds of Kazakhstan
 * Mammals of Kazakhstan

Natural geographic features of Kazakhstan

 * Islands of Kazakhstan
 * Lakes of Kazakhstan
 * Rivers of Kazakhstan
 * List of World Heritage Sites in Kazakhstan

Administrative divisions of Kazakhstan
Administrative divisions of Kazakhstan
 * Provinces of Kazakhstan
 * Districts of Kazakhstan

Provinces of Kazakhstan
Provinces of Kazakhstan

Notes:
 * (1) Almaty and Nur-Sultan cities have the status of State importance and do not relate to any province.
 * (2) Baikonur city has a special status because it is currently being leased to Russia with Baikonur cosmodrome through the year 2050.

Districts of Kazakhstan
Districts of Kazakhstan

Municipalities of Kazakhstan
Municipalities of Kazakhstan
 * Capital of Kazakhstan: Capital of Kazakhstan
 * Cities of Kazakhstan

Demography of Kazakhstan
Demographics of Kazakhstan

Government and politics of Kazakhstan
Politics of Kazakhstan
 * Form of government: presidential republic
 * Capital of Kazakhstan: Capital of Kazakhstan
 * Elections in Kazakhstan
 * Political parties in Kazakhstan
 * Taxation in Kazakhstan

Branches of the government of Kazakhstan
Government of Kazakhstan

Executive branch of the government of Kazakhstan

 * Head of state: Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan
 * Head of government: Karim Masimov, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan

Legislative branch of the government of Kazakhstan

 * Parliament of Kazakhstan (bicameral)
 * Upper house: Senate of Kazakhstan
 * Lower house: Mazhilis

Judicial branch of the government of Kazakhstan
Court system of Kazakhstan
 * Supreme Court of Kazakhstan

Foreign relations of Kazakhstan
Foreign relations of Kazakhstan
 * Diplomatic missions in Kazakhstan
 * Diplomatic missions of Kazakhstan

International organization membership
The Republic of Kazakhstan is a member of:


 * Asian Development Bank (ADB)
 * Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)
 * Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
 * Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
 * Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC)
 * Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC)
 * European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
 * Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
 * General Confederation of Trade Unions (GCTU)
 * International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
 * International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
 * International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
 * International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
 * International Development Association (IDA)
 * International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)
 * International Finance Corporation (IFC)
 * International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
 * International Labour Organization (ILO)
 * International Maritime Organization (IMO)
 * International Monetary Fund (IMF)
 * International Olympic Committee (IOC)
 * International Organization for Migration (IOM)
 * International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
 * International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)
 * International Telecommunication Union (ITU)


 * International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO)
 * Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
 * Islamic Development Bank (IDB)
 * Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
 * Nonaligned Movement (NAM) (observer)
 * Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)
 * Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
 * Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
 * Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
 * Organization of American States (OAS) (observer)
 * Partnership for Peace (PFP)
 * Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
 * United Nations (UN)
 * United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
 * United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
 * United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
 * Universal Postal Union (UPU)
 * World Confederation of Labour (WCL)
 * World Customs Organization (WCO)
 * World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)
 * World Health Organization (WHO)
 * World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
 * World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
 * World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
 * World Trade Organization (WTO) (observer)

Law and order in Kazakhstan
Law of Kazakhstan
 * Constitution of Kazakhstan
 * Human rights in Kazakhstan
 * LGBT rights in Kazakhstan
 * Freedom of religion in Kazakhstan
 * Law enforcement in Kazakhstan

Military of Kazakhstan
Military of Kazakhstan
 * Command
 * Commander-in-chief:
 * Forces
 * Army of Kazakhstan
 * Navy of Kazakhstan
 * Air Force of Kazakhstan

History of Kazakhstan
History of Kazakhstan

Culture of Kazakhstan
Culture of Kazakhstan
 * Cuisine of Kazakhstan
 * Languages of Kazakhstan
 * Media in Kazakhstan
 * National symbols of Kazakhstan
 * Coat of arms of Kazakhstan
 * Flag of Kazakhstan
 * National anthem of Kazakhstan
 * People of Kazakhstan
 * Kazakhs
 * Russians in Kazakhstan
 * Ukrainians in Kazakhstan
 * Germans of Kazakhstan
 * Armenians in Kazakhstan
 * Greeks in Kazakhstan
 * Kazakh Jews
 * Prostitution in Kazakhstan
 * Public holidays in Kazakhstan
 * Religion in Kazakhstan
 * Buddhism in Kazakhstan
 * Christianity in Kazakhstan
 * Hinduism in Kazakhstan
 * Islam in Kazakhstan
 * Judaism in Kazakhstan
 * List of World Heritage Sites in Kazakhstan

Art in Kazakhstan

 * Cinema of Kazakhstan
 * Literature of Kazakhstan
 * Music of Kazakhstan
 * Television in Kazakhstan

Sports in Kazakhstan
Sports in Kazakhstan
 * Football in Kazakhstan
 * Kazakhstan at the Olympics

Economy and infrastructure of Kazakhstan
Economy of Kazakhstan
 * Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 55th (fifty-fifth)
 * Agriculture in Kazakhstan
 * Banking in Kazakhstan
 * National Bank of Kazakhstan
 * Communications in Kazakhstan
 * Internet in Kazakhstan
 * Companies of Kazakhstan
 * Currency of Kazakhstan: Tenge
 * ISO 4217: KZT
 * Energy in Kazakhstan
 * Energy policy of Kazakhstan
 * Health care in Kazakhstan
 * Mining in Kazakhstan
 * Kazakhstan Stock Exchange
 * Tourism in Kazakhstan
 * Transport in Kazakhstan
 * Airports in Kazakhstan
 * Rail transport in Kazakhstan
 * Roads in Kazakhstan

Education in Kazakhstan
Education in Kazakhstan

Health in Kazakhstan
Health in Kazakhstan