Palpada

Palpada is a genus of 85 neotropical and nearctic flower flies or hoverflies This genus is often colorful and bee-like. It is in the tribe Eristaliini containing dozens of genera Common sister genera include Eristalis (99 species), Meromacrus (43 sp.), Eristalinus (100 sp.) and Helophilus (50 sp.). The genus palpada is distinguished by:
 * Eyes with uniform pile.
 * Meron with fine pale hairs in front of or below spiracle.
 * Hind femur with basal patch of dense black setulae.
 * Cell r2+3 closed before wing margin.
 * R4+5 moderately to strongly dipped into cell r4+5.

The larvae are aquatic and have a distinctive shape, usually being referred to as rat-tailed. The rat-tail is a breathng tube that allows the larvae to live in low oxygen water.

Species
• P.aemula (Williston, 1891)

• P. agrorum (Fabricius, 1787)

• P. aemula (Williston, 1891)

• P. albifrons (Wiedemann, 1830)

• P. albiventris (Bigot, 1880)

• P. alhambra (Hull, 1925)

• P. amazon (Curran, 1930)

• P. atrimana (Loew, 1866)

• P. bequaerti (Hull, 1942)

• P. bistellata (Hull, 1935)

• P.braziliensis (Goot, 1964)

• P.caliginosa (Walker, 1849)

• P. chilena (Rondani, 1863)

• P. claripennis (Hull, 1949)

• P. clarissima (Giglio-tos, 1892)

• P.claudia (Curran, 1930)

• P. conica (Fabricius, 1805)

• P. cora (Hull, 1949)

• P. cordiformis (Morales, 2009)

• P. cosmia (Schiner, 1868)

• P. cyanea (Thunberg, 1819)

• P.diminuta (Walker, 1849)

• P. distinguenda (Wiedemann, 1830)

• P.doris (Curran, 1930)

• P. elegans (Blanchard, 1854)

• P. erratica (Curran, 1930)

• P.expicta (Walker, 1860)

• P. familiaris (Walker, 1860)

• P. fasciata (Wiedemann, 1819)

• P. fasciculata (Curran, 1938)

• P.flavipennis (Macquart, 1842)

• P. flavoscutellata (Hull, 1937)

• P. florea (Hull, 1925)

• P. fuliginosa (Hull, 1935)

• P. funerea (Rondani, 1850)

• P. furcata (Wiedemann, 1819)

• P. fuscipennis (Macquart, 1846)

• P. gagathina (Bigot, 1887)

• P. geniculata (Fabricius, 1805)

• P.hortorum (Fabricius, 1775)

• P. incubus (Hull, 1943)

• P. intermedia

• P.interrupta (Fabricius, 1805)

• P. inversa (Wiedemann, 1830)

• P. langi (Curran, 1934)

• P. lindneri (Thompson, 1999)

• P. macula (Sack, 1941)

• P. megafemur (Thompson, 1999 )

• P. meigenii (Wiedemann, 1830)

• P. melanaspis (Wiedemann, 1830)

• P. mexicana (Macquart, 1847)

• P.minutalis (Williston, 1891)

• P. mirabilis (Hull, 1925)

• P.mitis

• P.monticola (Röder, 1886)

• P.nigripes (Wiedemann, 1830)

• P.obsoleta Wiedemann, 1830

• P.ochracea (Williston, 1888)

• P.panorama (Reemer & Morales, 2016)

• P.parvula (Williston, 1888)

• P.precipua (Williston, 1888)

• P.precipuus

• P. prietorum (Mengual, 2008)

• P.pusilla (Macquart, 1842)

• P.pusio (Wiedemann, 1830)

• P.pusioides (Hull, 1951)

• P.pygolampa (Wiedemann, 1830)

• P.ruficeps (Macquart, 1842)

• P.rufipedes (Thompson, 1976)

• P.rufiventris (Macquart, 1846)

• P.rufoscutellata (Sack, 1921)

• P.schistacea (Williston, 1888)

• P.scopanthus (Hull, 1944)

• P.scutellaris (Fabricius, 1805)

• P.semicirculus (Walker, 1852)

• P.signata (Lagrange, 1987)

• P.solennis (Walker, 1852)

• P.spectabilis (Hull, 1925)

• P.suprarufa (Thompson, 1999)

• P.taenia (Wiedemann, 1830)

• P.tatei (Curran, 1930)

• P.texana (Hull, 1925)

• P.thalia (Hull, 1942)

• P.triangularis (Giglio-tos, 1892)

• P.urotaenia (Curran, 1930)

• P.vera (Hull, 1949)

• P.vierecki (Curran, 1930)

• P.vinetorum (Fabricius 1799)

• P.xanthosceles (Thompson, 1981)