Paulo Afonso Falls

Paulo Afonso Falls (Portuguese: Cachoeira de Paulo Afonso) is a series of waterfalls on the São Francisco River in the north-east of Brazil adjacent to the city of Paulo Afonso.

Structure
The falls consist of a series of tiered cascades that descend approximately 24.4 m before plunging 79.3 m into a narrow gorge. The falls have an overall height of 84 m.

Prior to damming, the falls had an estimated flow rate of 2,832 m3/s and a maximum flow rate of at least 14,158 m3/s. This would've made the falls the largest in Brazil and among the largest in the world.

History
The waterfall has been known to the indigenous population of the São Francisco River basin since time immemorial and to Portuguese colonizers since the 16th century.

Damming
In 1912, the São Francisco River was dammed by the Hidrelétrica de Angiquinho upstream of the falls. The hydroelectric dam the first hydroelectric power station in northeastern Brazil.

In the early 1940s, the Brazilian government sponsored the expansion of the Hidrelétrica de Angiquinho to provide much of the semi-arid interior with a reliable source of electricity. Construction of the Paulo Afonso Hydroelectric Complex began in 1948, which greatly reduced the volume of water flowing over the falls. Since the completion of the hydroelectric complex, the falls have acted as a natural spillway during high rainfall years.