Pema Lingpa



Pema Lingpa or Padma Lingpa (, 1450–1521) was a Bhutanese saint and siddha of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. He is considered a terchen or "preeminent tertön" (, discoverer of spiritual treasures) and is considered to be foremost of the "Five Tertön Kings". In the history of the Nyingma school in Bhutan, Pema Lingpa is second only in importance to Padmasambhava.

Biography
Pema Lingpa was born in Chel presently called Baribrang in Tang valley of Bumthang, part of the central Bhutanese region of Bumthang known as the “Wheel of Dharma.” His father was Lama Döndrup Zangpo of the Nyö clan, and his mother, Drogmo Pema Drolma, was bestowed with all the signs of a dakini. Their son was born among many miraculous signs. As an incarnation of the Omniscient One Drimé Ozer (Longchenpa), Pema Lingpa was extraordinary even as a child. He learned everything from reading and writing to ironwork and carpentry without receiving any instruction.

On the tenth day of the first month of autumn in a Monkey Year, Padmasambhava appeared before Pema Lingpa at the holy site of Yigé Drukma, blessed him, and placed in his hands an inventory of one hundred and eight major termas to be revealed. However, due to the karmic disposition of beings at that time, during his lifetime Pema Lingpa revealed only about half of the prophesied treasures. Nevertheless, the revealed treasures of Pema Lingpa contain the essence of all 108 treasures, which are summarized in the cycles of the three heart practices transmitted to Princess Pemasel by Guru Rinpoche: The Lama Jewel Ocean, The Union of Samantabhadra's Intentions, and The Great Compassionate One: The Lamp That Illuminates Darkness.

One well-known story of Pema Lingpa tells of his diving with a burning butter lamp into the Burning Lake in the Bumthang District of Bhutan. He told onlookers that if he was a false spirit his lamp would be extinguished. Disappearing into the bottom of the gorge and feared drowned, he emerged from the water with a statue the size of a fist and a treasure casket tucked under one arm, and the butter lamp still burning in the other.

Pema Lingpa was highly regarded by all four of the principal schools of Tibetan Buddhism. He spent his life revealing the precious treasures of Padmasambhava, giving empowerments and teachings, meditating in isolated locations, building and restoring monasteries, and establishing a tradition that endures to this day. He married twice. His first wife was Yum Tima (alias Sithar) and his second wife was Yum Bumdren.

Notable descendants of Pema Lingpa include the House of Wangchuck. The Pema Lingpa lineage of empowerments, transmissions and guidance continues today through the three lines of the Body, Speech, and Mind emanations of Pema Lingpa: the Gangteng, Sungtrul, and Tukse Rinpoches, all of whom traditionally reside in Bhutan.

Emanation lineages
Traditionally, there are three main emanation lineages of Padma Lingpa recognized: They are known as "Peling Yab-sey-sum" meaning incarnations of Father, son and grandson, who are considered to be the combined body and activity incarnations. However mistakenly many refer to three of them as incarnations of speech, mind and body.
 * 1) the Peling Sungtrul incarnations: The incarnation of Padma Lingpa
 * 2) the Peling Thuksay incarnations: The incarnations of Padma Lingpa's son Thuksay Dawa Gyeltshen
 * 3) the Gangteng Truelku or Peling Gyalse incarnations: The incarnations of Gyalse Pema Thinley; son of Thuksay Dawa Gyeltshen.

Peling Sungtrul incarnations
The incarnations are:
 * Tenzin Drakpa བསྟན་འཛིན་གྲགས་པ (1536–1597)
 * Kunkhyen Tsultim Dorje ཀུན་མཁྱེན་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་རྡོ་རྗེ (1680–1723)
 * Dorje Mikyō-tsal རྡོ་རྗེ་མི་སྐྱོད་རྩལ a.k.a. Ngawang Kunzang Rolpai Dorje ངག་དབང་ཀུན་བཟང་རོལ་པའི་རྡོ་རྗེ  (1725–1762)
 * Kunzang Tsewang ཀུན་བཟང་ཚེ་དབང a.k.a. Tenzin Drubchog Dorje བསྟན་འཛིན་གྲུབ་མཆོག་རྡོ་རྗེ (1763–1817)
 * Kunzang Tenpai Gyaltsen ཀུན་བཟང་བསྟན་པའི་རྒྱལ་མཚན (1819–1842)
 * Pema Tenzin པདྨ་བསྟན་འཛིན a.k.a. Kunzang Ngawang Chokyi Lodro ཀུན་བཟང་ངག་དབང་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བློ་གྲོས
 * Kunzang Dechen Dorje ཀུན་བཟང་བདེ་ཆེན་རྡོ་རྗེ
 * Tenzin Chōki Gyaltsen བསྟན་འཛིན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན (1843–1891)
 * Pema Ōsal Gyurme Dorje པདྨ་འོད་གསལ་འགྱུར་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ (1930–1955)
 * Jigdrel Kunzang Pema Dorji ཀུན་བཟང་པདྨ་རིན་ཆེན་རྣམ་རྒྱལ (b. 1965) – the present Peling Sungtrul or Lhalung Sungtrul Rinpoche

Peling Tukse incarnations
The incarnations are:
 * Tukse Dawa Gyaltsen ཐུགས་སྲས་ཟླ་བ་རྒྱལ་མཚན (b. 1499) – son of Pema Lingpa
 * Nyida Gyaltsen ཉི་ཟླ་རྒྱལ་མཚན
 * Nyida Longyang ཉི་ཟླ་རྒྱལ་མཚན
 * Tenzin Gyurme Dorje <span style="font-family: 'DDC Uchen', Kailash, Jomolhari; ">བསྟན་འཛིན་འགྱུར་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ (1641 – ca. 1702)
 * Gyurme Chogdrub Palzang <span style="font-family: 'DDC Uchen', Kailash, Jomolhari; ">འགྱུར་མེད་མཆོག་གྲུབ་དཔལ་འབར་བཟང་པོ (ca. 1708–1750)
 * Tenzin Chokyi Nyima <span style="font-family: 'DDC Uchen', Kailash, Jomolhari; ">བསྟན་འཛིན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཉི་མ (ca. 1752–1775)
 * Kunzang Gyurme Dorje Lungrig Chokyi Gocha <span style="font-family: 'DDC Uchen', Kailash, Jomolhari; ">ཀུན་བཟང་འགྱུར་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་ལུང་རིགས་ཆོས་ཀྱི་གོ་ཆ (ca. 1780 – ca. 1825)
 * Kunzang Zilnon Zhadpa-tsal <span style="font-family: 'DDC Uchen', Kailash, Jomolhari; ">ཀུན་བཟང་ཟིལ་གནོན་བཞད་པ་རྩལ
 * Thubten Palwar <span style="font-family: 'DDC Uchen', Kailash, Jomolhari; ">ཐུབ་བསྟན་དཔལ་འབར (1906–1939)
 * Tegchog Tenpa'i Gyaltsen <span style="font-family: 'DDC Uchen', Kailash, Jomolhari; ">ཐེག་མཆོག་བསྟན་པའི་རྒྱལ་མཚན (1951–2010)

Peling Gyalse (Gangteng Tulku) incarnations
The incarnations are:
 * Gyalse Pema Tinley <span style="font-family: 'DDC Uchen', Kailash, Jomolhari; ">རྒྱལ་སྲས་པདྨ་འཕྲིན་ལས (1564–1642)
 * Tenzin Lekpai Dondrup <span style="font-family: 'DDC Uchen', Kailash, Jomolhari; ">བསྟན་འཛིན་ལེགས་པའི་དོན་གྲུབ (1645–1726)
 * Tinley Namgyal <span style="font-family: 'DDC Uchen', Kailash, Jomolhari; ">འཕྲིན་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ a.k.a. Kunzang Pema Namgyal (<span style="font-family: 'DDC Uchen', Kailash, Jomolhari; "> d. ca. 1750)
 * Tenzin Sizhi Namgyal <span style="font-family: 'DDC Uchen', Kailash, Jomolhari; ">བསྟན་འཛིན་སྲིད་ཞི་རྣམ་རྒྱལ (1761? –1796)
 * Orgyen Geleg Namgyal <span style="font-family: 'DDC Uchen', Kailash, Jomolhari; ">ཨོ་རྒྱན་དགེ་ལེགས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ (d. 1842?)
 * Orgyen Tenpai Nyima <span style="font-family: 'DDC Uchen', Kailash, Jomolhari; ">ཨོ་རྒྱན་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ (1873–1900?)
 * Orgyen Tenpai Nyinjed <span style="font-family: 'DDC Uchen', Kailash, Jomolhari; ">ཨོ་རྒྱན་བསྟན་པའི་ཉིན་བྱེད
 * Orgyen Thinley Dorje <span style="font-family: 'DDC Uchen', Kailash, Jomolhari; ">ཨོ་རྒྱན་འཕྲིན་ལས་རྡོ་རྗེ
 * Rigdzing Kunzang Padma Namgyal <span style="font-family: 'DDC Uchen', Kailash, Jomolhari; ">རིག་འཛིན་ཀུན་བཟང་པདྨ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ (b. 1955) – the present Gangteng Tulku Rinpoche

Family lineages
Pema Lingpa's family line grew into a pre-eminent class of religious elites, known as Choje, who were pre-dominant in the Bhutanese religious and political sphere. The House of Wangchuck claims direct descent from Pema Lingpa, as do many other Himalayan religious elites.

Tamzhing Chöje
This Chöje family, with its main seat at Tamzhing Monastery, began with Pema Lingpa's son, Drakpa Gyalpo, who died without leaving an heir. The family line continued through Pema Lingpa's youngest son, Sangda.