Percy Heath

Percy Heath (April 30, 1923 – April 28, 2005) was an American jazz bassist, brother of saxophonist Jimmy Heath and drummer Albert Heath, with whom he formed the Heath Brothers in 1975. Heath played with the Modern Jazz Quartet throughout their long history and also worked with Miles Davis, Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Wes Montgomery, Thelonious Monk and Lee Konitz.

Biography
Heath was born in Wilmington, North Carolina, United States, and spent his childhood in Philadelphia. His father played the clarinet and his mother sang in the church choir. He started playing violin at the age of eight and also sang locally. He was drafted into the Army in 1944, trained with the Tuskegee Airmen, graduating as a 2nd Lieutenant pilot, but saw no combat.

Deciding after the war to go into music, he bought a stand-up bass and enrolled in the Granoff School of Music in Philadelphia. Soon he was playing in the city's jazz clubs with leading artists. In Chicago in 1948, he recorded with his brother on a Milt Jackson album, as members of the Howard McGhee Sextet. After moving to New York in the late 1940s, Percy and Jimmy Heath found work with Dizzy Gillespie's groups. Around this time, Percy was also a member of Joe Morris's band, together with Johnny Griffin.

It transpired that other members of the Gillespie big band, pianist John Lewis, drummer Kenny Clarke, Milt Jackson, and bassist Ray Brown, decided to form a permanent group; they were already becoming known for their interludes during Gillespie band performances that, as AllMusic.com stated, gave the rest of the band much-needed set breaks – that would eventually become known as the Modern Jazz Quartet (MJQ). When Brown left the group to join his wife Ella Fitzgerald's band, Heath joined and the group was officially begun in 1952, with Connie Kay replacing Clarke, who left in January 1955. The MJQ played regularly until it disbanded in 1974; it reformed in 1981 and last recorded in 1993.

In 1975, Percy Heath and his brothers formed the Heath Brothers with pianist Stanley Cowell. Percy would sometimes play the cello instead of the bass in these later performances.

As a sideman, he performed on approximately 300 recording dates in a career of more than 57 years.

In 1989, he received an Honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee College of Music.

In 2003, at the age of 80, Heath released his first album as a leader through the Daddy Jazz label. The album, entitled A Love Song, garnered rave reviews and served as a fitting coda for his illustrious career. It featured brother Albert Heath on drums, bassist Peter Washington and pianist Jeb Patton.

Percy Heath died, after a second bout with bone cancer, two days short of his 82nd birthday, in Southampton, New York. The month after his death, bassist William Parker recorded the tribute album For Percy Heath.

Heath was an avid striped bass fisherman, and surfcaster, who could be found on many a day, along the surf line of his beloved Montauk Point. He was well respected by the community, and his fellow fishermen. He also relished time away from the stage on his fishing boat, appropriately named "The Fiddler", kept in Montauk as well. On May 27, 2006, a plaque was set into a 5,000lb stone, at Turtle Cove, at Montauk Point, as a memorial. The ceremony was attended by his wife, June, and three sons.

As leader

 * A Love Song (2003), with Jeb Patton (piano), Peter Washington (bass), Albert "Tootie" Heath (drums)

As a member of the Modern Jazz Quartet

 * Vendome (1952, Prestige 851)
 * Modern Jazz Quartet, ii (1954–5, Prestige 170), including "Django" (1954)
 * Concorde (1955, Prestige 7005)
 * Fontessa (1956, Atlantic 1231), including "Versailles"
 * The Modern Jazz Quartet Plays No Sun in Venice (Atlantic, 1957)
 * The Modern Jazz Quartet (Atlantic, 1957)
 * Third Stream Music (1957, 1959–60, Atlantic. 1345), including "Sketch for Double String Quartet" (1959)
 * The Modern Jazz Quartet and the Oscar Peterson Trio at the Opera House (Verve, 1957)
 * The Modern Jazz Quartet at Music Inn Volume 2 (Atlantic, 1958)
 * Music from Odds Against Tomorrow (United Artists, 1959)
 * Pyramid (Atlantic, 1960)
 * European Concert (Atlantic, 1960 [1962])
 * Dedicated to Connie (Atlantic, 1960 [1995])
 * The Modern Jazz Quartet & Orchestra (Atlantic, 1960)
 * The Comedy (1962, Atlantic 1390)
 * Lonely Woman (Atlantic, 1962)
 * A Quartet is a Quartet is a Quartet (1963, Atlantic 1420)
 * Collaboration (Atlantic, 1964), with Laurindo Almeida
 * The Modern Jazz Quartet Plays George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess (Atlantic, 1964–65)
 * Jazz Dialogue (Atlantic, 1965), with the All-Star Jazz Band
 * Concert in Japan '66 (Atlantic [Japan], 1966)
 * Blues at Carnegie Hall (Atlantic, 1966)
 * Place Vendôme (Philips, 1966), with The Swingle Singers
 * Under the Jasmin Tree (Apple, 1968)
 * Space (Apple, 1969)
 * Plastic Dreams (Atlantic, 1971)
 * The Only Recorded Performance of Paul Desmond With The Modern Jazz Quartet (Finesse/Columbia, 1971 [1981]), with Paul Desmond
 * The Legendary Profile (Atlantic, 1972)
 * In Memoriam (Little David, 1973)
 * Blues on Bach (Atlantic, 1973)
 * The Last Concert (Atlantic, 1974)
 * Reunion at Budokan 1981 (Pablo, 1981)
 * Together Again: Live at the Montreux Jazz Festival '82 (Pablo, 1982)
 * Echoes (Pablo, 1984)
 * Topsy: This One's for Basie (Pablo, 1985)
 * Three Windows (Atlantic, 1987)
 * For Ellington (East West, 1988)
 * MJQ & Friends: A 40th Anniversary Celebration (Atlantic, 1992–93)

As sideman (partial list)
With Cannonball Adderley With Nat Adderley With Paul Bley With Clifford Brown With Ruth Brown With Kenny Clarke With Miles Davis With Paul Desmond With Art Farmer With Stan Getz With Dizzy Gillespie With Benny Golson With Dexter Gordon With Urbie Green With Albert Heath With Jimmy Heath With Elmo Hope With Milt Jackson With J. J. Johnson With Duke Jordan With John Lewis With Howard McGhee With Wes Montgomery With Sonny Rollins With Michel Sardaby With Zoot Sims With Kai Winding
 * Know What I Mean with Bill Evans (Riverside, 1961)
 * Work Song (Riverside, 1960)
 * Paul Bley (EmArcy, 1954)
 * New Star on the Horizon (Blue Note, 1953)
 * Miss Rhythm (Atlantic, 1959)
 * Telefunken Blues (Savoy, 1955)
 * Bags' Groove (Prestige, 1954)
 * Walkin' (Prestige, 1954)
 * Blue Haze (Prestige, 1954)
 * Miles Davis Volume 1 (Blue Note, 1955)
 * Miles Davis Volume 2 (Blue Note, 1955)
 * Miles Davis and the Modern Jazz Giants (Prestige, 1958)
 * Miles Davis at Newport 1955–1975: The Bootleg Series Vol. 4 (Columbia Legacy, 2015)
 * First Place Again (Wartner Bros., 1959)
 * Easy Living (RCA Victor, 1963–65 [1966])
 * Early Art (New Jazz, 1954)
 * The Art Farmer Septet Prestige, 1953–54)
 * When Farmer Met Gryce (Prestige, 1954), with Gigi Gryce
 * Brass Shout (United Artists, 1959)
 * Stan Getz Quartets (Prestige, 1949–50 [1955])
 * Dee Gee Days: The Savoy Sessions (Savoy, 1951–52 [1976])
 * Dizzy and Strings (Norgran, 1954)
 * The Bop Session (Sonet, 1975), with Sonny Stitt, John Lewis, Hank Jones and Max Roach
 * Benny Golson and the Philadelphians (United Artists, 1958)
 * Gotham City (Columbia, 1980 [1981])
 * Blues and Other Shades of Green (ABC-Paramount, 1955)
 * Kwanza (The First) (Muse, 1973)
 * Really Big! (Riverside, 1960)
 * The Quota (Riverside, 1961)
 * Triple Threat (Riverside, 1962)
 * Swamp Seed (Riverside, 1963)
 * Trio and Quintet (Blue Note, 1953–54)
 * Homecoming! (Riverside, 1961)
 * Meet Milt Jackson (Savoy, 1954)
 * Milt Jackson Quartet (Prestige, 1955)
 * Ballads & Blues (Atlantic, 1956)
 * Plenty, Plenty Soul (Atlantic, 1957)
 * Bags & Flutes (Atlantic, 1957)
 * J Is for Jazz (Columbia, 1956)
 * Duke Jordan Trio and Quintet (Signal, 1955)
 * with Lee Konitz
 * Lee Konitz at Storyville (Storyville, 1954)
 * The Modern Jazz Society Presents a Concert of Contemporary Music (Norgran, 1955)
 * Grand Encounter (Pacific Jazz, 1956)
 * Afternoon in Paris (Atlantic, 1957), with Sacha Distel
 * The John Lewis Piano (Atlantic, 1957)
 * Howard McGhee and Milt Jackson (Savoy, 1948 [1955]), with Milt Jackson
 * The Return of Howard McGhee (Bethlehem, 1955)
 * The Incredible Jazz Guitar of Wes Montgomery (Riverside, 1960)
 * Sonny Rollins at Music Inn (MetroJazz, 1958)
 * Night Cap (Sound Hills, 1970)
 * The Brothers (Prestige, 1949)
 * Jay and Kai (Columbia, 1957)