Phaedon Avouris

Phaedon Avouris (Φαίδων Αβούρης; born 1945) is a Greek chemical physicist and materials scientist. He is an IBM Fellow and was formerly the group leader for Nanometer Scale Science and Technology at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York.

He was born and raised in Athens, Greece. In 1968 he graduated with a BSc in chemistry from the Aristotle University in Thessaloniki, Greece.

Awards and honors
Phaedon Avouris was elected as member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2017, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2003, the Academy of Athens, Greece (Corresponding member) in 2007, and the IBM Academy of Technology in 2004.

He was also elected Fellow in the following scientific societies: American Physical Society (APS) in 1987; Institute of Physics (U.K.) in 2004; Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) in 2014); American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 1996; Materials Research Society (MRS) in 2011; American Vacuum Society (AVS) in 1997; World Technology Network (1999). For his work Avouris has received many awards from diverse scientific institutions including:
 * Irving Langmuir Prize for Chemical Physics, American Physical Society, 2003
 * Medard W. Welch Award for Surface Science, American Vacuum Society, 1997
 * IEEE Nanotechnology Section, Nanotechnology Pioneer Award, 2010
 * Richard Feynman Prize for Nanotechnology, Foresight Institute, 1999
 * Julius Springer Prize for Applied Physics (with T. Heinz), 2008
 * MRS David Turnbull Lectureship, Materials Research Society, 2011
 * Richard E. Smalley Prize of the Electrochemical Society, 2009
 * H. Bloch Medal, Excellence of Research in Industry, Univ. of Chicago, 2015
 * IBM Exceptional Achievement Corporate Award, 2011
 * Outstanding Technical Achievement Awards, IBM Corporation, 1989, 1993, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2013, 2015
 * Honorary Doctorate, International Hellenic University, 2013
 * Distinguished Alumnus Award, Michigan State University, 2001

General References

 * Phaedon Avouris, Manipulation of Matter at the Atomic and Molecular Levels, Accounts of Chemical Research (Special issue on the "Holy Grails" of Chemistry), 28, 95 (1995) Manipulation of Matter at the Atomic and Molecular Levels
 * Philip G. Collins and Phaedon Avouris, Nanotubes and the Electronics of the Future, Scientific American 283, 38 (2000) Interconnect technologies using Carbon Nanotubes: Current status and future challenges
 * Phaedon Avouris, Carbon Nanotube Electronics and Photonics, Physics Today 62,1, 34 (2009) doi: 10.1063/1.3074261
 * ACS Nano, A Conversation with Dr. Phaedon Avouris: Nanoscience Leader, vol. 4, pp. 7041-7047 (2010) A Conversation with Dr. Phaedon Avouris: Nanoscience Leader
 * IT History Society: Dr. Phaedon Avouris; Phaedon Avouris, Marcus Freitag and Vasili Perebeinos, Carbon Nanotube Optics and Optoelectronics, Nature Photonics 2, 341 (2008) Carbon-nanotube photonics and optoelectronics
 * Ph. Avouris, C. Dimitrakopoulos, Graphene: Synthesis and Applications, Materials Today, 15, 86 (2012) Graphene: synthesis and applications
 * Fengnian Xia, Phaedon Avouris, Interaction of Light with Graphene: Physics and Applications, IEEE Proceedings, 101, 1717 (2013) The Interaction of Light and Graphene: Basics, Devices, and Applications
 * Tony Low and Phaedon Avouris, Graphene Plasmonics for Terahertz to Mid-Infrared Applications, ACS Nano 8, 1086 (2014) Graphene Plasmonics for Terahertz to Mid-Infrared Applications

Publications

 * 1) LYO, I.-W.; AVOURIS, P. (1991-07-12). "Field-Induced Nanometer- to Atomic-Scale Manipulation of Silicon Surfaces with the STM". Science. 253 (5016): 173–176. doi:10.1126/science.253.5016.173. ISSN 0036-8075.
 * 2) LYO, I.-W.; AVOURIS, P. (1991-07-12). "Field-Induced Nanometer- to Atomic-Scale Manipulation of Silicon Surfaces with the STM". Science. 253 (5016): 173–176. doi:10.1126/science.253.5016.173. ISSN 0036-8075. Field-Induced Nanometer- to Atomic-Scale Manipulation of Silicon Surfaces with the STM
 * 3) I-W. Lyo and Ph. Avouris (1989). "Negative Differential Resistance on the Atomic Scale: Implications for Atomic Scale Devices". Science 245 (4924): 1369-1371. doi: 10.1126/science.245.4924.1369
 * 4) Martel, R.; Schmidt, T.; Shea, H. R.; Hertel, T.; Avouris, Ph. (1998-10-21). "Single- and multi-wall carbon nanotube field-effect transistors". Applied Physics Letters. 73 (17): 2447–2449. doi:10.1063/1.122477. ISSN 0003-6951. Single- and multi-wall carbon nanotube field-effect transistors
 * 5) Collins, P. G. (2001-04-27). "Engineering Carbon Nanotubes and Nanotube Circuits Using Electrical Breakdown". Science. 292 (5517): 706–709. 10.1126/science.1058782.
 * 6) Martel, R.; Derycke, V.; Lavoie, C.; Appenzeller, J.; Chan, K. K.; Tersoff, J.; Avouris, Ph. (2001-12-03). "Ambipolar Electrical Transport in Semiconducting Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes". Physical Review Letters. 87 (25): 256805. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.256805. ISSN 0031-9007
 * 7) Wind, S. J.; Appenzeller, J.; Avouris, Ph. (2003-07-29). "Lateral Scaling in Carbon-Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors". Physical Review Letters. 91 (5): 058301.https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.91.058301
 * 8) Perebeinos, Vasili; Tersoff, J.; Avouris, Phaedon (2004-06-25). "Scaling of Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes". Physical Review Letters. 92 (25): 257402. Scaling of Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes
 * 9) Chen, J., Perebeinos, V, Freitag, M., Tsang, J., Fu, Q., Liu, J., Avouris, P. (2005-11-18). "Bright Infrared Emission from Electrically Induced Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes". Science. 310 (5751): 1171–1174. ISSN 0036-8075. Bright Infrared Emission from Electrically Induced Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes
 * 10) Chen, Z. (2006-03-24). "An Integrated Logic Circuit Assembled on a Single Carbon Nanotube". Science. 311 (5768): 1735–1735. ISSN 0036-8075. An Integrated Logic Circuit Assembled on a Single Carbon Nanotube
 * 11) Chen, Zhihong; Lin, Yu-Ming; Rooks, Michael J.; Avouris, Phaedon (2007-12-01). "Graphene nano-ribbon electronics". Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures. 40 (2): 228–232. ISSN 1386-9477. Graphene nano-ribbon electronics
 * 12) Perebeinos, Vasili; Avouris, Phaedon (2008-07-30). "Phonon and Electronic Nonradiative Decay Mechanisms of Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes". Physical Review Letters. 101 (5): 057401. Phonon and Electronic Nonradiative Decay Mechanisms of Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes
 * 13) Xia, Fengnian; Mueller, Thomas; Lin, Yu-ming; Valdes-Garcia, Alberto; Avouris, Phaedon (2009–12). "Ultrafast graphene photodetector". Nature Nanotechnology. 4 (12): 839–843. ISSN 1748-3395. Ultrafast graphene photodetector
 * 14) Steiner, Mathias; Freitag, Marcus; Perebeinos, Vasili; Tsang, James C.; Small, Joshua P.; Kinoshita, Megumi; Yuan, Dongning; Liu, Jie; Avouris, Phaedon (2009-03-01). "Phonon populations and electrical power dissipation in carbon nanotube transistors". Nature Nanotechnology. 4 (5): 320–324. ISSN 1748-3387. Phonon populations and electrical power dissipation in carbon nanotube transistors
 * 15) Mueller, Thomas; Xia, Fengnian; Avouris, Phaedon (2010-05). "Graphene photodetectors for high-speed optical communications". Nature Photonics. 4 (5): 297–301. ISSN 1749-4893. Graphene photodetectors for high-speed optical communications
 * 16) Mueller, Thomas; Kinoshita, Megumi; Steiner, Mathias; Perebeinos, Vasili; Bol, Ageeth A.; Farmer, Damon B.; Avouris, Phaedon (2010-01). "Efficient narrow-band light emission from a single carbon nanotube p–n diode". Nature Nanotechnology. 5 (1): 27–31. ISSN 1748-3395. Efficient narrow-band light emission from a single carbon nanotube p–n diode
 * 17) Xia, Fengnian; Farmer, Damon B.; Lin, Yu-ming; Avouris, Phaedon (2010-02-10). "Graphene Field-Effect Transistors with High On/Off Current Ratio and Large Transport Band Gap at Room Temperature". Nano Letters. 10 (2): 715–718. ISSN 1530-6984. Graphene Field-Effect Transistors with High On/Off Current Ratio and Large Transport Band Gap at Room Temperature
 * 18) Lin, Y.-M.; Valdes-Garcia, A.; Han, S.-J.; Farmer, D. B.; Meric, I.; Sun, Y.; Wu, Y.; Dimitrakopoulos, C.; Grill, A.; Avouris, P.; Jenkins, K. A. (2011-06-10). "Wafer-Scale Graphene Integrated Circuit". Science. 332 (6035): 1294–1297. ISSN 0036-8075. Wafer-Scale Graphene Integrated Circuit
 * Wu, Yanqing; Lin, Yu-ming; Bol, Ageeth A.; Jenkins, Keith A.; Xia, Fengnian; Farmer, Damon B.; Zhu, Yu; Avouris, Phaedon (2011-04). "High-frequency, scaled graphene transistors on diamond-like carbon". Nature. 472 (7341): 74–78. ISSN 1476-4687. High-frequency, scaled graphene transistors on diamond-like carbon
 * 1) Xia, Fengnian; Perebeinos, Vasili; Lin, Yu-ming; Wu, Yanqing; Avouris, Phaedon (2011-03). "The origins and limits of metal–graphene junction resistance". Nature Nanotechnology. 6 (3): 179–184. ISSN 1748-3395. The origins and limits of metal–graphene junction resistance
 * 2) Engel, Michael; Steiner, Mathias; Lombardo, Antonio; Ferrari, Andrea C.; Löhneysen, Hilbert v; Avouris, Phaedon; Krupke, Ralph (2012-06-19). "Light–matter interaction in a microcavity-controlled graphene transistor". Nature Communications. 3 (1): 906. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 3621428. PMID 22713748. Light–matter interaction in a microcavity-controlled graphene transistor
 * 3) Yan, Hugen; Li, Xuesong; Chandra, Bhupesh; Tulevski, George; Wu, Yanqing; Freitag, Marcus; Zhu, Wenjuan; Avouris, Phaedon; Xia, Fengnian (2012-05). "Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks". Nature Nanotechnology. 7 (5): 330–334. ISSN 1748-3395. Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks
 * 4) Freitag, Marcus; Low, Tony; Xia, Fengnian; Avouris, Phaedon (2012-12-16). "Photoconductivity of biased graphene". Nature Photonics. 7 (1): 53–59. ISSN 1749-4885. Photoconductivity of biased graphene
 * 5) Yan, Hugen; Low, Tony; Zhu, Wenjuan; Wu, Yanqing; Freitag, Marcus; Li, Xuesong; Guinea, Francisco; Avouris, Phaedon; Xia, Fengnian (2013-05). "Damping pathways of mid-infrared plasmons in graphene nanostructures". Nature Photonics. 7 (5): 394–399. ISSN 1749-4893. Damping pathways of mid-infrared plasmons in graphene nanostructures
 * 6) Low, T.; Perebeinos, V.; Tersoff, J.; Avouris, Ph. (2012-03-01). "Deformation and Scattering in Graphene over Substrate Steps". Physical Review Letters. 108 (9): 096601. Deformation and Scattering in Graphene over Substrate Steps
 * 7) Freitag, Marcus; Low, Tony; Zhu, Wenjuan; Yan, Hugen; Xia, Fengnian; Avouris, Phaedon (2013-06-03). "Photocurrent in graphene harnessed by tunable intrinsic plasmons". Nature Communications. 4 (1): 1951. ISSN 2041-1723. Photocurrent in graphene harnessed by tunable intrinsic plasmons
 * 8) Zhu, Wenjuan; Low, Tony; Lee, Yi-Hsien; Wang, Han; Farmer, Damon B.; Kong, Jing; Xia, Fengnian; Avouris, Phaedon (2014-01-17). "Electronic transport and device prospects of monolayer molybdenum disulphide grown by chemical vapour deposition". Nature Communications. 5 (1): 3087. doi:10.1038/ncomms4087. ISSN 2041-1723. Electronic transport and device prospects of monolayer molybdenum disulphide grown by chemical vapour deposition
 * 9) Yan, Hugen; Low, Tony; Guinea, Francisco; Xia, Fengnian; Avouris, Phaedon (2014-08-13). "Tunable Phonon-Induced Transparency in Bilayer Graphene Nanoribbons". Nano Letters. 14 (8): 4581–4586. doi:10.1021/nl501628x. ISSN 1530-6984. Tunable Phonon-Induced Transparency in Bilayer Graphene Nanoribbons
 * 10) Low, Tony; Guinea, Francisco; Yan, Hugen; Xia, Fengnian; Avouris, Phaedon (2014-03-18). "Novel Midinfrared Plasmonic Properties of Bilayer Graphene". Physical Review Letters. 112 (11): 116801. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.116801. Novel Midinfrared Plasmonic Properties of Bilayer Graphene
 * 11) Koppens, F. H. L.; Mueller, T.; Avouris, Ph; Ferrari, A. C.; Vitiello, M. S.; Polini, M. (2014-10). "Photodetectors based on graphene, other two-dimensional materials and hybrid systems". Nature Nanotechnology. 9 (10): 780–793. doi:10.1038/nnano.2014.215. ISSN 1748-3395. Photodetectors based on graphene, other two-dimensional materials and hybrid systems
 * 12) Farmer, Damon B.; Rodrigo, Daniel; Low, Tony; Avouris, Phaedon (2015-03-10). "Plasmon–Plasmon Hybridization and Bandwidth Enhancement in Nanostructured Graphene". Nano Letters. 15 (4): 2582–2587. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00148. ISSN 1530-6984. Plasmon–Plasmon Hybridization and Bandwidth Enhancement in Nanostructured Graphene
 * 13) Falk, Abram L.; Chiu, Kuan-Chang; Farmer, Damon B.; Cao, Qing; Tersoff, Jerry; Lee, Yi-Hsien; Avouris, Phaedon; Han, Shu-Jen (2017-06-22). "Coherent Plasmon and Phonon-Plasmon Resonances in Carbon Nanotubes". Physical Review Letters. 118 (25). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.257401. ISSN 0031-9007. Coherent Plasmon and Phonon-Plasmon Resonances in Carbon Nanotubes
 * 14) Low, Tony; Chaves, Andrey; Caldwell, Joshua D.; Kumar, Anshuman; Fang, Nicholas X.; Avouris, Phaedon; Heinz, Tony F.; Guinea, Francisco; Martin-Moreno, Luis; Koppens, Frank (2017-02). "Polaritons in layered two-dimensional materials". Nature Materials. 16 (2): 182–194. doi:10.1038/nmat4792. ISSN 1476-4660. Polaritons in layered two-dimensional materials
 * Ho, Po-Hsun; Farmer, Damon B.; Tulevski, George S.; Han, Shu-Jen; Bishop, Douglas M.; Gignac, Lynne M.; Bucchignano, Jim; Avouris, Phaedon; Falk, Abram L. (2018-12-11). "Intrinsically ultrastrong plasmon–exciton interactions in crystallized films of carbon nanotubes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (50): 12662–12667. doi:10.1073/pnas.1816251115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6294907. PMID 30459274.
 * 1) Lee, In-Ho; Yoo, Daehan; Avouris, Phaedon; Low, Tony; Oh, Sang-Hyun (2019-02-11). "Graphene acoustic plasmon resonator for ultrasensitive infrared spectroscopy". Nature Nanotechnology. 14 (4): 313–319. doi:10.1038/s41565-019-0363-8. ISSN 1748-3387. Graphene acoustic plasmon resonator for ultrasensitive infrared spectroscopy
 * 2) Lee, In-Ho; He, Mingze; Zhang, Xi; Luo, Yujie; Liu, Song; Edgar, James H.; Wang, Ke; Avouris, Phaedon; Low, Tony; Caldwell, Joshua D.; Oh, Sang-Hyun (2020-07-20). "Image polaritons in boron nitride for extreme polariton confinement with low losses". Nature Communications. 11 (1). doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17424-w. ISSN 2041-1723. Image polaritons in boron nitride for extreme polariton confinement with low losses
 * 3) Avouris, Phaedon (1995-03-01). "Manipulation of Matter at the Atomic and Molecular Levels". Accounts of Chemical Research. 28 (3): 95–102. doi:10.1021/ar00051a002. ISSN 0001-4842. Manipulation of Matter at the Atomic and Molecular Levels
 * 1) Lee, In-Ho; Yoo, Daehan; Avouris, Phaedon; Low, Tony; Oh, Sang-Hyun (2019-02-11). "Graphene acoustic plasmon resonator for ultrasensitive infrared spectroscopy". Nature Nanotechnology. 14 (4): 313–319. doi:10.1038/s41565-019-0363-8. ISSN 1748-3387. Graphene acoustic plasmon resonator for ultrasensitive infrared spectroscopy
 * 2) Lee, In-Ho; He, Mingze; Zhang, Xi; Luo, Yujie; Liu, Song; Edgar, James H.; Wang, Ke; Avouris, Phaedon; Low, Tony; Caldwell, Joshua D.; Oh, Sang-Hyun (2020-07-20). "Image polaritons in boron nitride for extreme polariton confinement with low losses". Nature Communications. 11 (1). doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17424-w. ISSN 2041-1723. Image polaritons in boron nitride for extreme polariton confinement with low losses
 * 3) Avouris, Phaedon (1995-03-01). "Manipulation of Matter at the Atomic and Molecular Levels". Accounts of Chemical Research. 28 (3): 95–102. doi:10.1021/ar00051a002. ISSN 0001-4842. Manipulation of Matter at the Atomic and Molecular Levels