Picuris language

Picuris (also Picurís) is a language of the Northern Tiwa branch of Tanoan spoken in Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico.

Genealogical relations
Picuris is partially mutually intelligible with Taos dialect, spoken at Taos Pueblo. It is slightly more distantly related to Southern Tiwa (spoken at Isleta Pueblo and Sandia Pueblo).

Phonology

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! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" | Bilabial ! colspan="2" | Dental ! rowspan="2" | Alveolar ! rowspan="2" | Palatal ! colspan="2" | Velar ! rowspan="2" | Glottal ! central ! lateral !central !labial ! rowspan="4" | Stop ! voiced ! voiceless ! aspirated ! ejective ! colspan="2" | Fricative ! colspan="2" | Nasal ! colspan="2" |Approximant ! colspan="2" |Flap
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 * The consonants are only found in recent Spanish loanwords.
 * G. Trager (1942, 1943) analyzed Picuris as also having aspirated stops, ejective stops , and labialized . These are considered by F. Trager (1971) to be sequences of , , and.
 * Velar has strong frication.
 * Stops are unaspirated while  may be slightly aspirated.
 * The affricate freely varies with a more forward articulation : for example, F. Trager recorded the word  "witch" with an initial  but the related word  "witch chief" with initial.
 * The sequence is only found in a single word.
 * Alveolar has an assimilated velar variant  when it precedes labio-velar.
 * Nasal in a low-toned syllable is partially devoiced and denasalized  before a glottal stop, as in  "chokecherry" which is phonetically.
 * Fricative freely varies between a lateral fricative and a central-lateral fricative sequence
 * Lateral is palatalized  before the high front vowel.
 * Only the sonorants can occur in syllable coda position.

Vowels
Picuris has 6 vowels. Picuris also has nasalized counterparts for each vowel.


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! ! Front ! Back ! High ! Upper Mid ! Lower Mid ! Low
 * + Oral Vowels
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Picuris has three degrees of stress: primary, secondary, and unstressed. Stress affects the phonetic length of syllable rimes (lengthening the vowel or the syllable-final sonorant consonant).

Additionally, there are three tones: high, mid, and low — the mid tone being the most frequent.

Text
Two sentences with interlinear glosses:

ˌʔìˈʔīˌnẽ́ ˌpāˈʔāˌnẽ́ ˌtāˈʔāˌnẽ́ ʔã̄nnã̄ˈpīaˌtʃí ˈmẽˌwíathā-ˌpʔīnˈwēlthā-ʔīˈkʔòˌthʌ̀

corn pumpkins beans we.two.will.make at.going.being-at.Picuris-we.good.dwell

"Corn, pumpkins, beans, we live happily at Picuris by raising an abundant crop."

ˈʔẽ́ kãˈxwẽ́ˌkì

you you.have.the.tail

"It's your turn."