Plecia



Plecia is a genus of March flies (Bibionidae) comprising many species, both extant and fossilised.

Extant species

 * P. acutirostris Luo & Yang, 1988
 * P. adiastola Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
 * P. affinidecora Hardy, 1968
 * P. americana Hardy, 1940
 * P. amplipennis Skuse, 1888
 * P. aruensis Edwards, 1925
 * P. angularis Luo & Yang, 1988
 * P. avicephaliforma Hardy, 1940
 * P. bicuspidata Luo & Yang, 1988
 * P. bifida Hardy, 1968
 * P. bifoliolata Luo & Yang, 1988
 * P. bisulca Hardy, 1968
 * P. boliviana Fitzgerald, 1998
 * P. chinensis Hardy, 1949
 * P. crenula Hardy, 1968
 * P. curtispina Hardy, 1968
 * P. cuspidata Hardy, 1968
 * P. digitiformis Luo & Yang, 1988
 * P. dileracabilis Yang & Luo, 1989
 * P. dimidiata Macquart, 1846
 * P. duplicis Hardy, 1968
 * P. edwardsi Hardy, 1940
 * P. emeiensis Yang & Luo, 1989
 * P. erebea Skuse, 1889
 * P. erebeoidea Hardy, 1982
 * P. forcipiformis Yang & Luo, 1989
 * P. fulvicollis (Fabricius, 1805)
 * P. hadrosoma Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
 * P. hamata Hardy, 1968
 * P. impilosa Hardy, 1940
 * P. intricata Hardy, 1968
 * P. javensis Edwards, 1925
 * P. lateralis Hardy, 1940
 * P. lieftincki Hardy, 1968
 * P. longifolia Yang & Luo, 1989
 * P. longiforceps Duda, 1933
 * P. lopesi Hardy, 1940
 * P. mandibuliformis Yang & Luo
 * P. membranifera Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
 * P. multilobata Hardy, 1968
 * P. nagatomii Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
 * P. nearctica Hardy, 1940 – Lovebug
 * P. obtusicornis Hardy, 1968
 * P. obtusilobata Hardy, 1968
 * P. oculastra Hardy, 1968
 * P. okadai Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
 * P. ornaticornis Skuse, 1889
 * P. patula Hardy, 1968
 * P. pellucida Fitzgerald, 1998
 * P. persimilis Hardy, 1940
 * P. plagiata Wiedemann, 1824
 * P. propeforcipata Hardy, 1968
 * P. propria Hardy, 1968
 * P. protea Fitzgerald, 1998
 * P. pruinosa Hardy, 1940
 * P. pudica Hardy, 1968
 * P. punctulata Hardy, 1940
 * P. ramosa Fitzgerald, 1998
 * P. rhinigera Hardy, 1968
 * P. rostellata Loew, 1858
 * P. rufangularis Luo & Yang, 1988
 * P. ruficollis (Olivier, 1789) – Harlequin fly
 * P. rufimarginata Hardy, 1940
 * P. rufiscutella Hardy, 1940
 * P. rugosa Hardy, 1940
 * P. serrifera Hardy, 1968
 * P. spilota Hardy, 1968
 * P. stricta Hardy, 1968
 * P. tephra Fitzgerald, 1998
 * P. tetrascolata Hardy, 1968
 * P. thulinigra Hardy, 1961
 * P. trifida Hardy, 1968
 * P. triquetra Fitzgerald, 1998
 * P. trunca Fitzgerald, 1998
 * P. xyele Fitzgerald, 1998

Fossil species
Many fossil species have been assigned to Plecia with ages dating from the Cretaceous (Campanian) through the early Pleistocene (Gelasian):

Cretaceous

 * †P. myersi Peterson, 1975 (Campanian, Canadian Amber, MB)

Paleocene

 * †P. undans Zeuner, 1941 (Thanetian, ArdTun head, UK)

Eocene

 * Ypresian, Allenby Formation, Canada


 * †P. angustipennis (Handlirsch, 1910)
 * †P. canadensis (Handlirsch, 1910)
 * †P. elatior (Handlirsch, 1910)
 * †P. minutula Rice, 1959 (Allenby Formation)
 * †P. nana (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
 * †P. pictipennis (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
 * †P. pulchra (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
 * †P. pulla (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
 * †P. similkameena Scudder, 1879 (Allenby Formation)
 * †P. transitoria (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
 * †P. tulameenensis Rice, 1959 (Allenby Formation)


 * Ypresian, Driftwood shales, Canada


 * †P. cairnesi Rice, 1959


 * Ypresian, Horsefly Shales, Canada


 * †P. avus (Handlirsch, 1910)
 * †P. curtula (Handlirsch, 1910)
 * †P. dilatata (Handlirsch, 1910)
 * †P. platyptera (Handlirsch, 1910) (Horsefly Shales)
 * †P. reducta (Handlirsch, 1910) (Horsefly Shales)


 * Ypresian, "Mission Creek site", Canada


 * †P. kelownaensis Rice, 1959


 * Ypresian, Oise amber, France


 * †P. parisiensis Gee et al., 2001


 * Ypresian, Green River Formation, USA


 * †P. akerionana Fitzgerald, 1999
 * †P. dejecta Scudder, 1890
 * †P. pealei Scudder, 1890
 * †P. rhodopterina Cockerell, 1925
 * †P. winchesteri Cockerell, 1917
 * †P. woodruffi Cockerell, 1916


 * Priabonian, Baltic Amber


 * †P. borussica Meunier, 1904
 * †P. brunniptera Skartveit, 2009
 * †P. clavifemur Skartveit, 2009
 * †P. hoffeinsorum Skartveit, 2009
 * †P. prisca Meunier, 1899
 * †P. tenuicornis Skartveit, 2009


 * Priabonian, France


 * †P. angustiventris Theobald, 1937 ( Célas site, France)
 * †P. chapuisii Oustalet, 1872
 * †P. dumasi Theobald, 1937
 * †P. foersteri Theobald, 1937


 * Pribonian, United Kingdom


 * †P. acourti Cockerell, 1921 (Bembridge Marls, UK)


 * Priabonian, Florissant Formation, USA


 * †P. axeliana Cockerell, 1915
 * †P. decapitata Cockerell, 1917
 * †P. explanata Cockerell, 1917
 * †P. gradata Melander, 1949
 * †P. melanderi Cockerell, 1911
 * †P. orycta Melander, 1949
 * †P. tessella Melander, 1949

Oligocene

 * Rupelian, Brunstatt, France


 * †P. gracillima Förster, 1891


 * Rupelian, Corent, France


 * †P. joannis Oustalet, 1870
 * †P. larteti Oustalet, 1870
 * †P. longipennis Oustalet, 1870
 * †P. pallida Oustalet, 1870
 * †P. rubescens Oustalet, 1870
 * †P. sauvagei Oustalet, 1870


 * Rupelian, Calcaires de Vacheres Formation, France


 * †P. assonensis Gentilini, 1993
 * †P. larguensis Gentilini, 1993
 * †P. maimensis Gentilini, 1993


 * Rupelian, Chadrat, France


 * †P. oustaleti Brongniart, 1876


 * Chattian, Niveau du gypse d'Aix, France


 * †P. livida Heer, 1849
 * †P. painvini Meunier, 1915
 * †P. retracta Theobald, 1937
 * †P. rhenana Heyden & Heyden, 1865


 * Chattian, Camoins-les-Bains, France


 * †P. theobaldi Skartveit & Nel, 2017


 * Chattian, Rott Formation, Germany


 * †P. collossea (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
 * †P. conica Theobald, 1937
 * †P. dubia (Germar, 1837)
 * †P. exigua Statz, 1943
 * †P. gracilenta (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
 * †P. grossa Heyden & Heyden, 1865
 * †P. hypogaea (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
 * †P. inflata Oustalet, 1870
 * †P. luctuosa Heyden & Heyden, 1865
 * †P. luteola Heyden & Heyden, 1865
 * †P. lygaeoides Heer, 1849
 * †P. macrocephala (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
 * †P. morio Heer, 1849
 * †P. pennata Statz, 1943
 * †P. pinguis (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
 * †P. proserpina Heyden & Heyden, 1865
 * †P. rhenana Heyden & Heyden, 1865
 * †P. sturmi Statz, 1943
 * †P. stygia (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
 * †P. winnertzi (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)

Miocene

 * Aquitanian, Mexican amber, Mexico


 * †P. pristina Hardy, 1971


 * Burdigalian, Shanwang Formation. China


 * †P. aculeolata Zhang, 1989
 * †P. bivalvula Zhang, 1993
 * †P. capitata Zhang et al., 1994
 * †P. diatoma Zhang, 1989
 * †P. fumosa Zhang et al., 1994
 * †P. gracilentula Evenhuis, 1994
 * †P. ludongensis Hong & Wang 1985
 * †P. platoptera Zhang, 1993
 * †P. rectivenia Zhang, 1989
 * †P. solaris Zhang, 1989
 * †P. spinula Zhang, 1989
 * †P. villosa Zhang, 1989
 * †P. vulcania Zhang, 1989


 * Burdigalian, Kudia River site, Russia


 * †P. amagua Cockerell, 1925
 * †P. obsitula Cockerell, 1925
 * †P. kuznetzovi Cockerell, 1925
 * †P. kudiella Cockerell, 1925
 * †P. redempta Cockerell, 1925
 * †P. refracta Cockerell, 1925


 * Burdigalian - Langhian, Cypris Formation, Czech Republic


 * †P. quaesita Novák, 1878


 * Langhian, Chojabaru Formation, Japan


 * †P. kanetakii Fujiyama, 1970


 * Serravallian, Radoboj Formation, Croatia


 * †P. bucklandi Heer, 1849


 * Serravallian, Oehningen beds Member (Upper Freshwater-Molasse), Germany


 * †P. hilaris Heer, 1849
 * †P. jucunda Heer, 1849
 * †P. macilenta Skartveit & Pika, 2014


 * Messinian, Monte Castellaro, Italy


 * †P. baglii Gentilini, 1991
 * †P. castellaroi Gentilini, 1991
 * †P. pisaurensis Gentilini, 1991

Pliocene

 * Piacenzian, Togo Formation, Japan


 * †P. intima Fujiyama & Iwao, 1974

Pleistocene

 * Gelasian, Lac Chambon, France


 * †P. brunneipennis Piton, 1939
 * †P. vergnei Piton, 1935

Revision of the Bibionidae fossil record from the Oligocene of Germany by Skartveit and Wedmann (2021) included the redescription of a number of Plecia species.
 * Hesperinus heeri (Heyden & Heyden, 1865) (formerly Plecia heeri and syn P. elegantula )