Po Basin mixed forests

The Po Basin mixed forests is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion in the basin of the Po River in northern Italy and Switzerland's Ticino canton.

Geography
The Po Basin is bounded on the north and west by the Alps, and on the south by the Apennine Mountains. It opens onto the Adriatic Sea on the east.

Terrestrial plants
The Po Basin mixed forests consists of remnants of:

1. Mixed deciduous oak/hornbeam forest -
 * Quercus robur
 * Quercus cerris
 * Carpinus betulus
 * Ulmus minor
 * Fraxinus ornus

2. Riparian forest, as well as flood-plain vegetation of the Po Basin -
 * Fraxinus oxycarpa
 * Salix alba
 * Alnus glutinosa
 * Ulmus minor
 * Populus alba
 * Populus nigra
 * Quercus robur

3. Coastal submediterranean forest -
 * Quercus ilex
 * Quercus cerris
 * Olea europaea
 * Pinus pinea
 * Carpinus betulus
 * Fraxinus ornus

Aquatic plants
The freshwater ecosystems (zona umida) have a high level of biodiversity.

Threatened (in Italy) plant species include
 * Leucojum aestivum
 * Halocnemum strobilaceum
 * Nymphaea alba
 * Bassia hirsuta
 * Limonium bellidifolium
 * Utricularia australis
 * Thelypteris palustris
 * Salvinia natans
 * Sagittaria sagittifolia
 * Plantago cornuti

Fauna
Less-disturbed wetlands which are important breeding areas for many bird species are most significant biodiversity of the ecoregion. Examples are grey heron, purple heron, great egret, little egret, squacco heron, cattle egret, great bittern, little bittern, pygmy cormorant and ferruginous duck.

Conservation
The region is industrialised and has a long history of human pressure (shrinkage of wetlands, invasive species, and unsustainable hunting of waterfowl).

Protected areas
A 2017 assessment found that 3,572 km2, or 8%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Only 2% of the unprotected area remains in natural habitat. Protected areas include the Euganean Hills Regional Park, Po Delta Regional Parks, and Valli del Mincio Nature Reserve.