Pseudocardinal

Pseudocardinals, quasi-cardinals or anticardinals were the uncanonical Cardinals created by six of the Antipopes, in or rival to Rome, including two of Avignon Papacy and one of Pisa, as princes of their schismatic government of the Catholic Church.

Status
Their state, like the state of the antipopes and the anti-bishops these appointed/created, is disputed. Many pseudocardinals were created during the controversy between the Holy See and the Holy Roman Empire during the Western Schism, and some of the cardinals switched their obedience. The legitimacy of the Popes of the different obediences during the Western Schism was not a clear matter for their contemporaries. The terms antipope, pseudocardinal and anticardinal were not used at that time, but they are now used by some modern Roman Catholic historians.

Creations by Antipopes
The following Antipopes created pseudo-cardinals (with status and age at time of creation in parentheses when available) :

In Rome

 *  Antipope Anacletus II (1130–1138) - 3 consistories, 8 pseudocardinals
 * 1) Consistory of 1130.03.29 (3)
 * 2) Germano, Cardinal-Deacon
 * 3) Gregorio Otone, Cardinal-Deacon
 * 4) Pietro, O.S.B. Cas., Cardinal-Deacon
 * 5) Consistory of 1131
 * 6) Donato, Cardinal-Priest
 * 7) Anselmo, Cardinal-Priest
 * 8) Rainaldo, Cardinal-Deacon
 * 9) Matteo, Cardinal-Deacon
 * 10) Consistory of 1135.03.31 : only Benedetto, O.S.B. Cas., Cardinal-Priest


 *  Antipope Nicholas V (1328–1330) - 4 consistories, 9 pseudocardinals
 * 1) Consistory of 1328.05.15
 * 2) Giacomo Alberti, Bishop emeritus of Castello, Cardinal-Bishop
 * 3) Bishop Franz Hermann, Cardinal-Bishop
 * 4) Bonifazio Donoratico, O.P., Bishop of Chersonissos, Cardinal-Bishop
 * 5) Bishop Nicola Fabriani, O.E.S.A., Cardinal-Priest
 * 6) Pietro Oringa, Cardinal-Priest
 * 7) Giovanni Arlotti, Cardinal-Deacon
 * 8) Consistory of 1328.09 : only Paolo da Viterbo, O.F.M., Cardinal-Deacon
 * 9) Consistory of 1329.01.19 : only Giovanni Visconti (38), Cardinal-Deacon
 * 10) Consistory of 1329 : only Pandolfo Capocci, Cardinal-Deacon


 *  Antipope Felix V (1439–1449) - 4 consistories, 23 pseudocardinals

In Avignon

 *  Antipope Clement VII (1378–1394) - 12 consistories, 33 pseudocardinals
 * 1) Consistory of 1378.12.18 (6)
 * 2) Giacomo d’Itri, Patriarch of Constantinople and Metropolitan Archbishop of Otranto (Italy), Cardinal-Priest
 * 3) Niccolò Brancaccio (38), Metropolitan Archbishop of Cosenza (Italy), Cardinal-Priest
 * 4) Pierre Amiel de Sarcenas, O.S.B. Clun. (69), Metropolitan Archbishop of Embrun (France), Cardinal-Priest
 * 5) Pierre-Raymond de Barrière, C.R.S.A., Bishop of Autun (France), Cardinal-Priest
 * 6) Nicolas de Saint Saturnin, O.P., Master of the Sacred Palace of Prefecture of the Holy Apostolic Palaces, Cardinal-Priest
 * 7) Leonardo Rossi da Giffoni, O.F.M., Minister General emeritus of Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans), Cardinal-Priest
 * 8) Consistory of 1381.03.19 : only Gautier Gómez de Luna, Bishop of Palencia (Spain)
 * 9) Consistory of 1382.05.30 : only Tommaso Clausse, O.P., Cardinal-Priest
 * 10) Consistory of 1383.12.23 :
 * 11) Pierre de Cros, O.S.B. Clun., Metropolitan Archbishop of Arles (France) and Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church of Reverend Apostolic Camera, Cardinal-Priest
 * 12) Faydit d’Aigrefeuille, O.S.B. Clun., Bishop of Avignon (France), Cardinal-Priest
 * 13) Aymery de Magnac, Bishop of Paris (France), Cardinal-Priest
 * 14) Jacques de Menthonay, Cardinal-Priest
 * 15) Amedeo di Saluzzo (22), Bishop of Valence (France), Cardinal-Deacon
 * 16) Pierre Aycelin de Montaigut, O.S.B. Clun. (63), Bishop of Laon (France), Cardinal-Priest
 * 17) Walter Wardlaw (66), Bishop of Glasgow (Scotland), Cardinal-Priest
 * 18) Jean de Neufchatel (43), Bishop of Toul (France), Cardinal-Priest
 * 19) Pierre de Fetigny, Cardinal-Deacon
 * 20) Consistory of 1384.04.15 : only Pierre de Luxembourg (14), Bishop of Metz (France), Cardinal-Deacon
 * 21) Consistory of 1385.07.12 :
 * 22) Bertrand de Chanac, Patriarch of Jerusalem and Apostolic Administrator of Le Puy-en-Velay (France), Cardinal-Priest
 * 23) Tommaso Ammannati, Metropolitan Archbishop of Napoli (Italy), Cardinal-Priest
 * 24) Giovanni Piacentini, Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Patrasso and Apostolic Administrator emeritus of Castello, Cardinal-Priest
 * 25) Amaury de Lautrec, Bishop of Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges (France), Cardinal-Priest
 * 26) Jean de Murol (45), Bishop of Genève (Switzerland), Cardinal-Priest
 * 27) Jean Rolland, Bishop of Amiens (France), Cardinal-Priest
 * 28) Jean Allarmet de Brogny (43), Bishop of Viviers (France), Cardinal-Priest
 * 29) Pierre de Thury, Bishop of Maillezais, Cardinal-Priest
 * 30) Consistory of 1387.01 : only Jerónimo de Aragón (45), Bishop of Valencia (Spain), Cardinal-Priest
 * 31) Consistory of 1389.11.03 : only Jean de Talaru, Metropolitan Archbishop of Lyon (France), Cardinal-Priest
 * 32) Consistory of 1390.07.21 : only Martin de Zalba (53), Bishop of Pamplona (Spain), Cardinal-Priest
 * 33) Consistory of 1390.10.17 (2)
 * 34) Jean Flandrin (89), Metropolitan Archbishop of Auch (France), Cardinal-Priest
 * 35) Pierre Girard, Bishop of Le Puy-en-Velay (France), Cardinal-Priest
 * 36) Consistory of 1391.04.17 : only Guillaume de Vergy (41), Metropolitan Archbishop of Besançon (France), Cardinal-Priest
 * 37) Consistory of 1394.01.23 : only Pedro Fernández de Frías, Bishop of Osma (Spain), Cardinal-Priest


 *  Antipope Benedict XIII (1394–1423) - 7 consistories, 19 pseudocardinals
 * 1) Consistory of 1395.12.24 : only Pierre Blain, Cardinal-Deacon
 * 2) Consistory of 1397.09.22
 * 3) Fernando Pérez Calvillo, Bishop of Tarazona (Spain), Cardinal-Priest
 * 4) Jofré de Boil, Cardinal-Deacon
 * 5) Pedro Serra, Bishop of Catania (Italy), Cardinal-Priest
 * 6) Consistory of 1397.12.21
 * 7) Berenguer de Anglesola, Bishop of Gerona (Spain), Cardinal-Priest
 * 8) Bonifacio Ammannati, Cardinal-Deacon
 * 9) Louis de Bar (27), Bishop-elect of Langres (France), Cardinal-Deacon
 * 10) Consistory of 1404.05.09
 * 11) Miguel de Zalba (30), Cardinal-Deacon
 * 12) Antonio de Challant (54), Cardinal-Deacon
 * 13) Consistory of 1408.09.22
 * 14) Pierre Ravat, Canons Regular of Saint Augustine (C.R.S.A.), Bishop of Saint-Pons-de-Thomières (France), Cardinal-Priest
 * 15) Jean d’Armagnac (58), Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Auch (France), Cardinal-Priest
 * 16) Friar Juan Martínez de Murillo, Cistercian Order (O. Cist.), Cardinal-Priest
 * 17) Carlos Jordán de Urriés y Pérez Salanova, Cardinal-Deacon
 * 18) Alfonso Carrillo de Albornoz, Cardinal-Deacon
 * 19) Consistory of 1412.12.14 : only Pedro Fonseca, Cardinal-Deacon
 * 20) Consistory of 1423.05.22
 * 21) Julián Lobera y Valtierra, Cardinal-Priest
 * 22) Ximeno Dahe, Cardinal-Priest
 * 23) Domingo de Bonnefoi, Carthusians (O. Cart.), Cardinal-Priest
 * 24) Bishop Jean Carrier, Cardinal-Priest

In Pisa

 *  Antipope John XXIII (1410–1415) - 4 consistories, 18 pseudocardinals
 * 1) Consistory of 1411.06.06
 * 2) Francesco Lando, Latin Patriarch of Constantinople and Latin Patriarch emeritus of Grado (Italy), Cardinal-Priest
 * 3) Antonio Panciera (61), Latin Patriarch of Aquileia (Italy), Cardinal-Priest
 * 4) Alamanno Adimari (49), Metropolitan Archbishop of Pisa (Italy), Cardinal-Priest
 * 5) João Afonso Esteves da Azambuja (71), Metropolitan Archbishop of Lisboa (Portugal), Cardinal-Priest
 * 6) Pierre d’Ailly (61), Bishop of Cambrai (France), Cardinal-Priest
 * 7)  Georg von Liechtenstein-Nicolsburg (51), Bishop of Trento (Italy), declined is uncanonical promotion
 * 8) Tommaso Brancaccio, Bishop of Tricarico (Italy), Cardinal-Priest
 * 9) Branda Castiglione (61), Bishop emeritus of Piacenza (Italy), Cardinal-Priest
 * 10) Archbishop Thomas Langley (48), Bishop of Durham (England), Cardinal-Priest
 * 11) Archbishop Robert Hallam, Bishop of Salisbury (England), Cardinal-Priest
 * 12) Gilles Deschamps (61), Bishop of Coutances (France), Cardinal-Priest
 * 13) Guglielmo Carbone, Bishop of Chieti (Italy), Cardinal-Priest
 * 14) Father Guillaume Fillastre (63), Cardinal-Priest
 * 15) Msgr. Lucido Conti, Cardinal-Deacon
 * 16) Francesco Zabarella (50), Bishop of Firenze (Italy), Cardinal-Deacon
 * 17) Consistory of 1413.04.13 : only Simon de Cramaud (68), Latin Patriarch of Alexandria, Metropolitan Archbishop of Reims (France) and Apostolic Administrator of Avignon (France), Cardinal-Priest
 * 18) Consistory of 1413.11.18 : only Giacomo Isolani (53), Cardinal-Deacon
 * 19) Consistory of 1414.09 : only Pierre de Foix, O.F.M. (28), Bishop of Lescar (France), Cardinal-Priest

Sources and external links

 * GCatholic - Creations of (pseudo)cardinals by (Anti-)Pope
 * under Anacletus II (Rome)
 * under Benedict XIII (Avignon)
 * under Clement VII (Avignon)
 * under John XXIII (Pisa)
 * under Nicholas V (Rome)
 * Catalog of Pseudocardinals (1058-1447)