Rafi ud-Darajat

Mirza Rafi ud-Darajat ; 1 December 1699 – 6 June 1719) was briefly the Eleventh Mughal emperor. He was the youngest son of Rafi-ush-Shan, the nephew of Azim-ush-Shan and a grandson of Bahadur Shah I.

He was placed on the throne by the Sayyid brothers after they deposed, blinded, imprisoned and executed emperor Farrukhsiyar with the help of Maharaja Ajit Singh and the Marathas in 1719.

Sayyid Brothers
Rafi ud-Darajat owed his throne to the Sayyid brothers - Sayyid Hassan Ali Khan Barha and Sayyid Hussain Ali Khan Barha - who had deposed emperor Farrukhsiyar with the help of Ajit Singh of Marwar and Balaji Vishwanath in 1719 and made themselves badishahgar (kingmakers). His short reign would be as a puppet ruler to the brothers.

Rival claim to throne
The reign of Rafi ud-Darajat was one of turbulence. On 18 May 1719, less than three months after his own accession, Rafi ud-Darajat's uncle, Nekusiyar, assumed the Mughal throne at the Agra Fort as he thought he was more eligible for the post.

The Sayyid brothers determined to defend the emperor they had raised to the throne and punish the offender retook the fort within three months and captured Nekusiyar. He would be respectfully received by the Amir ul-Umara and confined at the Salimgarh Fort where he died in 1723.

Death and succession
Before dying, Rafi ud-Darajat had requested that his older brother Rafi ud-Daulah be enthroned. Rafi ud-Darajat died on 6 June 1719, either of tuberculosis or was murdered, serving as emperor for three months and six days. He was succeeded by Rafi ud-Daulah as emperor Shah Jahan II two days later. His remains were interred near the shrine of Sufi saint Khawaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki at Mehrauli in Delhi.