Raid on Matina

The Raid on Matina or the Battle of Matina was a small but significant military engagement that took place on 13 August 1747 between British Baymen and Miskito from the Mosquito Coast and Spanish forces over the Spanish fortification at Matina in the Captaincy General of Guatemala. The engagement was part of a larger conflict which was known as the War of Jenkins' Ear. The British and Miskito destroyed the fort after a short sharp fight before destroying the crops and taking away plunder from the surrounding Cacao rich area.

Background
At the mouth of the Río Matina in the Spanish colonial region of the Captaincy General of Guatemala lay Fuerte de San Fernando de Matina, a wooden blockhouse which had been built by the Spanish in 1741-42. It was garrisoned by thirty four soldiers and twenty local armed militia. Between 1742 and 1747 illegal trade between landowners in Costa Rica and with British Jamaica and the Baymen of the Mosquito Coast (of present-day Nicaragua) were stopped as a result of the fort.

In April 1747 a group of British baymen and Miskitos took about ten prisoners near Matina and threatened to burn the plantations and invade Cartago if trade was not resumed with them. For this reason the Spanish governor sent a reinforcement of fifty soldiers in the area. The commander of the fort was Don Francisco Rodriguez, and together with the reinforcements ordered to put permanent lookouts in places where they could watch any approaching British troops to avoid surprise.

Attack
In early August 1747, 45 British and a troop of Miskitu soldiers commanded by British Captain Thomas Owen was ordered to attack the fort, by order of the English governor of Jamaica Edward Trelawny.

Transported by Pirogues from Jamaica they landed in Moin near Limón, which beyond had an extensive swamp – the Spanish thinking it was impassable had no lookouts in the area. After beaching the vessels the British were able to advance without being spotted and they walked through the jungle to the fort. The high Canebrake meant they were concealed and watched patiently for five days studying the defences and awaited for the right moment to attack.

Finally on 13 August at 11 a.m. the British attacked from the south west, and took the garrison by complete surprise. The soldiers and militiamen had only just prepared a meal which meant that main door of the fort was wide open with only two soldiers guarding the barracks. In addition only four men were guarding the fort walls. When the assault began, only two of those four guards were able to enter before the fort door was closed. The English brought with them two hand grenades each, and used them to bomb the door but they could not break it. They then surrounded and attacked the wall where they fired through the gun holes inside. Quickly the British soon found weaknesses in the perimeter where they could fire their muskets at close range – this caused confusion inside the fort.

A little more than fifteen minutes of since the start of the assault, the fort's commander Rodriguez decided he couldn't resist and therefore surrendered.

Aftermath
In total there were four deaths and several wounded among the Spanish. Those who survived were taken prisoner.

Subsequently, the British and miskitos ravaged the surrounding area; cocoa farms were looted; cannons, muskets and ammunition were taken. Once this was done the barracks were burned and the fortress was destroyed. They then made a withdrawal to their beached pirogues Moin and sailed without further incident back to Jamaica.

The fort thus failed to stop the attacks by filibusters and with the fort's destruction smuggling continued well until Costa Rica's Independence the following century. San Fernando was the first and last stronghold built by the Spanish in the Costa Rican Caribbean and the fort was never rebuilt. The Spanish in retaliation attempted to rout the British and Miskitos from the area but failed repeatedly.