René Marqués

René Marqués  (October 4, 1919 – March 22, 1979) was a Puerto Rican short story writer and playwright.

Early years
Marqués was born, raised and educated in the city of Arecibo. He developed an interest in writing at a young age and was politically keen to support independence for the non-sovereign nation of Puerto Rico.

In the 1940s, Marqués wrote what is considered to be his best play, La Carreta (The Oxcart). In 1953, it opened in New York City. In 1954, it opened in San Juan and helped secure his reputation as a leading literary figure. The drama traces a rural Puerto Rican family as it moved to the slums of San Juan and then to New York in search of a better life, only to be disillusioned and to long for their island.

The Generation of the 50s
René Marqués was a figure of what was known in Puerto Rico as "La generación del 50" (The Generation of the 50s). This was an artistic and literary group of Puerto Rican intellectuals which included Francisco Matos Paoli, Francisco Arriví, Abelardo Díaz Alfaro and Lorenzo Homar. In 1950, together with the other members of the group, Marqués worked for the Division of Community Education of Puerto Rico. Marqués however, did often come into conflict with Luis Muñoz Marín. He believed in complete Puerto Rican sovereignty and he often criticized Muñoz Marín, when he became governor, because of his acceptance of U.S. sovereignty over Puerto Rico.

In 1954, Puerto Rican director, Roberto Rodríguez, produced La Carreta, the play opened at the Church of San Sebastian, located in Manhattan, New York. The success of the play motivated Míriam Colón and Rodríguez to form the first Latino theater group with its own 60-seat theater, called "El Círculo Dramatico" (The Dramatic Circle).

In 1955, Marqués wrote one of his later works, Juan Bobo y la Señora Occidental (Juan Bobo and the Occidental Lady).

In 1959, Marqués published three plays together in the collection Teatro (Theater). These were La Muerte no entrará en Palacio (Death will not enter the Palace), Un Niño Azul para esa Sombra (A Blue Boy for that Shadow) and Los Soles Truncos. In an essay (1960), which the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party published as a pamphlet, Marqués addressed the problem of the language of instruction in Puerto Rico's colonial situation. He concluded that only the enjoyment of complete national sovereignty will cleanse the pedagogical problem of all extra-pedagogical baggage.

Later years
In 1965, George Edgar and Stella Holt produced the English version of Marqués' "The Oxcart" Off-Broadway, with Míriam Colón in the lead role.

René Marqués died in San Juan, Puerto Rico on March 22, 1979, at age 59. Puerto Rico has named a school in his honor and in the Luis A. Ferré Performing Arts Center in San Juan there is a 760-seat René Marqués Theater.

Noted works
Plays

Juan Bobo and the Occidental Lady

La Carreta (The Oxcart)

El Hombre y Sus Sueños (Published in 1948) El Hombre Y Sus Sueños Palm Sunday

El Sol y Los Mac Donald (Premiered 1950)

Los Soles Truncos (Premiered 1958) (Based on his short story "Purificación en la Calle del Cristo")

Un Niño Azul para esa Sombra

La Muerte No Entrará en Palacio

La Casa Sin Reloj

El Apartamiento

Mariana o el Alba

Sacrificio en el Monte Moriah

David y Jonatán, Tito y Berenice

Carnaval Afuera, Carnaval Adentro

Novels

La Víspera del Hombre

La Mirada (1975)

Essays

El Puertorriqueño Dócil

Ensayos 1956–1969

Short Stories

Otro Día Nuestro

En Una Ciudad Llamada San Juan

Purificación en la Calle del Cristo

Cuentos Puertorriqueños de Hoy

Screenplays

Juan Sin Seso (Brainless Juan) (Short Film; Dir. Luis A. Maisonet)

Modesta (Short Film; Dir. Benji Doniger, Music by Héctor Campos Parsi)