Research Organization for Earth Sciences and Maritime

The Research Organization for Earth Sciences and Maritime (Organisasi Riset Ilmu Pengetahuan Kebumian dan Maritim, ORIPKM but also known as ORKM) is one of Research Organizations under the umbrella of the National Research and Innovation Agency (Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, BRIN). It was founded on 1 September 2021 as Research Organization for Earth Sciences (Organisasi Riset Ilmu Pengetahuan Kebumian, ORIPK), transformation of Deputy I (Earth Sciences) of Indonesian Institute of Sciences (Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, LIPI) after the liquidation of LIPI into BRIN.

On 24 January 2022, it is announced that the organization extended with fusion of elements from Geospatial Information Agency, Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, and Aeronautics and Space Research Organization-LAPAN. The fusion expected to turn ORIPK to ORKM officially on 1 February 2022. ORKM formation is finalized on 1 March 2022 and is functional since 4 March 2022.

History
Founded on 1 September 2021 as ORIPK, ORIPK was transformation of Deputy I (Earth Sciences) of LIPI after the liquidation of LIPI into BRIN. As research organizations of BRIN, as outlined in Article 175 and Article 176 of Chief of BRIN Decree No. 1/2021, every Research Organizations under BRIN are responsible and answered to Chief of BRIN. It also prescribed that the Research Organizations consisted with Head of Research Organizations, Centers, and Laboratories/Study Groups. For the transitional period, as in Article 210 of Chief of BRIN Decree No. 1/2021 mandated, the structure of ORIPK follows the preceding structure that already established during its time in LIPI. Due to this, the structure of ORIPK follows the Chief of LIPI Decree No. 24/2020. On 22 September 2021, ORIPK constituting document, Chief of BRIN Decree No. 9/2021, signed by Laksana Tri Handoko and fully published on 8 October 2021.

On 24 January 2022, it is announced that the organization extended with fusion of elements from Geospatial Information Agency, Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Aeronautics and Space Research Organization-LAPAN. The fusion turned ORIPK to ORIPKM officially on 1 February 2022. The organization name officially become ORIPKM thru Chairman of BRIN Decree No. 8/2022, backdated from 25 February 2022.

On 4 March 2022, ORKM is fully functional with inauguration of its first head, Ocky Karna Rajasa.

Preceding agencies
Based on the structure of ORKM, the preceding agencies of the ORKM were:


 * Earth Sciences Research Organization of National Research and Innovation Agency
 * Center for Research, Product Promotion, and Cooperation of Geospatial Information Agency
 * Center for Research and Development of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency
 * Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources of Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries
 * Public Works and Housing Research and Development Agency of Ministry of Public Works and Housing (partial)
 * Energy and Mineral Resources Research and Development Agency of Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
 * Atmospheric Sciences and Technology Center of Aeronautics and Space Research Organization-LAPAN

Structure
The structure of ORKM is as follows:


 * 1) Office of the Head of ORKM
 * 2) Research Center for Geospatial
 * 3) Research Group for Geodetic Control Network
 * 4) Research Group for Geomodelling
 * 5) Research Group for Spatial Hydrology
 * 6) Research Group for Natural Resources Geospatial Dynamics and Global Environment
 * 7) Research Group for Geospatial for SDGs and Defense
 * 8) Research Group for Geospatial for Disasters and Energy Potentials
 * 9) Research Group for Hydrometeorology Geospatial Dynamics and Natural Resources Balance
 * 10) Research Group of Smart Geospatial for Agriculture and Forestry
 * 11) Research Group for Spatial data-based AI-based Decision Making
 * 12) Research Center for Geological Disaster
 * 13) Research Group for Science Communication and Resilience Research
 * 14) Research Group for Geological Risk
 * 15) Research Group for Earthquake Research
 * 16) Research Group for Tsunami Research
 * 17) Research Group for Volcano Research
 * 18) Research Group for Landslide Research
 * 19) Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere
 * 20) Research Group for Atmosphere-Space Interaction
 * 21) Research Group for Atmosphere Chemistry and Air Quality
 * 22) Research Group for Atmosphere Dynamics and Hydrometeorology
 * 23) Research Group for Natural Resources Geospatial Dynamics and Global Environment
 * 24) Research Group for Atmosphere-Sea Interaction and Climate Variability
 * 25) Research Group for Climate Change, Urban Climate, and Sustainable Development
 * 26) Research Group for Past Climate and Environment
 * 27) Research Group for Atmosphere-Sea Predictive and Observation Technology
 * 28) Research Group for Cloud Physics and Application
 * 29) Research Center for Limnology and Water Resources
 * 30) Research Group for Drinking Waters and Sanitary Technologies
 * 31) Research Group for Land Aquatic Biotas Management
 * 32) Research Group for Land Aquatic Toxicology
 * 33) Research Group for Land Aquatic Remediation and Pollution Dynamics
 * 34) Research Group for Hydrology and Land Aquatic Management
 * 35) Research Group for Water Resource Infrastructures
 * 36) Research Group for Groundwater Interaction
 * 37) Research Group for Agricultural Water Resources
 * 38) Research Group for Hydrometeorology Disasters
 * 39) Research Group for Weather Modification
 * 40) Research Group for Land Aquatic Processes
 * 41) Research Center for Geological Resources
 * 42) Research Group for Geodynamics
 * 43) Research Group for Geodiversity
 * 44) Research Group for Geoparks and Geoheritages
 * 45) Research Group for Mineral Deposits
 * 46) Research Group for Geothermal and Geomedicine
 * 47) Research Group for Petrology and Mineralogy
 * 48) Research Group for Advanced Geological Resources Engineering
 * 49) Research Group for Carbon-based Materials Geological Resources Engineering
 * 50) Research Center for Oceanography
 * 51) Research Group for Maritime and Continental Oceanography Physics
 * 52) Research Group for Tropical Marine Faunas Bioecology
 * 53) Research Group for Coastal Vegetation Ecosystem
 * 54) Research Group for Marine Microbiology and Plankton
 * 55) Research Group for Integrated Marine Biosphere
 * 56) Research Group for Sea Pollution
 * 57) Research Group for Coastal Spatial Ecology and Dynamics
 * 58) Research Group for Coastal Social Economy System
 * 59) Research Group for Coral Reef Health
 * 60) Research Group for Coastal Process
 * 61) Research Group for Conservation of Endemic and Endangered Marine Biotas
 * 62) Research Center for Deep Sea
 * 63) Research Group for Coast-Deep Sea Connectivity of Ecosystem Environmental Services
 * 64) Research Group for Deep Sea Environmental Dynamics
 * 65) Research Group for Deep Sea Biology of Extremophiles
 * 66) Research Group for Marine Geosciences
 * 67) Research Group for Deep Sea Technology
 * 68) Research Center for Marine and Land Bioindustry
 * 69) Research Group for Marine Resources Convergence
 * 70) Research Group for Potential Aquatic Biotas Bioproduction
 * 71) Research Group for Processed Products Diversification and Side Products Processing
 * 72) Research Group for Aquatic Microbiology and Biotechnology
 * 73) Research Group for Aquatic Natural Products
 * 74) Research Center for Fishery
 * 75) Research Group for Small Pelagic Fishes and Squids
 * 76) Research Group for Large Pelagic Fishes and Elasmobranchs
 * 77) Research Group for Demersal Fishes, Reef Fishes, and Octopuses
 * 78) Research Group for Crustacea and Clams
 * 79) Research Group for Fishing Behaviors and Capacity
 * 80) Research Group for Marine Fishery
 * 81) Research Group for Brackish Fishery
 * 82) Research Group for Freshwater Fishery
 * 83) Research Group for Advanced Aquaculture Technologies
 * 84) Research Group for Sustainable Aquaculture and Environmental Engineering
 * 85) Research Group for Ornamental Fishes, Aquatic Plants, and Corals
 * 86) Research Group for Fish Domestication and Breeding
 * 87) Research Group for Fishery Ecosystem and Environmental Impact Assessment
 * 88) Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources