Rhynchotherium

Rhynchotherium is an extinct genus of proboscidea endemic to North America and Central America during the Miocene through Pliocene from 13.650 to 3.6 Ma, living for approximately.

This gomphothere had two tusks and may have evolved from Gomphotherium.

Taxonomy
Rhynchotherium was first described in 1868 on the basis of a lower jaw from the Miocene of Tlaxcala, Mexico. Later, the type species epithet R. tlascalae was erected for the jaw by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1918. In 1921, a gomphothere skull from the Mt. Eden area of southern California was described as a subspecies of Trilophodon shepardi (a now-defunct combination for Mastodon shepardi), T. s. edensis, but was subsequently reassigned to Rhynchotherium. Other species subsequently assigned to Rhynchotherium included R. falconeri, R. paredensis, R. browni, and R. simpsoni. It was the closest relative to Cuvieronius, and may be ancestral to it.

Lucas and Morgan (2008) reviewed the taxonomy of Rhynchotherium and concluded that only R. edensis, R. falconeri, R. paredensis, R. browni, and R. simpsoni could be confidently referred to Rhynchotherium. Because the genotype of Rhynchotherium is referable to Gomphotherium, the ICZN was petitioned to conserve the genus by designating R. falconeri as the type species, which it did.

Misassigned species
Phylogenetic position according to Mothé et al. (2016)
 * Mastodon shepardi Leidy, 1871
 * Mastodon euhypodon Cope, 1884 - likely a species of Gomphotherium
 * Tetrabelodon brevidens Cope, 1889
 * Dibelodon praecursor Cope, 1893
 * Rhynchotherium rectidens Osborn, 1923
 * Aybelodon hondurensis Frick, 1933
 * Blickotherium blicki Frick, 1933
 * Rhynchotherium anguirivale Osborn, 1936