Royal Noble Consort Uibin Seong

Royal Noble Consort Ui of the Changnyeong Seong clan (6 August 1753 – 4 November 1786) was the beloved consort of King Jeongjo of Joseon and the mother of Crown Prince Munhyo.

Early life
The future Royal Consort was born on August 6, 1753, during the 29th year of King Yeongjo's reign, into the Changnyeong Seong clan. Her name was Seong Deok-im (성덕임, 成德任).

She was the youngest daughter and child of Seong Yun-woo, and his second wife, Lady Im of the Buan Im clan. Lady Seong had six siblings: 4 older brothers, one older sister, and a younger half-brother.

Seong Yun-woo's first wife was Lady Ma of the Jangheung Ma clan. After her death, he married Lady Im, the daughter of Im Jong-ju, a minor government official. She died in 1756, three years after giving birth to the future Seong Ui-bin. Seong Yun-woo's third wife was Lady Ji of the Danyang Ji clan.

Their family was quite poor, and at the time of Lady Seong's birth, her father worked as a steward for Hong Bong-han, the maternal grandfather of King Jeongjo. He later became a military officer, but resigned in 1761, due to embezzlement accusations. Her father died in 1769 at the age of 60.

Life in the palace
In 1762, at the age of ten, she entered the royal palace as a gungnyeo. Because of her father's relationship with the Pungsan Hong clan, Lady Seong became a personal maid of King Jeongjo's mother, Crown Princess Hye.

In 1773, she alongside Princess Cheongyeon and Princess Cheongseon, transcribed the classic novel Gwakjangyangmunrok (comprising 10 volumes, 10 books) to Korean.

Some time before 1782, she received Jeongjo's grace and was promoted to Sangui, a court lady of the fifth senior rank. It is recorded that she was pregnant two times between 1780 and 1782, but both pregnancies ended in miscarriage.

On October 13, 1782, Lady Seong gave birth to her first child, Yi Sun. That same day, she became a Royal Consort, after being elevated to the third senior rank of So-yong. Almost three months later, in late December 1782, her son was given the title of Prince Royal.

The following year, Seong So-yong was promoted to the first senior rank of Bin and Jeongjo personally chose the prefix "Ui" (meaning "appropriate/fitting") for her.

On March 20, 1784, Lady Seong gave birth to an unnamed daughter, who died a few weeks after birth.

On July 2, 1784, Yi Sun was invested as Crown Prince, but he died during an epidemic, on June 6, 1786.

Death
Four months after the death of her son, Seong Ui-bin died of a disease during the last month of her fifth pregnancy. The unborn child died with her. King Jeongjo wrote her an epitaph, where he described his grief and declared his love for her. It was said that Lady Seong was the only woman he loved amongst his wives. Her mortuary was set up at Anhyeon Palace, which was uncommon.

Originally, she was buried about 100 steps from her son, Crown Prince Munhyo. The graves were called Hyochangmyo, but during the 7th year of King Gojong's reign, the status of the tombs was raised to Hyochangwon.

King Jeongjo planted 26.000 trees in the graveyard, which is known today as "Hyochang Park" and is situated in Yongsan District, Seoul.

In 1944, during the Japanese occupation, the tombs were relocated to the Seosamneung Cluster in Goyang, Gyeonggi Province. Crown Prince Munhyo was buried next to his uncle, Crown Prince Uiso, while Seong Ui-bin was buried 2 km away, in the concubines' cemetery. Her tomb is known as Uibinmyo.

Lady Seong's memorial tablet was enshrined in Uibingung, at the Chilgung (also known as "The Palace of Seven Royal Concubines"; Historical Site No. 149). In 1908, the 2nd year of Emperor Yunghui's reign, Uibingung was closed. However, the name was preserved and the annual rituals continued to be held.

Family
Sibling(s) Husband Issue(s)
 * Father: Seong Yun-woo (1709–1769)
 * Mother:
 * Biological - Lady Im of the Buan Im clan (1722–1756)
 * Step - Lady Ma of the Jangheung Ma clan (1715–?); Seong Yun-woo’s first wife
 * Step - Lady Ji of the Danyang Ji clan (1725–?); Seong Yun-woo’s third wife
 * Older brother: Seong Dam (1741–1783)
 * Older brother: Seong Hyeob (1742–1810)
 * Older brother: Seong Wan (1743–1806)
 * Older brother: Seong Suk (1746–?)
 * Older sister: Lady Seong of the Changnyeong Seong clan (1750–?)
 * Younger half-brother: Seong Heub (1762–?)
 * Yi San, King Jeongjo of Joseon (28 October 1752 – 18 August 1800)
 * Father-in-law: King Jangjo of Joseon (13 February 1735 – 12 July 1762)
 * Mother-in-law: Queen Heongyeong of the Pungsan Hong clan (6 August 1735 – 13 January 1816)
 * Miscarriage (8 December 1780)
 * Miscarriage (July 1781)
 * Yi Sun, Crown Prince Munhyo (문효세자 이순, 文孝世子 李㬀; 13 October 1782 – 6 June 1786), first son
 * First daughter (20 March – 12 May 1784)
 * Unborn child (4 November 1786)

In popular culture

 * Portrayed by Lee Han-na and Han Ji-min in the 2007 MBC TV series Lee San, Wind of the Palace.
 * Portrayed by Lee Seol-ah and Lee Se-young in the 2021 MBC TV series The Red Sleeve.