Second Chui Volost

The Second Chui Volost (Kebeks Otok, Altan Nuur Urianghai Двоеданничество в Сибири. XVII — 60-е гг. XIX вв. / О. В. Боронин; Алт. гос. ун-т. Каф. востоковедения, Алт. центр востоковед. исслед. — Барнаул : Азбука, 2002. — 217, &#91;2&#93; с.; 20 см; ISBN 5-93957-028-3 Page 176. ) was the otok, formed after the collapse of the Telengit Land. The otok was inhabited by Telengits, who were also called Dvoedans because they paid taxes to the Russian Empire and the Qing Empire.[https://klex.ru/1h2x Двоеданничество в Сибири. XVII — 60-е гг. XIX вв.] / О. В. Боронин; Алт. гос. ун-т. Каф. востоковедения, Алт. центр востоковед. исслед. — Барнаул : Азбука, 2002. — 217, &#91;2&#93; с.; 20 см; ISBN 5-93957-028-3 Page 182-185. With such dependence, neither Russia nor China participated in the internal policy of the otok, thereby preserving its partial sovereignty. This otok was ruled by Zaisans from the Ak-Kebek dynasty.

History
In the 18th century, after the collapse of the Telengite land and the Dzungarian Khanate, part of the Telengites, which did not become part of Russia, but recognized dependence on the Qing Empire, formed an independent otok.

Influence of the Qing Empire
During the Third Oirat-Manchurian War on the territory of Altai also began to attack the Qing warriors. Unable to defend themselves, most of the Altaians accepted Russian citizenship,[https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01000908805 Двоеданничество в Сибири. XVII — 60-е гг. XIX вв.] / О. В. Боронин; Алт. гос. ун-т. Каф. востоковедения, Алт. центр востоковед. исслед. — Барнаул : Азбука, 2002. — 217, &#91;2&#93; с.; 20 см; ISBN 5-93957-028-3 Page 169. meanwhile, the Zaisan of the Second Chui Volost Yarynak and the Zaisan of the First Chui Volost Telebek began to pay taxes to China. For this, the emperor officially recognized the authority of the Teles in the first otok (in the First Chui Volost), and the Ak-Kebeks in the second, equating each of the two zaisans with an official of the third rank, and later bestowed on each the title of "Ukherida".[https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01000908805 Двоеданничество в Сибири. XVII — 60-е гг. XIX вв.] / О. В. Боронин; Алт. гос. ун-т. Каф. востоковедения, Алт. центр востоковед. исслед. — Барнаул : Азбука, 2002. — 217, &#91;2&#93; с.; 20 см; ISBN 5-93957-028-3 Page 181.

Obligations to Russia and China
In the 1750s, the Second Chui Volost fell into a situation in which the residents of otok had to pay taxes to two states. This situation made it possible to maneuver between the two empires and maintain limited sovereignty.

In favor of the Qing Empire, the Chui Telengites paid annual taxes. In 1757, eight Qing ambassadors arrived in the Second Chui Volost for the first time, who collected yasak at the rate of one sable per person. Later yasak for an adult male was equal to 2 skins of sable and 60 skins of squirrels. Children and the elderly were exempt from paying alman.[https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01000908805 Двоеданничество в Сибири. XVII — 60-е гг. XIX вв.] / О. В. Боронин; Алт. гос. ун-т. Каф. востоковедения, Алт. центр востоковед. исслед. — Барнаул : Азбука, 2002. — 217, &#91;2&#93; с.; 20 см; ISBN 5-93957-028-3 Page 182. Telengits for the Russian Empire were obliged to pay yasak, as well as to protect the property of travelers who studied their region, in rare cases to provide Russian officials with horses. The Dvoedans had no other duties towards Russia. Also, the Russian Empire did not interfere in the management of the Second Chui Volost, which was recorded in the "Charter on the Management of Foreigners" of 1822. Because of this, the Zaisans of The Second Chui Volost had great authority among the Zaisans of the Altai dyuchins and loyal subjects of Russia Altaians. [https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01000908805 Двоеданничество в Сибири. XVII — 60-е гг. XIX вв.] / О. В. Боронин; Алт. гос. ун-т. Каф. востоковедения, Алт. центр востоковед. исслед. — Барнаул : Азбука, 2002. — 217, &#91;2&#93; с.; 20 см; ISBN 5-93957-028-3 Page 187.

Joining the Russian Empire
A turning point in the history of the Second Chui Volost was a visit to Kosh-Agach Tomsk Governor Herman Gustavovich Lerche, which took place in the summer of 1864. The governor agitated local residents about joining Russia. And already January 25 of the year The Second Chui Volost headed by zaisan Chichkan Tesegeshev is part of the Russian Empire.

Demographics
In 1826, Alexander von Bunge visited the Second Chui Volost, and he noted that the local population is two thousand people. Vasily Radlov, who visited the dvoedants in the 1860s, said that there were from two to three thousand people. The Altai spiritual mission counted two thousand Telengits in the Volost. No one kept statistical records of the population in the Second Chui Volost until the end of the 19th century. By the end of the 19th century, the population was 1,645 people. [https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01000908805 Двоеданничество в Сибири. XVII — 60-е гг. XIX вв.] / О. В. Боронин; Алт. гос. ун-т. Каф. востоковедения, Алт. центр востоковед. исслед. — Барнаул : Азбука, 2002. — 217, &#91;2&#93; с.; 20 см; ISBN 5-93957-028-3 Page 179.

Geography
Vasily Radlov wrote that the Telengit nomads began above the confluence of the Yodro River with the Chuya. A large number of Dvoedans roamed the territory of the Kurai steppe. In the Chuya Steppe, they roamed in the northwestern part of it.

The State border
As Pyotr Chikhachyov wrote, a roughly sketched pile of stones, skulls and horns of wild sheep served as the border between the Dvoedans and Tuvans. All the border guard posts were occupied by Mongol soldiers, who had the only weapon - a bow and arrow, and only some had rough-made guns.

The system of officials
The system of officials in the Second Chui Volost looked like this:
 * Zaisans or Prince is a representative of the House of Ak-Kebek, whose power was passed down from his father. The prince had a servant under his command, Kodichi, who was obliged to follow zaisan everywhere.
 * Demichi is responsible for one of the administrative divisions of the volost.
 * Boshko
 * Kyundi - kept order in the volost.