Singapore Premier League

The Singapore Premier League, commonly abbreviated as SPL, (officially known as the AIA Singapore Premier League for sponsorship reasons), is a men's professional football league sanctioned by the Football Association of Singapore (FAS), which represents the sport's highest level in the Singapore football league system.

The competition was founded as the S. League on 14 April 1996 after the FAS announced its intention to promote and expand the growing local football community by having a top level domestic league. As of 2022, the league comprises eight clubs, consisting of three rounds in which each team plays every other team once. Seasons run from late March to October, with teams playing 21 matches each, totalling 147 matches in the season.

Successful SPL clubs gain qualification into Asian continental club competitions, including the AFC Champions League Two. SPL currently does not practice promotion and relegation. Since the league's inception in 1996, 7 clubs have been crowned champions. Warriors FC have been the most successful club with 9 titles, followed by Albirex Niigata Singapore (6),Tampines Rovers (5), Lion City Sailors (3), Geylang International (2), DPMM (2) and Étoile (1). The current champions are Albirex Niigata, the Japanese satellite team, having won their fifth S-League title in the 2023 season.

Origins
Singapore had been represented in the Malaysia Cup through the Singapore Lions since 1921. The Lions were one of the most successful teams in the competition, having won it 24 times from 1921 to 1994. Following a dispute over gate receipts between the FAS and FAM after winning the league and cup double in 1994, the Lions withdrew from the Malaysian competitions.

Subsequently, the Football Association of Singapore decided to build a professional league system. However, as it was estimated to take about a year to put in place the structure of a professional league, the Singapore Lions were given match practice in what was then the top level of domestic football, the semi-professional FAS Premier League. This team won the last FAS Premier League title, finishing the season unbeaten.

Inaugural season
The S.League was founded in 1996. The FAS invited applications for clubs to compete in the newly formed league. Eight successful applications were made. Two clubs from the Premier League – powerhouse Geylang International (renamed Geylang United; 6 consecutive Premier League titles) and Balestier United (renamed Balestier Central – joined six from the amateur National Football League – Police SA, Singapore Armed Forces (SAFFC), Tampines Rovers, Tiong Bahru United, Wellington (renamed Woodlands Wellington) and Sembawang Rangers (merger of Gibraltar Crescent and Sembawang SC) – for the inaugural edition of the S.League. The season was split into the two series. Tiger Beer Series winners Geylang United defeated Pioneer Series winners SAFFC 2–1 in the end of season championship playoff to be crowned the 1st S.League champions. The 30,000 crowd at the playoff remains the record attendance in the S.League.

Expansion of the league
Police FC renamed themselves as Home United for the 1997 season to reflect their representation of not only the Singapore Police Force, but also other HomeTeam Departments of the Singapore Ministry of Home Affairs such as the SCDF and the ICA. NFL side Jurong Town, who renamed themselves Jurong FC, joined the competition taking the number of participating clubs to 9. The league switched from its previous format to a round-robin competition. Singapore Armed Forces won their first title.

Gombak United and Marine Castle United joined the S.League in 1998, further taking the number of clubs to 11. Tiong Bahru United renamed themselves to Tanjong Pagar United at the start of the season. Singapore Armed Forces won their second consecutive title.

Clementi Khalsa joined the S.League in 1999 as a representative of the Sikh community in Singapore. The league took on 12 teams for the next five years. Home United won their first title.

Invited clubs
During the 2000s, the FAS decided to invite foreign clubs to the league to increase league competitiveness. Sinchi, a side composed of Chinese players became the first foreign club to participate in 2003. Chinese national Shi Jiayi and Qiu Li went on to become naturalised Singapore players.

Sporting Afrique, a club made up of African players, and Super Reds, a side comprising South Korean players, became the third and fourth foreign clubs to join the competition in 2006 and 2007 respectively. Sporting Afrique were refused entry into the 2007 S.League due to off-field controversies and poor performance. In 2010, Super Reds were denied a place after three seasons following attempts to convert into a team of local players.

Chinese Super League clubs Liaoning (2007), Dalian Shide (2008) and Beijing Guoan (2010) entered their feeder clubs in the S.League. All three clubs each lasted one season before being pulled out of the league due to poor performances and disciplinary issues. Bruneian club DPMM joined the S.League in 2009 before being pulled from the league as a result of a FIFA ban. They re-entered the league from 2012. They were the first club to base themselves outside of Singapore. In 2010, French club Étoile became the first foreign side to win the S.League. Etoile pulled out of the S.League prior to the 2012 season to focus on grassroots football and youth development.

In 2012, Malaysia national youth sides Harimau Muda A and Harimau Muda B joined the S.League following an agreement between the Football Association of Singapore and the Football Association of Malaysia (FAM) to send their representative sides into their respective domestic competitions. Singaporean side LionsXII returned to the Malaysian competitions in 2012. Echoing the former Singapore FA, the LionsXII quickly became a successful force in the Malaysian league system during its short stint, winning the league title in 2013 as well as the FA Cup in 2015.

However, on 25 November 2015, the FAM decided not to extend their Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the FAS. This automatically disqualified LionsXII from further entering any football tournament in Malaysia. Similarly, Malaysia's squad Harimau Muda did not participate in the Singapore League from then onwards.

J.League club Albirex Niigata entered their feeder club Albirex Niigata Singapore in the 2004 S.League. The club became the most established foreign side in the S.League, drawing on the support the Japanese expatriate community and some local fans. As of 2023, they are the foreign side with the longest involvement in Singaporean football.

20th season
The league took on a number of changes for the 2015 season to increase its competitiveness. The number of clubs was reduced from 12 to 10, with the withdrawal of Tanjong Pagar United due to financial problems, and the merger of Woodlands Wellington and Hougang United. The league returned to a three-round format used from 2001 to 2011. The foreign player quota remained at five per club, but incentives were given to those who signed an under-21 player. The passing time for the mandatory 2.4 km fitness test was lowered from 10 mins to 9 mins 45 s. A new rule on age restrictions – a maximum of five players aged 30 and above and a minimum of three under-25 players for clubs with a 22-man squad, a maximum of four players aged 30 and above and a minimum of two under-25 players for clubs with a 20-man squad – was later reversed.

Rebranding as Singapore Premier League (2018–present)
The league was rebranded as the Singapore Premier League on 21 March 2018. Further revamps were also made to see a greater emphasis on local youth players in a bid to strengthen the national side; this, in effect, has resulted in a number of senior as well as local and foreign stars being purchased by overseas clubs.

Singapore Premier League clubs can sign a maximum of four foreign players in the 2020 season, up from three as compared in the 2019 season. In the 2022 season, All eight team will play a four-round format for the first time in its entire league history. The 2024–25 Singapore Premier League season will be the first season to have a two-year schedule in the league history.

Structure
Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored.

At the end of each season, the club with the most points is crowned league champion. If the points, goal difference, goals scored, and head-to-head results between teams are equal, head-to-head records between the teams are used, followed by a better fair play record.

There is no relegation or promotion system in the league. Clubs enter the Singapore Premier League by invitation of the Football Association of Singapore.

Clubs
A total of 25 clubs have played in the league from its inception in 1996 up to and including the 2022 season. The following 9 clubs are competing in the league during the 2023 season. There are two non-Singaporean clubs that currently compete in the Singapore Premier League – Albirex Niigata (S) is a satellite team of the Japanese club of the same name and DPMM of the Brunei.

Balestier Khalsa, Geylang International and Tampines Rovers are clubs that have played in all 28 seasons of the Singapore Premier League as of 2024.

Former clubs
Years indicates seasons active in the league.

Invited clubs
Years indicates seasons active in the league Domestic based are foreign clubs which are based in Singapore.

Sponsorship
After an inaugural season with no sponsorship, the league was sponsored by Great Eastern from 2009 until 2018 where Yeo's and Hyundai become the joint sponsorship, during which time it was known as the Great Eastern-Yeo's S.League and the Great Eastern-Hyundai S.League. In 2019, Hong Kong-based multinational insurance and finance corporation sponsored the league as their main sponsor.

For the 2018 season, the league was rebranded the Singapore Premier League.

Qualification for Asian competitions
The league's winners qualify for the AFC Champions League, while Singapore Cup winners qualify for the AFC Cup playoff spot. In the event of the same club winning both the S.League and Singapore Cup, the runners-up of the league takes up the AFC Cup qualification spot. Foreign clubs are ineligible to represent the Football Association of Singapore in AFC continental competitions. The qualification spot is given to the next best-placed local club in the league if a foreign club wins any of the two competitions.

Past champions
The league has seen five clubs win the title since its inception. Warriors FC (formerly Singapore Armed Forces FC) hold the most titles at nine. In 2010, Étoile became the first foreign side to win the competition.

* The inaugural season of the S.League was split into two series. The winners of each series completed in a championship playoff in which Geylang United defeated Singapore Armed Forces to claim the first S.League title.

Type of awards in the Singapore Premier League

 * Player of the Year
 * Young Player of the Year
 * Coach of the Year
 * Team of the Year
 * Goal of the Year
 * Top Scorer
 * Golden Glove
 * Fair Play Award
 * People's Choice Award
 * Dollah Kassim Award

All-time league table
The all-time Singapore Premier League table is a cumulative record of all match results, points and goals of every team that has played in the league since its inception in 1996. The table that follows is accurate as of the end of the 2023 season. Teams in bold are part of the 2024/25 season.


 * a: Does not include the title playoff match at the end of 1996 Season. Geylang United defeated Singapore Armed Forces 2–1 to clinch the S.League title.
 * b: Sinchi FC had 3 points deducted for gross misconduct in 2005.
 * c: Woodlands Wellington had 6 points deducted for match walkout in 2007.
 * d: 2009 results involving DPMM were annulled due to a FIFA ban so season its not calculated.
 * e: Young Lions and Beijing Guoan Talent had 5 points deducted each for gross misconduct in 2010.
 * f: Étoile and Hougang United had 5 points deducted each for pre-match brawl in 2011.
 * g: Lion City Sailors is part of a new entity club from the 2020 season onwards.

Team records

 * Most titles: 9, Warriors
 * Most consecutive title wins: 4, Warriors (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009)
 * Biggest title-winning margin: 23 points, 2018; Albirex Niigata (S) (66 points) over Home United (43 points)
 * Smallest title-winning margin: 1998 season; 0 points and +5 goal difference
 * – SAFFC (+29) over Tanjong Pagar United (+24) Both finished on 46 points, but SAFFC won the title with a superior goal difference, the only time that goal difference has decided the League title in history.
 * Most points in a season: 84 points, SAFFC (2002)
 * Most wins in total: 389, Tampines Rovers
 * Most wins in a season: 26, SAFFC (2002)
 * The biggest home win: 9–0
 * SAFFC 9–0 Sembawang Rangers (15 June 2002)
 * Tampines Rovers 9–0 Tanjong Pagar United (16 March 2004)
 * The biggest away win: 1–10
 * Young Lions 1–10 Lion City Sailors (13 August 2022)
 * Matches with most goals: 4–9
 * Hougang United 4–9 Lion City Sailors (26 August 2022)
 * Most defeats in total: 371, Balestier Khalsa
 * Most defeats in a season: 25, Gombak United (2002)
 * Most draws in total: 120, Woodlands Wellington
 * Most goals scored in a season: 104
 * SAFFC (2002)
 * Home United (2003)
 * Most goals conceded in a season: 103, Young Lions (2022)
 * Fewest goals conceded in a season: 11, Tampines Rovers (2020)


 * Matches with most bookings: 13, Étoile vs Woodlands Wellington (11 March 2010)
 * Match days with most bookings: 37 yellow cards, 1 red card – 2010 season: Matchday 30
 * Match day with most sending off: 4 red cards – 2015 season: Matchday 17
 * Matches with most penalties: 4
 * Tanjong Pagar United vs Young Lions (1 October 2022)
 * Harimau Muda A vs Woodlands Wellington (15 April 2012)
 * Matches with the highest number of spectators: 18,942
 * Albirex Niigata (S) 2–1 Tampines Rovers (at Singapore National Stadium on 31 March 2018)
 * Match days with the most goals: 37 – 2002 season: Matchday 28
 * Match days with the least goals: 11 – 2000 season: Matchday 11
 * Most Golden Boot Winners: 9
 * SAFFC (1996, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2009)
 * Most Golden Gloves Winners: 8
 * Albirex Niigata (S) (2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021, 2023)

Player records

 * Most league appearances: 518, Daniel Bennett
 * Most goals scored: 385, Aleksandar Đurić
 * Most league titles won: 8, Aleksandar Đurić
 * Top goal scorer in a single league season: 39, Mirko Grabovac (During the 2001 season)
 * Most different clubs played for: 8
 * Farizal Basri (Tampines Rovers, Young Lions, SAFFC, Balestier Khalsa, Geylang United, Sengkang Punggol, Home United and Woodlands Wellington)
 * Oldest player:
 * Alizanda Sitom, 46 years 9 months 26 days old (for DPMM vs Home United on 25 May 2017)
 * Oldest outfield player:
 * Daniel Bennett, 44 years 9 months 13 days old (for Tanjong Pagar United vs Tampines Rovers on 20 October 2022)
 * Oldest goal scorers:
 * Daniel Bennett ~ 44 years 7 months 27 days old (On 3 September 2022 vs Hougang United)
 * Youngest player:
 * Nathan Mao, 15 years 5 days old (for Lion City Sailors vs Tampines Rovers on 31 March 2023)
 * Youngest Goal scorers:
 * Hakeme Yazid Said, 16 years 5 months 25 days old (for DPMM vs Geylang International on 2 August 2019)
 * Most seasons appeared in: 26
 * Daniel Bennett (every season from 1996 to 2022)
 * Most Successful debuts:
 * John Wilkinson (scored 4 goals on his Geylang United debut against Home United on 1 March 2005)
 * Most Unsuccessful debuts:
 * Stanely Ng (Red card within 4 minutes into his debut for Geylang United against Young Lions on 3 March 2011)
 * Number of matches that a outfield player that haven't yet scored a goal: 219
 * Nor Azli Yusoff (for Young Lions, Balestier Khalsa, Gombak United, Hougang United, Home United, Tanjong Pagar United and Geylang International)

Manager records

 * Most league title won by a coach: 4
 * Richard Bok (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009)
 * Kazuaki Yoshinaga (2017, 2018, 2022, 2023)
 * Most matches by a coach: 123
 * Jörg Steinebrunner (with Woodlands Wellington, Sengkang Punggol, Geylang International and Warriors)

As of 8 July 2024 As of 8 July 2024""""
 * Youngest Manager: 29 years 5 months 22 days
 * Gavin Lee (for Tampines Rovers vs Balestier Khalsa on 1 March 2020)
 * Oldest Manager: 69 years 7 months 4 days
 * Radojko Avramović (for Home United vs Young Lions on 3 July 2019)
 * Record transfers fee: Diego Lopes (€1.8 million transfer from Rio Ave on 21 January 2021)
 * Record transfers fee received: Fazrul Nawaz (€45,000 transfer to Hougang United on 13 July 2018)

Notable foreign player

 * Foreigner that naturalised as a Singaporean is not counted in the list.
 * Only applicable as a player and not as a coach after their retirement.