Snake wine

Snake wine (rượu rắn; ស្រាពស់, sra poas) is an alcoholic beverage produced by infusing whole snakes in rice wine or grain alcohol. The drink was first recorded to have been consumed in China during the Western Zhou dynasty (c. 1040–770 BC) and believed in folklore to reinvigorate a person according to Traditional Chinese medicine. It can be found in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, North Korea, Goa (India), Vietnam, Okinawa (Japan), Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and throughout Southeast Asia.

The snakes, preferably venomous ones, are not usually preserved for their meat but to have their "essence" and/or snake venom dissolved in the liquor. The snake venom proteins are unfolded by the ethanol and therefore the completed beverage is usually, but not always, safe to drink. The Huaxi street night market (華西街夜市) of Taipei, Taiwan, is renowned for its snake foods and wine products.

History
Consumption of snakes and their viscera has long been considered by followers of traditional Chinese medicine to promote health. Snake wine was first recorded to be used in China during the Western Zhou dynasty (771 BC) and the supposed medicinal use of snakes was noted in the medical manual Shen nong ben cao jing (神農本草經) compiled between 300 B.C. and 200 A.D. The detailed uses of various snake feces, their body parts, and various preparations were elaborated in Li Shizhen's Bencao Gangmu (本草綱目). Snake bile was offered to Yang Jisheng as treatment for the injuries he suffered in prison circa 1554.

In culture
In Vietnam, the common regional name for snake wines is rượu thuốc, while less common ones are referred to as rượu rắn. A similar drink is made with dehydrated geckos or sea horses rather than snakes. Snake wine, due to its high alcohol percentage, is traditionally drunk in shot glasses.

It is illegal to import snake wine to many countries because many of the snakes used for its production are endangered species.

Health risks
The risks of ingesting snake wine include systemic envenomation from the contained venom, which may present features differing from direct envenomation by snakebite. A number of health problems of the vascular system may result, including damage to the vascular wall endothelium, abnormal platelet function, and coagulopathy.

Varieties
The main types of snake wine, which use either parts of a live snake, or the entire snake itself are steeped or mixed.