Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope

The Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope is a modern 4.1 m aperture optical and near-infrared telescope located on Cerro Pachón, Chile at 2,738 m elevation. It was commissioned in 2003, and is operated by a consortium including the countries of Brazil and Chile, Michigan State University, the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) (part of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, NOAO), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Partners have guaranteed shares varying from 10 to 30 percent of the observing time.

The telescope uses active optics on its primary and secondary mirrors to attain median image quality 0.7 arcsec at a wavelength of 500 nm. Multiple instruments are available on standby, mounted at unusually high weight-capacity Nasmyth foci and two lower capacity bent-Cassegrain foci. Switching is accomplished within a few minutes by rotating the 45° tertiary mirror. The pointing of this mirror is adjusted at high speed to prevent image blur from vibrations induced by wind-shake of the telescope structure.

Overview
Its optical specifications are:
 * M1 total diameter 4300mm
 * Entrance Pupil Diameter	4100mm
 * Pupil central Obstruction 980mm
 * M1 working f/# 1.6855 (no prime focus is available)
 * Focal plane working f/# 16.625
 * Effective Focal Length 68176.3mm
 * Gamma ratio (dZ(foc)/dZ(M2))	100.5
 * Zero-Vignetting Field Diameter	14.4arcmin
 * Focal Plane Radius of curvature	966.3mm
 * Sag w/r to Maximum Field	10.59mm

Instruments
Current (5/2014) instruments are:
 * UV–optical 16-million pixel imager (SOI, CTIO)
 * near-infrared (1–2.4 μm wavelength) 1-million pixel HgCdTe imager and spectrograph (OSIRIS, Ohio State University/CTIO)
 * UV–optical 16-million pixel imager and spectrograph (Goodman Spectrograph, UNC)
 * near-infrared (1–2.4 μm wavelength) 16-million pixel HgCdTe imager (SPARTAN, MSU)
 * adaptive optics module (SAM, CTIO)

Additional facility instruments are being commissioned:
 * UV–optical 16-million pixel integral-field spectrograph (SIFS, Brazil)

User instruments are employed by individual astronomers or teams but not available to all users.

US astronomers access the telescope remotely over the Internet 2. Chilean and Brazilian astronomers use their high-speed networks. An on-site operator controls where the telescope points while the remote astronomer controls the instrument and data retrieval.

The SOAR telescope dome is a $2 million, 66 ft, weatherproof structure weighing over 70 tons.