Stone ender



The stone-ender is a unique style of Rhode Island architecture that developed in the 17th century where one wall in a house is made up of a large stone chimney.

History
Rhode Island was first settled in 1636 by Roger Williams and other colonists from England. Many of the colonists came from western England and brought the prevalent British architectural ideas with them to New England, but adapted these to the environment of Rhode Island. The colonists built “stone enders” which made use of the material that was in abundance in the area: timber and stone. Rhode Island also had an abundance of limestone (in contrast to the other New England states), and this allowed Rhode Islanders to make mortar to build massive end chimneys on their houses. Much of the lime was quarried at Limerock in Lincoln, Rhode Island.

Only a few stone enders remain in the 21st century. Architectural restoration specialist Norman Isham restored several original stone enders in the early 20th century (see Clement Weaver House and Clemence-Irons House). Scituate sculptor Armand LaMontagne hand-built a large 17th-century style stone-ender off of Route 6 in Scituate, Rhode Island in the 1970s.

Description
Stone ender houses were usually timber-framed, one and one-half or two stories in height, with one room on each floor. One end of the house contained a massive stone chimney which usually filled the entire end wall, thus giving the dwelling the name of “stone ender.” Robert O. Jones noted that the windows were very small “casements filled with oiled paper” and that “the stairs to the upper chambers were steep, ladder-like structures usually squeezed in between the chimney and the front entrance.” He points out that a few houses may have had leaded glass windows, but that was very rare. See Clement Weaver House, East Greenwich, Rhode Island for an example containing the leaded glass windows and ladder-like stairs.

List of early extant Rhode Island stone-enders

 * Clemence-Irons House, Johnston, Rhode Island, 1691
 * Clement Weaver House, East Greenwich, Rhode Island, 1679
 * Edward Searle House, Cranston, Rhode Island, 1670–1720
 * Eleazer Arnold House, Lincoln, Rhode Island, 1693
 * John Bliss House, Newport, Rhode Island c. 1680
 * John Tripp House, Providence/Newport, Rhode Island, 1720
 * Joseph Smith House, North Providence, 1705
 * Smith-Appleby House, Smithfield, Rhode Island, 1696 (chimney later modified)
 * Thomas Fenner House, Cranston, Rhode Island, 1677
 * Valentine Whitman House, Lincoln, Rhode Island, 1694
 * Greene-Bowen House, Warwick, Rhode Island c. 1715