Talk:Endangered species/List of representative species

Representative endangered species
The following lists are examples of endangered species. These lists contain a small fraction of the known endangered species, and contain only a minuscule fraction of the total endangered species (known and unknown). The number of species becoming extinct each year is many times as large as the number of species actually classified as endangered. The gap between species classified as endangered and the species that are endangered but not classified arises for reasons such as:
 * the extensive and slow review process for listing new species as endangered
 * the varying standards for regarding a species as endangered
 * the voluminous number of yearly extinctions, often for species about which little or no documentation exists

The lists in this section should not be regarded as comprehensive.

Endangered mammals
The following list is a very small fraction of known endangered mammals:
 * African Wild Dog (Lycaon pictus)
 * Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis)
 * Banteng (Bos javanicus)
 * Black-footed Ferret (Mustela nigripes)
 * Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus)
 * Bonobo (Pan paniscus)
 * Diademed Sifaka (Propithecus diadema)
 * Eastern Gorilla (Gorilla beringei)
 * Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus)
 * Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox)
 * Giant golden-crowned flying fox (Acerodon jubatus)
 * Giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis)
 * Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
 * Giant Sable Antelope (Hippotragus Niger varani)
 * Golden Lion Tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia)
 * Gray Bat (Myotis grisescens)
 * Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi)
 * Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus)
 * Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata)
 * Indri (Indri indri)
 * Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis)
 * Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus)
 * Key Deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium)
 * Mahogany Glider (Petaurus gracilis)
 * Mainland Serow (Capricornus Sumatraensis)
 * Maned Three-toed Sloth (Bradypus torquatus)
 * Mountain Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla beringei)
 * Mountain Pygmy Possum (Burramys parvus)
 * Northern Hairy-nosed Wombat (Lasiorhinus krefftii)
 * Persian Leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor)
 * Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus)
 * Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens)
 * Red Squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris)
 * Red Wolf (Canis rufus)
 * Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)
 * Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis)
 * Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia)
 * Steller's Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus)
 * Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii)
 * Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)
 * Thorold's Deer (Cervus albirostris)
 * Tibetan Antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii)
 * Tiger (Panthera tigris)
 * West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus)

Endangered birds



 * Alaotra Grebe (Tachybaptus rufolavatus)
 * Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus)
 * Amami Thrush (Zoothera major)
 * Amsterdam Albatross (Diomedea amsterdamensis)
 * Attwater's Prairie Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri)
 * Bali Starling (Leucospar rothschildi)
 * Black-capped Petrel (Pterodroma hasitata)
 * Bornean Peacock Pheasant (Polyplectron schleiermacheri)
 * Brazilian Merganser (Mergus octosetaceus)
 * California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus)
 * California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum browni)
 * California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus)
 * Chatham Albatross (Thalassarche eremita)
 * Chinese Crested Tern (Sterna bernsteinii)
 * Christmas Island Frigatebird (Fregata andrewsi)
 * Cozumel Thrasher (Toxostoma guttatum)
 * Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon)
 * Eskimo Curlew (Numenius borealis)
 * Giant Ibis (Thaumatibis gigantea)
 * Glaucous Macaw (Anodorhynchus glaucus)
 * Guam Rail (Gallirallus owstoni)
 * Gurney's Pitta (Pitta gurneyi)
 * Hawaiian Crow (Corvus hawaiiensis)
 * Hawaiian Goose or Nēnē (Branta sandvicensis)
 * Imperial Woodpecker (Campephilus imperialis)
 * Indian White-rumped Vulture (Gyps bengalensis)
 * Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis)
 * Jerdon's Courser (Rhinoptilus bitorquatus)
 * Junin Flightless Grebe (Podiceps taczanowskii) \
 * Kagu (Rhynochetos jubatus)
 * Kakapo (Strigops habroptilus)
 * Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris)
 * Kiwi (Apteryx australis, A. hastii, A. owenii)
 * Laysan Duck (Anas laysanensis)
 * Lear's Macaw (Anodorhynchus leari)
 * Long-billed Vulture (Gyps indicus)
 * Magdalena Tinamou (Crypturellus saltuarius)
 * Magenta Petrel (Pterodroma magentae)
 * Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo)
 * Mangrove Finch (Camarhynchus heliobates)
 * Mauritius Fody (Foudia rubra)
 * Mauritius Parakeet (Psittacula eques)
 * Mindoro Bleeding-heart (Gallicolumba platenae)
 * New Zealand Storm-petrel (Oceanites maorianus)
 * Night Parrot (Geopsittacus occidentalis)
 * Northern Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita)
 * Okinawa Woodpecker (Sapheopipo noguchii)
 * Orange-bellied Parrot (Neophema chrysogaster)
 * Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi)
 * Poo-uli (Melamprosops phaeosoma)
 * Puerto Rican Parrot (Amazona vittata)
 * Raso Skylark (Alauda razae)
 * Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis)
 * Red-vented Cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia)
 * Ridgway's Hawk (Buteo ridgwayi)
 * São Tomé Grosbeak (Neospiza concolor)
 * Seychelles White-eye (Zosterops modestus)
 * Siberian Crane (Grus leucogeranus)
 * Slender-billed Curlew (Numenius tenuirostris)
 * Socorro Mockingbird (Mimodes graysoni)
 * Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus gregarius)
 * Spix's Macaw (Cyanopsitta spixii)
 * Sumatran Ground Cuckoo (Carpococcyx viridis)
 * Takahē (Porphyrio hochstetteri)
 * West Indian Whistling Duck (Dendrocygna arborea)
 * White-headed Duck (Oxyura leucocephala)
 * White-shouldered Ibis (Pseudibis davisoni)
 * Whooping Crane (Grus americana)
 * Writhed-billed Hornbill (Aceros waldeni)
 * Yellow-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea)
 * Zino's Petrel (Pterodroma madeira)

Endangered reptiles
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 * Antigua Ground Lizard (Ameiva griswoldi)
 * Antigua Racer Snake (Alsophis antiguae)
 * Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia silus)
 * Burmese Star Tortoise (Geochelone platynota)
 * Californian Walking Bird (Augusto squamish)
 * Chinese Alligator (Alligator sinensis)
 * Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard (Uma inornata)
 * Cuban Crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer)
 * Flat Back Turtle (Natator depressa)
 * Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas)
 * Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
 * Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana)
 * Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis)
 * Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)
 * Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta)
 * Mesoamerican River Turtle (Dermatemys mawii)
 * Mona Ground Iguana (Cyclura stejnegeri)
 * Monito Gecko (Sphaerodactylus micropithecus)
 * Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea)
 * San Francisco garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia)
 * Smith's Dwarf Chameleon (Bradypodion taeniabronchum)
 * St. Croix Ground Lizard (Ameiva polops)

Endangered amphibians



 * Arroyo toad (Bufo californicus microscaphus)
 * Australian Lace-lid (Nyctimystes dayi)
 * Barton Springs Salamander (Eurycea sosorum)
 * Baw Baw Frog (Philoria frosti)
 * California Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma californiense)
 * Desert Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps aridus)
 * Fleischmann's Glass Frog (Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni)
 * Houston toad (Bufo houstonensis)
 * Italian Spade-footed Toad (Pelobates fuscus insubricus)
 * The Great Small Footed Frog
 * Mississippi Gopher Frog (Rana capito sevosa)
 * Mountain Yellow-legged Frog (Rana muscosa)
 * Palmate Newt (Triturus helvetica)
 * Santa Cruz Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum)
 * Shenandoah Salamander (Plethodon shenandoah)
 * Sonoran Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi)
 * Spotted Tree Frog (Litoria spenceri)
 * Texas Blind Salamander (Eurycea rathbuni)
 * Wallum Sedge Frog (Litoria olongburensis)
 * Wyoming Toad (Bufo baxteri hemiophrys)

Endangered fish



 * Asian arowana (Scleropages formosus)
 * Bonytail (Gila elegans)
 * Chinese paddlefish (Psephurus gladius)
 * Coelacanth (Coelacanthiformes)
 * Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius)
 * Cui-ui (Chasmistes cujus)
 * Dwarf Pygmy Goby (''Pandaka pygmae)
 * Gambusia eurystoma, native to Mexico, due to very limited habitat
 * Humpback chub (Gila cypha)
 * June sucker (Chasmistes liorus)
 * Moapa dace (Moapa coriacea)
 * Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus)
 * Virgin River chub (Gila seminuda)
 * Whale Shark (Rhincodontidae Rhincodon typus)

Endangered arthropods
''Main article: Endangered arthropod

The IUCN has found that 53 percent of all arthropods that have been evaluated are designated as endangered or threatened. (The IUCN does not disaggregate endangered from critically endangered or threatened for the purpose of these statistics.) Given that estimates of the number of arthropod species ranges upwards of 10,000,000, there may be in the neighbourhood of 5,000,000 arthropod species which are either endangered or threatened, most of which have not yet been fully described, let alone evaluated. The following is a very small fraction then of the known endangered artropods:


 * Alabama cave shrimp (Palaemonias alabamae)
 * Delhi Sands flower-loving fly (Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis), due to severely limited range of habitat and development
 * Kentucky cave shrimp (Palaemonias ganteri)
 * San Bruno elfin butterfly (Incisalia mossii bayensis), due to limited range of habitat and development encroachment
 * Smith's blue butterfly, Euphilotes enoptes smithi, due to human overpopulation of coastal dunes areas and associated highway and land development
 * Spruce-fir moss spider (Microhexura montivaga)
 * Tasmanian giant freshwater crayfish (Astacopsis gouldi)
 * Tooth cave spider (Neoleptoneta myopica)
 * White-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes)
 * Frigate island palm beetle
 * Medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis

Endangered molluscs

 * Iowa Pleistocene Snail (Discus macclintocki)
 * Kanab Ambersnail (Oxyloma haydeni kanabensis)

Endangered plants
About 6% of the 300,000 identified species are endangered due to overcollection or destruction of habitat, among other causes. Pollinator decline is also a factor for some species. The following is a very small fraction of the endangered plants:


 * African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha), due to forest clearance and over collection
 * Baishanzu fir (Abies beshanzuensis) of southeast mainland China, three trees known on an isolated mountain summit
 * Baker's larkspur (Delphinium bakeri) of California, due to very limited habitat
 * Chilean wine palm (Jubaea chilensis), due to land clearance
 * Dawn Redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), thought to be extinct until 1941, when a small stand was discovered in China
 * Hickman's potentilla (Potentilla hickmanii), thought to be extinct until rediscovery in early 1990s.
 * Kaka Beak (Clianthus puniceus) of New Zealand, due to introduced grazers and competing plants
 * King of the Paphs Orchid (Paphiopedilum rothschildianum) of Asia, due to overcollection
 * Louisiana Quillwort, (Isoetes louisianensis) of Louisiana, due to very limited habitat
 * Madonna lily (Lilium candidum) of Europe, due to overcollection
 * Muiri tree (Prunus africanus) of Kenya and neighboring countries, because of harvesting excessively and by improper methods
 * Pinus squamata of southwest mainland China, about 20 trees known
 * Saguaro cactus (Carnegia gigantea) of North America, due to overcollection, slow maturing, and slow breeding
 * Saharan Cypress (Cupressus dupreziana) of North Africa, due to small population and desertification
 * Santa Cruz Tarweed (Holocarpa macradenia), of California, due to limited range of habitat and encroachment by man
 * Tennessee coneflower (Echinacea tennesseensis) and Pyne's ground plum (Astragalus bibullatus) of the Nashville Basin of Tennessee, due to limited cedar glade habitat and its destruction by urbanization.
 * Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis) of Australia, also known as the 'Dinosaur Tree'. Wollemia fossils have been found in Australia, Antarctica and New Zealand.  The plant was thought to be extinct until two trees were discovered in 1994.  Research into the horticultural development of the Wollemi pine is being conducted at Mount Annan Botanic Garden. The plants are now available and commercially propagated.
 * Ceroxylon quindiuense due to human action.

Endangered fungi
The IUCN lists only 3 fungi species, all of which are endangered or critically endangered.
 * Boreal Felt Lichen (Erioderma pedicellatum)
 * Pleurotus nebrodensis
 * Reindeer Lichen Cladonia perforata