Talk:Frog

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Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
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Using amphibians as biological control agents
Frogs can be used to biologically control or deplete uncontrolled growth of invasive alien plants — Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.141.1.90 (talk) 21:12, 9 August 2014 (UTC)

Model
The image captioned "Dissected frog..." is showing an anatomical model of a dissected frog, undoubtedly over life-size. Perhaps for the sake of accuracy the caption should be modified. Urselius (talk) 20:15, 21 December 2014 (UTC)
 * It doesn't look particularly over life-sized to me, but the image of the webbed hind foot is definitely enlarged! Cwmhiraeth (talk) 06:17, 22 December 2014 (UTC)
 * I have amended the caption to reflect that a model is depicted. I have seen many such models and they average about 3x life-size, ask yourself what advantage a life-sized model would have in teaching a class. Urselius (talk) 11:00, 26 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Ah, I see what you are getting at. Your new caption is fine. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 11:43, 26 December 2014 (UTC)

It looks great!! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.221.103.239 (talk) 09:59, 29 July 2016 (UTC) A — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:56A:704C:4800:9967:8884:6FA0:6AF1 (talk) 00:42, 4 February 2020 (UTC)

Urostyle
It says that frogs characterized by the presence of a "urostyle",  which is wikilinked to the article about coccyx, the vestigial tailbone of humans and tail-less apes. Nothing there related to amphibians or says what a "urostyle" is, at all. Lathamibird (talk) 00:47, 7 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I have added a few explanatory words and unlinked it from "coccyx". It is also mentioned elsewhere in the article. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 06:21, 7 February 2015 (UTC)

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Semi-protected edit request on 25 May 2016
Frog From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the group of amphibians. For other uses, see Frog (disambiguation). Frogs Temporal range: Early Jurassic - Present, 200–0 Ma PreЄЄOSDCPTJKPgN Anoures.jpg Various types of frogs. Scientific classification e Kingdom:	Animalia Phylum:	Chordata Class:	Amphibia Clade:	Salientia Order:	Anura Duméril, 1806 (as Anoures) Suborders Archaeobatrachia Mesobatrachia Neobatrachia – List of Anuran families

Distribution.anura.1.png Native distribution of frogs (in green) Frogs are a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (Ancient Greek an-, without + oura, tail). The oldest fossil "proto-frog" appeared in the early Triassic of Madagascar, but molecular clock dating suggests their origins may extend further back to the Permian, 265 million years ago. Frogs are widely distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest concentration of species diversity is in tropical rainforests. There are approximately 4,800 recorded species, accounting for over 85% of extant amphibian species. They are also one of the five most diverse vertebrate orders.

The body plan of an adult frog is generally characterized by a stout body, protruding eyes, cleft tongue, limbs folded underneath, and the absence of a tail in adults. Besides living in fresh water and on dry land, the adults of some species are adapted for living underground or in trees. The skin of the frog is glandular, with secretions ranging from distasteful to toxic. Warty species of frog tend to be called toads but the distinction between frogs and toads is based on informal naming conventions concentrating on the warts rather than taxonomy or evolutionary history; some toads are more closely related to frogs than to other toads. Frogs' skins vary in colour from well-camouflaged dappled brown, grey and green to vivid patterns of bright red or yellow and black to advertise toxicity and warn off predators.

Frogs typically lay their eggs in water. The eggs hatch into aquatic larvae called tadpoles that have tails and internal gills. They have highly specialized rasping mouth parts suitable for herbivorous, omnivorous or planktivorous diets. The life cycle is completed when they metamorphose into adults. A few species deposit eggs on land or bypass the tadpole stage. Adult frogs generally have a carnivorous diet consisting of small invertebrates, but omnivorous species exist and a few feed on fruit. Frogs are extremely efficient at converting what they eat into body mass. They are an important food source for predators and part of the food web dynamics of many of the world's ecosystems. The skin is semi-permeable, making them susceptible to dehydration, so they either live in moist places or have special adaptations to deal with dry habitats. Frogs produce a wide range of vocalizations, particularly in their breeding season, and exhibit many different kinds of complex behaviours to attract mates, to fend off predators and to generally survive.

Frogs are valued as food by humans and also have many cultural roles in literature, symbolism and religion. Frog populations have declined significantly since the 1950s. More than one third of species are considered to be threatened with extinction and over one hundred and twenty are believed to have become extinct since the 1980s.[1] The number of malformations among frogs is on the rise and an emerging fungal disease, chytridiomycosis, has spread around the world. Conservation biologists are working to understand the causes of these problems and to resolve them.

Contents [hide] 1	Etymology and taxonomy 2	Evolution 3	Morphology and physiology 3.1	Feet and legs 3.2	Skin 3.3	Respiration and circulation 3.4	Digestion and excretion 3.5	Reproductive system 3.6	Nervous system 3.7	Sight 3.8	Hearing 3.9	Call 3.10	Torpor 4	Locomotion 5	Life history 5.1	Reproduction 5.2	Life cycle 5.2.1	Eggs / frogspawn 5.2.2	Tadpoles 5.2.3	Metamorphosis 5.2.4	Adults 5.3	Parental care 6	Defence 7	Distribution and conservation status 8	Uses 8.1	Culinary 8.2	Scientific research 8.3	Pharmaceutical 9	Cultural beliefs 10	References 10.1	Notes 10.2	Bibliography 11	External links

74.100.77.197 (talk) 05:16, 25 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. —&thinsp;JJMC89&thinsp; (T·C) 06:12, 25 May 2016 (UTC)

Frog urine to promote bone repair.
I live in Taiwan and there are several Aboriginal tribes along the East Coast that use frog urine as a medicine to help broken bones mend. I recently broke my arm falling off a tree and tried this "tea" treatment. I did not like having to kill 75 to 100 small frogs by dunking them in boiling water. This is what is suppose to extract the urine. I'm guessing that would scare the piss out of me too. So many people do this to shell fish for the pleasure of eating I thought I would do this for scientific and medical research purposes. I've drank the tea but did not eat the frogs, eating them is recommended. I am entering my fourth week mending and will let you know what happens in the next few weeks. In addition to the frogs, basil, garlic, splash of rice wine and a pinch of salt was used, the flavor was OK. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 36.236.162.19 (talk) 02:45, 18 July 2016 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 8 August 2016
change "froges"

2602:306:83F1:6B00:8106:3E5:20CB:B45B (talk) 23:52, 8 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. Cannot find "froges" in article when using Ctrl-F  Eve rgr een Fir  (talk) 00:59, 9 August 2016 (UTC)

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Semi.protected edit request on 1 May 2017
89.240.190.200 (talk) 14:01, 1 May 2017 (UTC)

Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. Murph 9000 (talk) 14:53, 1 May 2017 (UTC)

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Semi-protected edit request on 12 December 2017
Frog metamorphosis

From an aquatic tadpole to a jumping frog, the changes that you see in the physiology, behavior, and morphology is immense. The swimming tadpole changes its aquatic-adapted swimming body form into a frog with fore- and hindlimbs within a span of 30-60 days depending on the species. This change requires coordination between organs and the environment. Many studies have been focused on the hormonal control behind these changes. Gayani s (talk) 15:40, 12 December 2017 (UTC)


 * Not changed - suggested text is poor quality and inferior to current text. HCA (talk) 15:51, 12 December 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 12 December 2017
Frog metamorphosis

From an aquatic tadpole to a jumping frog, the changes that you see in the physiology, behavior, and morphology is immense. The swimming tadpole changes its aquatic-adapted swimming body form into a frog with fore- and hindlimbs within a span of 30-60 days depending on the species. This change requires coordination between organs and the environment. Many studies have been focused on the hormonal control behind these changes (e.g., Shi et al., 2005; Brown & Cai, 2007; Mukhi et al., 2010). The change from a tadpole to a frog is sudden, which happens during the period called "metamorphic climax." Metamorphic climax highlights the period when the tadpole develops its front legs, until the period when it fully absorbs the tail (usually 6-8 days). During this period, the tail gets absorbed, the notochord degenerates, legs emerge, the intestine remodels, skin glands form - from having tadpole-specific organs and cells, a transformation happens to adult-specific cells and organs. Recent studies have highlighted the "gene-switch" phenomena during this period, where the same type of cells expresses different genes during the metamorphic climax. As an example, the fibroblasts (surrounding the notochord), change in secreting collagen (growth program) to secreting proteolytic enzymes (death program). Also, epithelial cells change from secreting DG118 (tadpole-specific) to PM7 (adult-specific). Intestinal-epithelial cells secrete BMP4 during the metamorphic climax, but not in tadpole stages. Also, red blood cells change from expressing tadpole-globin to adult-globin. These are some of the instances, which have been highlighted in showing gene-switching at metamorphosis. However, further studies are required to observe these interesting phenomena of frogs and to see if it is conserved across vertebrates. Gayani s (talk) 16:05, 12 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. There is already a metamorphosis section (section 5.2.3) so it is not clear if you are proposing and addition or replacement of that section with the text you have placed here. Also, there is only one poorly-formed reference in this text.  Please include reliable sources for proposed text changes with correctly-formed references.  Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 16:52, 12 December 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 12 December 2017
Frog metamorphosis

From an aquatic tadpole to a jumping frog, the changes that you see in the physiology, behavior, and morphology is immense. The swimming tadpole changes its aquatic-adapted swimming body form into a frog with fore- and hindlimbs within a span of 30-60 days depending on the species. This change requires coordination between organs and the environment. Many studies have been focused on the hormonal control behind these changes (e.g., Shi et al., 2005; Brown & Cai, 2007; Mukhi et al., 2010). The change from a tadpole to a frog is sudden, which happens during the period called "metamorphic climax." Metamorphic climax highlights the period when the tadpole develops its front legs, until the period when it fully absorbs the tail (usually 6-8 days). During this period, the tail gets absorbed, the notochord degenerates, legs emerge, the intestine remodels, skin glands form - from having tadpole-specific organs and cells, a transformation happens to adult-specific cells and organs. Recent studies have highlighted the "gene-switch" phenomena during this period, where the same type of cells expresses different genes during the metamorphic climax. As an example, the fibroblasts (surrounding the notochord), change in secreting collagen (growth program) to secreting proteolytic enzymes (death program). Also, epithelial cells change from secreting DG118 (tadpole-specific) to PM7 (adult-specific). Intestinal-epithelial cells secrete BMP4 during the metamorphic climax, but not in tadpole stages. Also, red blood cells change from expressing tadpole-globin to adult-globin. These are some of the instances, which have been highlighted in showing gene-switching at metamorphosis. However, further studies are required to observe these interesting phenomena of frogs and to see if it is conserved across vertebrates. Gayani s (talk) 17:11, 12 December 2017 (UTC)


 * Not done - Have you even the read the article? This is a poor replacement for what is already there, with poor-quality writing, and incorrect reference formatting.  Stop suggesting things, take some time to read the article, and take some time to familiarize yourself with editing Wikipedia. HCA (talk) 17:56, 12 December 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 April 2018
To add into the "Call" section, first paragraph: "Additionally, some species have been found to use man-made structures such as drain pipes for artificial amplification of their call." Source: Tan, W., Tsai, C., Lin, C. and Lin, Y. K. (2014), Storm drains enhance calls of a tree frog. J Zool, 294: 77-84. doi:10.1111/jzo.12154 Link: https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12154, checked 2018-04-27.

I propose to add the text to the end of the first paragraph, after the words "up to the miles away." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2a01:e35:8b58:c2d0:c1c7:496c:82af:e083 (talk • contribs) 21:29, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done Waddie96 (talk) 16:34, 2 May 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 14 May 2018
Hi I would like to share my knowledge on what type of frogs there are and how many there are out there Definitely Not Michael (talk) 14:16, 14 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate.  JTP (talk • contribs) 14:22, 14 May 2018 (UTC)

Frogs in popular culture
Possibly worth adding: Eastmain (talk • contribs) 15:19, 17 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Doesn't seem like a significant piece of what people would want to know about frogs. - Sum mer PhD v2.0 19:25, 17 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Probably best added to Frogs in culture. Martinevans123 (talk) 20:05, 17 June 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 August 2019
AL-MAYYAHI2004 (talk) 00:31, 7 August 2019 (UTC) i found a new kind of frogs that are called Murtaza
 * Wikipedia can't publish original research, but if they have been described in reliable sources we can add them. – Thjarkur (talk) 18:12, 7 August 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 2 December 2019
frogs come before tadpoles. they developed as a frog then get smaller. 107.77.237.7 (talk) 00:26, 2 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting wait.svg Already done — IVORK Talk 00:52, 2 December 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 April 2020
Some species like the dusky Gropher frog Have been depleted by human encroachment on their habitats. 2409:4065:495:B9F4:1CBE:D366:6C33:6B (talk) 17:41, 27 April 2020 (UTC)


 * ❌. It's not clear what changes you want to make (or how this specific bit of info would fit into such a high-level article about frogs). –Deacon Vorbis (carbon &bull; videos) 17:57, 27 April 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 July 2020
In this sentence:

An apparently lifeless, frozen frog can resume respiration and the heart beat can restart when conditions warm up.

Please change "heart beat" to "heartbeat". The Cardiac cycle article always uses "heartbeat" and never "heart beat". 2601:5C6:8081:35C0:8042:624:2FAC:7EA8 (talk) 00:41, 27 July 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅. ◢  Ganbaruby!   (Say hi!) 01:44, 27 July 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 30 August 2020
Can I edit this FireworkBurst (talk) 20:34, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Not directly yet, but you can suggest edits here on this talk page. – Thjarkur (talk) 20:50, 30 August 2020 (UTC)

Arabian toad
The "Native distribution of frogs" grapic seems to suggest there are no frogs in Saudi Arabia. But what about the Arabian toad? It seems to be found all over western Saudi Arabia. Is this a mistake?

incorrect frog species
under the section "adults" the frog is described in a section as "xenopus laevis" or african clawed frog going through metamorphosis, but i can recognize that the frog in the video linked is an african dwarf frog or the hymenochirus. can this be fixed? Fernfrogs (talk) 15:20, 16 June 2021 (UTC)
 * I can make no judgement on the frog, but the movie is at File:Xenopus laevis froglet swimming -1749-8104-7-13-S10.ogv and sourced to a paper on Xenopus laevis. It seems to match, although I can't view the movies at the journal for some reason. —  Jts1882 &#124; talk 15:51, 16 June 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 1 July 2021
In the section "morphology and physiology" the citation no. 48 is a research by Tyrone Hayes which is controversial & has not been replicated. As stated in the amphibian section of article Atrazine, his research has been declared by EPA and APVMA as not properly conducted, and EPA, DEWHA, APVMA and Independent researchers from japan were unable to replicate his research: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19008211/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16082954/ https://web.archive.org/web/20100704154517/http://www.apvma.gov.au/news_media/chemicals/atrazine.php. Since the study is controversial, kindly remove that source(citation no. 48).

Also, removing that source/citation doesn't change any content of the article as what is stated in the article is correct, but the study on whether atrazine does it is controversial & not clear. Also other 3 sources(citation no.46,47 & 49) are enough, so citation no.48 is redundant.

So kindly remove citation no.48 as it is controversial, redundant & not been replicated.

Thank you. 2409:4042:2D90:AE40:F932:A62F:2F05:757A (talk) 12:32, 1 July 2021 (UTC)


 * ✅ Seems reasonable. Now removed. Martinevans123 (talk) 12:38, 1 July 2021 (UTC)


 * @Martinevans123 Thank you for your response, but it seems you accidentally removed 2 citations instead of that one citation I had requested to be removed. So kindly look into the same. Thank you.


 * Have now restored Relyea (2005). It always pays to look before you leap. Thanks for checking. Martinevans123 (talk) 14:01, 1 July 2021 (UTC)

@Martinevans123 Always happy to help. Actually that study was poorly conducted.

Also appreciate your co-operation. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2409:4042:2D90:AE40:F932:A62F:2F05:757A (talk) 14:36, 1 July 2021 (UTC)


 * As per WP:BLP, please be careful about making accusations about individuals without (or even with) any supporting evidence. That particular author still has two papers listed as citations here. Thanks. Martinevans123 (talk) 10:26, 2 July 2021 (UTC)

@Martinevana123 Okay I'll be careful, but I'm not sure which two papers you're referring to. If you're talking about citation 182 that's from a different person named Floyd E. Hayes & I'm not sure about the other.2409:4042:2D9F:AC09:1E6:E462:BBA8:8DA3 (talk) 09:37, 3 July 2021 (UTC)


 * Oh, I see. Thanks for clarifying. Martinevans123 (talk) 09:40, 3 July 2021 (UTC)

disable (roasts and antisocial activites) activate games — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:C7F:F4DF:7700:79BA:945:96E8:52F0 (talk) 22:20, 19 January 2022 (UTC)

Toads are formally distinguished from other anurans.
The article claims that "Warty frog species tend to be called toads, but the distinction between frogs and toads is informal, not from taxonomy or evolutionary history.", however, toad does technically refer to the family: Bufonidae. Non-bufonid warty frogs being refered to as toads is just an error regarding terms, much like a person calling Bonobos a type of monkey, isn't it? StewardOtto (talk) 01:58, 14 March 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 30 June 2022
There is a typo in ' In traditional Chinese myths, the world rests on a giant frog, who would try to shallow the moon' it should say 'swallow' or else it does not make sense. Hailtoad (talk) 15:09, 30 June 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ Terasail [✉️] 15:16, 30 June 2022 (UTC)

Mistake
There is a mistake 2A00:23C6:191E:A701:ADA5:842C:E8EC:D3DF (talk) 15:50, 2 July 2022 (UTC)

Could you please specify where this mistake is? Skullovitch (talk) 18:34, 5 September 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 1 November 2022
162.17.91.205 (talk) 18:02, 1 November 2022 (UTC) dancein is what to do making my moves danceing
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: – dudhhr talk contribs (he/they) 19:09, 1 November 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 30 March 2023
The statistic "these include over 7500 species" link to Frost (2021) has been updated to 8,596 species, or over 8500 for readability. I recommend updating this number to include the more recent 2023 version of the source. Alwafibuno (talk) 14:51, 30 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: the number "7574" hasn't been changed in the source. M.Bitton (talk) 15:06, 30 March 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 May 2023
Request to change heading from "Defence" to "Defense" to match English spelling that is consistent with the rest of the article. Phardner (talk) 16:25, 25 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: "Defence" is the British English spelling, and "defense" is more commonly used in the US. Actualcpscm (talk) 17:20, 25 May 2023 (UTC)

Mistake under Taxonomy?
It says the family Craugastoridae has over 850 species, however when you go to the page for Craugastoridae it says there are only 129 species. The photos on the Craugastoridae page are also for a different family as well. Is it supposed to be family Strabomantidae? 2603:8080:2200:38D9:A5EA:AF87:9E35:8F9B (talk) 01:37, 18 September 2023 (UTC)


 * The subfamily Pristimantinae, with its 693 species, has been moved from Craugastoridae to Strabomantidae. The most specious families statement has been updated. I've also changed the taxobox images at Craugastoridae. —  Jts1882 &#124; talk 12:24, 19 September 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 October 2023
§ Although most frogs breathe in their skin, they can also breathe like a human, although the way they breathe in their lungs is a little different than a human. They're breathing in air through their noses, into their lungs. The mechanism of lung inflation in amphibians like frogs is the buccal cavity(mouth-throat) pumping mechanism that also functions in air-breathing fishes. Their mouth is depressed during this process, which draws air into the nostril. Then the nostril closes, forcing air from the mouth to the lungs through a contraction at the floor of the mouth. The nostril opens and the floor of the mouth moves up pushing the air out of the nostrils. Frogs, too, also have respiratory surfaces on the sides of their mouth that make gas exchange very easy. While resting, this process is their principal form of breathing; it fills the lungs on an occasional basis.

 Eayode3 (talk) 19:57, 27 October 2023 (UTC)

Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. PianoDan (talk) 16:51, 2 November 2023 (UTC)

Length
I am by no means an expert on Wikipedia, but this article seems very long. Is this the normal length, or should it be shortened? 2001:569:5657:1000:EC90:F2E8:7CC2:86DE (talk) 05:07, 10 March 2024 (UTC)


 * Potato... just potato 2403:4800:349F:600:D846:CF1D:60B:4B6A (talk) 05:14, 16 June 2024 (UTC)