Talk:Lethal injection

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Inflamatory Language
"Typically, three poisons are used in state-sanctioned murder by lethal injection." (This seems like it was written from a decidedly anti-death penalty perspective. Specifically the use of "state-sanctioned murder").Ufos8mycow00 (talk) 15:44, 30 November 2009 (UTC)

Changed the line to read: "Typically, three poisons are used in state-sanctioned lethal injection."

I have changed "and an excruciatingly painful death wherein the inmate is unable to express his or her pain because he has been rendered paralyzed by the paralytic agent. (ref name = horizon)" to "and an uncomfortable death wherein the inmate is unable to express his discomfort because he has been rendered paralyzed by the paralytic agent.(ref name = horizon)" because the citation does not state that being conscious during the process causes any pain. I imagine that it causes discomfort, so I have retained that concept. I have also eliminated the his/her wording because it is not used consistently throughout the sentence. Ufos8mycow00 (talk) 15:53, 30 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Edited Ufos8mycow00's comment for punctuation as it was screwing up the Wiki-Code. --BjKa (talk) 08:48, 14 September 2011 (UTC)

edited for clarity
The original as follows...

"The American Medical Association's Code of Ethics prohibits doctors from participating in executions [2]. However there is always a physician present to officially declare the prisoner dead."

is neither correct nor clear.

--Every1blowz 18:58, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

Comment: the external link a) will not be available as long as the article b) (to say the least) doesn´t has the quality of the article ..may be just substantiated personal opinion say: what has pet pharmacology to do with capital sentence?

Comment: Shouldn't this article mention the use of lethal injection by the Nazi Dr. Karl Brandt between 1939 and 1941 as part of the T-4 Euthanasia Programme?


 * While I won't remove, delete this reference (nor would I change it unless I can find a source that says otherwise), I find it hard to believe that Brandt was the "inventer" of the entire concept of lethal injection. I also see this as a really bad violation of Godwin's Law. --L. 23:58, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

I am wondering why can't they use some kind of encephalogram to monitor brain behavior of the person being executed. Presumably being in a lot of pain would involve a high level of brain activity, unlike being unconscious. So if such high level of activity were detected, some other procedure could be used to finish the person off quickly. Watcher

Article at the moment: "Some doctors object to participating in executions, claiming that it violates their Hippocratic oath." -- is there actually any debate on this? Can we replace it with "Some doctors object to participating in executions, as that violates their Hippocratic oath." Ojw 20:50, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The few physicians that are willing to participate probably would disagree. I have no objection to changing the wording, however. -- Bk0 03:41, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)


 * You're guaranteed to find "some" physicians who agree with any given proposition, and it's pretty meaningless to impute positions to such unnamed persons. A more informative statement would be something like, "The American Medical Association's Code of Medical Ethics forbids physician participation in executions, including such activities as "prescribing or administering... medications that are part of the execution procedure; monitoring vital signs... attending or observing an execution as a physician... rendering of technical advice regarding execution...selecting injection sites; starting intravenous lines as a port for a lethal injection device; prescribing, preparing, administering, or supervising injection drugs or their doses or types; inspecting, testing, or maintaining lethal injection devices; and consulting with or supervising lethal injection personnel."  The AMA's Code of Medical Ethics is advisory rather than having any force in law, but most American physicians abide by it."  But then someone would scream that that's "Americocentric". Perhaps some other similarly explicit code of ethics from some suitably non-American country can be found. Whether an action "seems" to violate one of the Hippocratic oaths is someone's (unattributed) opinion; explicit codes of medical ethics come with their own attribution.- Nunh-huh 03:55, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)


 * Wordy rather than Americocentric maybe. This article will mostly be about America anyway, so no objection to mentioning AMA. The Hippocratic oath is universal so might be more relevant and understandable to many people. (it's also a moral thing rather than a legal one, so the two might be orthogonal)


 * My question was do the doctors who administer lethal injections believe that it's not a violation of their oath or are they ignoring that oath? Is the statement "this oath prohibits killing people" merely the opinion of "some doctors" (as the article currently implies)?  Ojw 14:59, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)


 * "The" Hippocratic Oath is in fact several different similar oaths, and there are many physicians today who have never taken any one of them: they are far from universal. Almost no modern physicians have taken anything near the original oath, which is pledged to pagan gods, entails an obligation to financially support one's teachers, forbids urological surgery, euthenasia, and medical abortions, etc. The "Hippocratic" oaths have no special position regarding medical practices, other than their historical influence on current medical ethics, as manifested by medical boards and the various legal systems. - Nunh-huh 21:42, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Removed the section refering to the hipocratic oath. If states acting in accordance with the oath, then abortion would be illegal in the state of California.

I am editing the second paragraph, first sentence, under history for better clarification and understanding of what it means because I found it a little confusing. OliviaSimmons13 (talk) 07:05, 1 December 2013 (UTC)

I also am moving the part where it talks about euthanasia randomly in the article which is found under the table of contents, in the actual euthanasia section to give it more clarification. OliviaSimmons13 (talk) 15:59, 4 December 2013 (UTC)

help me understand
So...why don't they just give them megadoses of these things? Shoot them 10 syringes of Sodium Thiopental and the other drugs that they use? Surely that would answer any questions about whether or not the prisoner was aware?


 * They do give a very large dose of each drug. The main point of contention seems to be the use of a very short acting barbiturate (thiopental) rather than a longer acting drug (like pentobarbital) and then the use of a paralytic immediately afterward, which would hide the fact that the prisoner is still conscious if the initial barbiturate was not effective. --Bk0 00:16, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

The person who added the section on controversy is obviously biased about the death penalty. It is true that pentothal is an ultra-short acting barbiturate and is given in anesthesia induction. But it is also a drug used for medical induced comas and the difference is the dosing of the drug to take advantage of its unique pharmacokinetics. Medical induced comas are an extremely rare procedure. Typically it is only used for patient with severe brain injury either from trauma or following a neurosurgical procedure. Using barbiturates decreases the brain activity and therefore decreases metabolic requirements and metoboloic byproducts which may increease brain swelling. Keeping the swelling to a minimum, increases the likelihood of a better outcome.

To suggest that the anesthesia is inadequate is completely naive. There are so many drugs out there that can knock a person out completely. To suggest that people in the medical community do not understand the pharmacokinetics of an "ultra-short" acting barbiturate is the height to stupidity. After 5 grams of pentothal, you could probably saw a person in half and not see any changes on an electroecephalogram. Maybe we should change the name to "ultra-potent" or "ultra-long" to confuse the idiots who think it only works for a few seconds.

Anesthesia awareness does occur. But this occurs when the anesthesiologist is trying to not give too much, yet at the same time trying to give enough drugs to prevent awareness. In lethal injection, there is no concern about adverse effects from too much drugs. After all, the convict will be dead in a few seconds anyways.

Who cares if they are aware? I'm sure they gave their victims the same courtesy. Lethal injection is a tidy way of doing messy business that is not supposed to upset the libtards. No one has ever complained if the guillatine as being too painful, we should just go back to a tried and true method.208.242.58.126 (talk) 11:53, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

1982 vs 1983
Since it appears that both are quoted as the date for the Texas thing, I have added a parenthetical citing the History Channel. Andre ( talk ) 01:30, May 17, 2005 (UTC)


 * My feeling is that the History Channel is just plain wrong. The Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Clark County Prosecutor , Death Penalty Information Center all say 1982. Evil Monkey&#8756;Hello 02:24, May 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Some more site that say 1982: Florida Corrections Commission, Texas Execution Information Center , Amnesty International . 02:33, May 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * The History Channel is no kind of source. The Texas Department of Criminal Justice website is perfectly sufficient to demonstrate the 1982 date. Demi T/C 02:40, 2005 May 17 (UTC)

I don't know why the History Channel isn't a source. I've modified the page to say that the History Channel quotes the date as 1983. It does, and it's valid to point out the discrepancy. Andre ( talk ) 19:57, May 18, 2005 (UTC)


 * Okay then some more sources. Lethal injection: a stain on the face of medicine from the British Medical Journal has 1982 as well as a source for that date (Anderson K. A more "palatable" way of killing; Texas carries out first execution by lethal injection. Time 1982 Dec 20:28.). How Stuff Works . I'm sorry but IMHO the History Channel is just plain wrong. Evil Monkey&#8756;Hello 00:26, May 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * And another one, this time a from the New York Times - it is their article from December 7, 1982 on the execution itself . I will quote:
 * HUNTSVILLE, Tex., Tuesday, Dec. 7 -- The state of Texas injected Charles Brooks Jr. with a deadly combination of sedatives and drugs just after midnight today, making him the first condemned prisoner in the United States to die by lethal injection.
 * Evil Monkey&#8756;Hello 00:30, May 19, 2005 (UTC)

It doesn't matter how many sources state otherwise, we should report that the History Channel has it as the other date. Maybe it should only be a footnote, but it deserves to be reported. Andre ( talk ) 20:41, May 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Should we report a discrepancy in a secondary source, casting doubts on primary sources. What about if I found Charles Brooks death certificate? Or his death warrant? Would we still need to report about the History Channel and what seems to be a mistype on their part? Evil Monkey&#8756;Hello 05:29, May 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I see no need to report this here, as this article is about Lethal Injection and not the errors of The History Channel's fact-checkers. Demi T/C 06:43, 2005 May 20 (UTC)

"Sodium thiopental, in a dose high enough to cause death by itself: to put the victim to sleep" *assumes* what is explicitly controverted in the "Is Lethal Injection Painless?" section. It is, in fact, factually wrong. The dose of sodium pentathal is not sufficient to cause death by itself, although it may well cause unconsciousness long enough for the other two drugs to take effect. But if given along, the person will eventually wake up.

It was in 1982 (Part 2)
I am asuming good faith here. However you must accept that there isn't any controversy over the year the first lethal injection in the United States occurred. Although the History Channel state 1983, every other source states 1982. This would suggest that someone at the HC has just made a typo when entering dates.

You said in your addition to the article that all HCplusers it. I'm am interested to know what it would take to prove you when these executions took place. As soon as I can (there is a strike today at uni) I will get a scan of the New York Times article about the execution. I have also found the Boston Globe article from 1982 on ProQuest. Would you accept it if I went to the extreme of finding Charles Brooks's death certificate? Evil Monkey∴Hello 21:58, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

--This is a little reply as an anonymous user here. Death certificates and birth certificates a NOT always 100% accurate. Take my grandmother as an example for a moment. She has found two separate birth certificates for her name. No, they aren't for different people. All the information on them are describing her; however, one says she was born in August, the other says she was born in October... TWO YEARS after the one that says August. Something similar could have occured in this case. ~Anonymous--

This is a reply by the user Ahnighito, the person who first brought this issue to attention. I am very much dissapointed in the fact Evil Monkey is continuously changing the appropriate edit when this is a date that is unconfirmed. As I recall, this is against Wikipedia rules and should therefore cease immediately. We are here to provide the correct information and if we cannot do that, then provide both sides of the argument. Mr. Andre has already stated that he edited the article to credit the History Channel with the other date. You, Evil Monkey, have no right whatsoever in correcting the edits of someone who has more authority on this website. Also, for your precious information. It is not only the History Channel that is stating its 1983. You're obviously turning a blind eye to every single website out there that does not say 1982 which is not a professional way of doing things. Do you realize you are arguing with someone who has a Ph.D in History? Do you realize you are arguing with a network whose historians have probably researched this issue more than you ever have? Kid, you're not even 20 years old yet. Call if age discrimination if you will, but you should respect your elders. Second of all, my birthday happens to be December 7, 1983 and I know for a fact Brooks was executed on the same date and year. Do not try to tell me different. I have rearched the events of my birthday since I was 10 years old. (Currently I'm 21). The only time ever that I have seen the execution date as 1982 is when you brought it up. So what if Texas' website says 1982? So what if the New York Times says 1982? The point is there are two different dates floating about and both should be mentioned. Now quit being a childish brat. The way you're acting is just like the public schools refusing to teach both sides of the Origin of Life Argument. This is not vandalism, as you've said to me before. This is correcting mistakes that should not be on a site that people depend on for information.


 * I agree with you that the dates on documents can be wrong. However in with this date, I don't think that it is the case. We are talking about an event that only occurred just over 20 years ago. You say that I am ignoring other sources than the History Channel -- can you provide some links so I can check them out. At this point all I can say is that I am completely unconvinced that many other credible sites have systematically made errors in the date. Evil Monkey&#8756;Hello 05:40, 5 August 2005 (UTC)


 * The date of the first execution in the modern era was December 7, 1982. (By the way, the history channel does not disagree. )  There is no controversy about this.  I happen to have Lexis, which allows me to research news articles:


 * Dan Balz, Supreme Court Denies Stay; Texas Executes Man by Drug Injection, Washington Post, Dec. 7, 1982, at A1.
 * Bruce Nichols, Charlie Brooks Dies with a Yawn, United Press International, Dec. 7, 1982.
 * Robert M. Press, Texas Execution Rekindles Debate Over Death Penalty's Impact on Crime, Christian Science Monitor, Dec. 8, 1982, at 7.


 * The list goes on and on. Unended 15:09, August 6, 2005 (UTC)

oh really? The history Channel doesn't disagree? They sure do on the documentary of execution methods and on this URL, asshole. http://www.historychannel.com/tdih/tdih.jsp?category=general&month=10272964&day=10272972  Now let the correct/debated date be posted and quit being a bitch about it.


 * There is no debate, unless you seriously believe that all of these periodicals reported on Charlie Brooks being executed by the State of Texas a year early. What you have found is merely an error in the history channel's website, one not repeated on the specific history channel website that I posted a link to.  I have sent an e-mail to the history channel so they can correct their error on that single page you found. Unended 23:27, August 9, 2005 (UTC)


 * Please stop making personal attacks against editors. Calling people bitches, assholes and childish brats doesn't help. And remember to sign your posts by adding ~ . Evil Monkey&#8756;Hello 00:26, 10 August 2005 (UTC)
 * You speak of deleting editor's comments. You delete ours all the time. The info needs to be displayed.

I'd just like to comment here that I feel sorry for, but commend, those on the 1982 side who had to spend valuable time debating this... There has to be a better way of resolving disputes than this. We need tinfoil-hat detectors or something... --Gantlord 17:56, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

The first
Wasn't Nathan in 1821 the first executed this way in the USA? (http://users.bestweb.net/~rg/execution/WEST%20VIRGINIA.htm) Pibwl &#91;&#91;User_talk:Pibwl&#124;talk]] 18:59, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

I found the same info here: http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/ESPYdate.pdf Name (Last, First): Nathan (Wilson) Race: Black Sex: Male State: WV Date (d,m,y): 1, 5, 1821 Crime: Murder Method: Injection Jurisdiction: State Heatsketch (talk) 02:17, 19 March 2008 (UTC)


 * I think both sites are based on the Espy database, which was compiled painstakingly over several decades by Watt Espy who died in August, and chances are there are no other easily obtainable sources (Espy poured over local newspaper records for the areas the executions occurred). If the information is correct, it was almost certainly a crude injection, so it's not lethal injection in the modern sense. --Jatkins (talk - contribs) 22:07, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

Poison not chemicals
Run some thought experiments before you deny that it's poison. Scenario 1: a "government" runs out of the non-lethal chemicals and uses just the poison. Would we still call the process "lethal injection" or would we come up with a new name? Scenario 2: a "government" runs out of the traditional poisons and starts finding new ones, eventually using all of the known poisons. Again, does the "government" change the name of the process to something else or retain the terminology "lethal injection?" - Naif 22:10, 24 November 2005 (UTC)
 * All chemicals are lethal in sufficient quantity. The designation of poison vs chemical is arbitrary based on, eg, intent and potency of toxicologic effect. It should be noted that there is no non-lethal chemical used in the typical lethal injection cocktail. All three of the cited drugs can be lethal in and of themselves. --Bk0 (Talk) 23:36, 24 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Question: are all three chemicals injected in sufficient quantity to make them a poison? I believe only one is.  On a separate issue, I don't believe anybody considers "water" a poison, although it, too, is a chemical that is lethal in too high of a dosage. -- Naif
 * Technically at least two are: pancuronium bromide and KCl. I remember reading somewhere that the thiopental was also used in lethal dosages, however I don't remember where and I haven't seen that claim again since. I don't believe the dosages of the drugs are adjusted for individual prisoners (ie, a 120lb inmate receives the same amount as a 300lb inmate) so I doubt the thiopental would necessarily be of sufficient quantity in all executions. --Bk0 (Talk) 10:51, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

Cognitive dissonance
Please study this article, Cognitive dissonance, before making any edits. Traditional taboos against the use of poison, typically used only against human beings by assassins and so-called "barbarians," are what prevent "modern" human beings from accepting that lethal injection is a fig-leaf for state-sponsored poisoning. -Naif 22:14, 24 November 2005 (UTC)

Lethal drugs section
Plagiarised from Answers.com [] and not cited. At least the potassium chloride section is copied and even if it were properly quoted Answers dot com is not an encyclopedia. It has advertisements and the lethal injection answers.com page currently has a consumer targeting ad from ebay asking "Looking for Lethal Injection? Find exactly what you want today." I don't think I'd bid on that and I don't think that is a reputable source even if they are entangled in, citing and being citied by, wikipedia.--209.162.8.244 06:56, 31 March 2007 (UTC)


 * I like that consumer-targeted ad ))))))))
 * But you are wrong about plagiarism - just scroll to the end of the page on answers.com and you will see the following statement:
 * "This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)". --Alexander Iwaschkin 12:49, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

I copy-edited this section as it was listed for such. Hopefully I haven't changed any of the meaning while doing so. Might be worth someone checking it in case... Didsbury ryder 19:49, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for editing it... I made some small changes after your corrections. I think it is more concise now. I originally wrote about this topic in my blog and thought other might find an analysis and/or explanation of the drugs interesting. I'm an ER doctor with a past history of extensive neurosurgical ICU experience...but I typically put people onto a diprivan drip to completely knock them out.

Controversy section
Much of the controversy section was filled with incorrect information. There is no need for "correct" dosing of the pentothal... its a massive overdose designed to put a person into a coma extremely rapidly. There is no cross reactivity with pancuronium. There is no need for an anesthesiologist to give an overdose. There are of bunch of drugs that can completely knock a person out. Pentothal appears to be the most efficient. To argue that the medical community does not know how to place a person in a coma is ridiculous.

Also, there are comments on how the vetinary association states that pancuronium is inhumane. Well it is only inhumane if used alone... you can read the other person's link.

If an anti-death penalty person would like to re-write the "problems with starting an IV" section then let them. These are about the most inconsequential arguments that I have ever heard...


 * This is utterly ridiculous. There is a need for "correct" dosing of sodium thiopental: it is the barbiturate responsible for anesthetizing the person prior to the injection of other drugs intended to kill the person.  Asserting it is a "massive overdose" is not sufficient, especially given the manner in which the drugs are injected (i.e., remotely).  There is indeed cross reactivity with pancuronium; your assertion to the contrary is simply wrong.  Furthermore, the heart of the controversy is not in the fact that sodium thiopental is given, but that other, wholly unnecessary drugs are.  This creates a needless risk that threatens to torture the person receiving the injection.  There is a reason this procedure is not followed to euthanize terminally ill humans or even animals, for whom the AVMA prohibits (along with many state laws) injecting both a barbiturate in combination with a paralyzing agent.  (You are dead wrong that the AVMA prohibits pancuronium only when used alone; the 2004 panel explicitly prohibited use of a barbiturate in combination with a neuromuscular blocking agent.)


 * Yes, there are many drugs that can "completely knock a person out," including kill them. Some of them, alone, would do the trick and do it humanely (such as a massive dose of sodium pentobarbital).  So the question is: why are we injecting people with needless chemicals that needlessly increase the risk they will expierence torture?  I understand that sadists support such endeavors, and perhaps one could offer the principle of sadism in support, but otherwise? Unended 01:29, 11 January 2006 (UTC)


 * I reverted the section, and I included the proponents' counter argument at the end. Anybody can feel free to expand on that argument, of course. Unended 01:47, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

To unended: I see that you wrote "proponents of the staus quo"  ovbiously invalidates many of your claims and makes the controvesy section one sided and derogatory towards the pro-death penalty argument. Arguements in open source that are incorrect, misleading and false will get corrected. You should read the drugs section to understand pentothal better.

I have experience with these drugs and I have given barbiturates to patients to maintain medical comas (cases that involve brain swelling). I typically use diprivan for comas, but sometimes barbiturates are better especially for patients who are about to go into DTs. Patients in the operating room get thiopental and then non-depolarizing agents like pancuronium every day, probably on the order of tens of thousands of operations a day. Its

I see that you recommend pentobarbital, but its onset of action takes longer than pentothal. You need more education on drugs before you take obviously biased and make it one sided.


 * First, you need to understand the purpose of the section within the context of a Wikipedia article: it is about the controversy surrounding lethal injection as practiced today (and, yes, there is one). As such, the section's purpose is to lay out the critics' arguments against the status quo. Naturally, for the sake of neutrality, the position of those who defend the status quo may be presented as well.  I encourage you to present this position.


 * But your revisions to date have not only entirely eviscerated a detailed section which accurately represented the critics' position, but it then disingenuously misrepresented the critics' position. For example, your revision states: "In addition, pro-death penalty advocates state that groups opposed to the death penalty have not proposed a combination of drugs which they believe is more humane."  But, in fact, the article before you revised it stated, "The opponents say that because death can be painlessly accomplished, without risk of consciousness, by the injection of a single large dosage of barbiturate, the use of any other chemicals is entirely superfluous and only serves to unnecessarily increase the risk of torture during the execution."  I am reverting.  Again, you are welcome to add the arguments offered by defenders of the status quo in juxtaposition to those of the critics.  That is the purpose of this section of the article: controversy.  What you may not do is misrepresent the position of the critics or eliminate an entire detailed section accurately characterizing their arguments as have been presented in courts of law.


 * You may have experience with these drugs, but I have experience with litigation and experts who have experience with these drugs. As for pentobarbital, what does its onset of action matter, if that is the only drug given?  The AVMA recommends a single large dose of pentobarbital to euthanize animals like cats, dogs, and primates (which humans are).  The reason is obvious: in a large dose, it results in painless, unconscious death.  You appear to be thinking like a surgeon, not a humane killer.  What patients in the operating room get by professional anesthesiologists under close supervision has no relevance to what people being killed by hidden technicians with a remote control get. Surgeons operating on people with the intent to save them have different goals from those whose aim is to kill a person humanely.  Unended 02:57, 12 January 2006 (UTC)


 * Previous phrasing said "The claim that the pancuronium prevents the pentothal from working yet still is capable of causing paralysis without any scientific evidence is only testiment to the fact that oppenents of the death penalty are willing to lie.". Imo this is a character attack on opponents of the lethal injection and hurts objectivity. I rephrased it to emphasize the point that the claim is not supported by scientific evidence, which is objective.


 * Edited the orignal so that it doesn't sound like an "attack." Added the opinion that supporters of the death penalty are concerned that theories about drug interactions that have never occured before in the history of drug interactions are now appearing in the debate on lethal injection.

Errors in the arguments against section
First, sodium thiopental is an ultrashort-acting barbiturate, used in surgery only in the induction phase of anesthesia, specifically so that the patient may awaken and breathe on his or her own if any complications arise in inserting a breathing tube pre-surgery. It is not used to maintain a patient in a surgical plane of anesthesia because of its short-acting nature.
 * actually, barbiturates are not used in maintenence of anesthesia since they have a LONG half life. If a patient was to get a dose that lasts longer than the induction phase, the drug would have had to be dosed higher. If at the higher dose, and once the drug reaches a steady state, the effects of this drug are now dependent on the half life... which happens to be very long.  therefore, the above statement is factually incorrect.
 * also, thiopental is used in anesthesia not "in surgery." The sentence sturcture is incorrect to try and imply that thiopental has "only" one use.

Second, the second injected chemical, pancuronium bromide, may act to dilute the initial injection of sodium thiopental.
 * Of course this is not true read the dilution section... only makes anti-death penalty people sound like liars. someone should try and show two other drugs in which different sites of action, and where one drug doesn;t work yet the other one does in the acute setting.  It doesn't exist.

Third, because the personnel involved in administering the injection lack training and expertise in anesthesia, the risk of failing to induce unconsciousness is greatly increased. The dose of sodium thiopental must be measured with precision, and the calculation of the proper amount of the drug depends upon both the concentration of the drug and the size and condition of the subject. Because of the manner in which the drugs are administered (remotely, with no observation of the inmate), the risk of errors in the injection causing insufficient amounts of chemicals to enter the bloodstream is greatly increased.
 * The dose is 5 grams. An anesthesiologist, nurse, or a tech could deliver the dose.  The dose of pentothal is not measured with precision.... its 5 grams. "the calculation of the proper amount" does not depend on the "concentration of the drug" (which is also incorrect) and the dose is not adjusted for the size of the patient. Another factual error.  the condemmed is observed in the process (another error).  Otherwise the risks of not given enough drugs because of the "remoteness" of the delivery probably only holds true if there is a problem with the IV which can occur.  But it is unlikely that not enough pentothal is given since another 5 grams could be given. If not enough potassium is given then the dose is repeated until there is effect.

I think pain can not be monitored during executions because of the use of pancuronium bromide,, that is a muscular relaxant mostly used to facilitate endotracheal intubations, of course with the use of the sedatives, all brain activity is diminished, the person being executed is completely alert, but he can not move at all, but eventhough the person might be in excruciating pain,, any type of cerebral monitoring is unreliable due to the sedatives..Danny_109

PD: with the amount of benzodiazepines they use to sedate the person being executed you can easily intubate a horse...danny_109

I also opposed the use of paralizers during executions,, that is inhumane, not even animals are put out like that, if the government " must " kill someone then the paralizers should be off the list and only the sedatives and the potasium mix should be used,or a lethal morphine or meperidine dose, sedating the person and reducing respiratory stimulus that brings on my oppinion a quick and humane death..danny_109


 * to Danny_109: Your statement makes no sense. It does not sound like you have medical training or even an understanding of the drugs. The condemmed is in a COMA.  If what you say is true, then everyone who has every received anesthesia must be awake in the process. Morphine and demerol are opiod analgesics and not anesthetics.  It is unethical to perform very painful procedures under opioids alone.  Its either an anesthetic (local or general), or an opioid/sedative combination. Sure morphine and demerol can be lethal in overdose, but so is pentothal, and pentothal happens to be what is given for inducing COMAS.  If you were more knowledgeable, then you would know that both morphine (histamine release) and demerol (siezures) are bad choices.  A better opioid would be fentanyl or remifentanyl. In addition, death (as defined under lethal injection) is when the electrical activity in the heart stops.  In a respiratory failure patient, cardiac activity can occur for a long time... (I've see it at over an hour). You should probably abstain from forming medical opinions or support your claims with some facts. As an example you state: "with the amount of benzodiazepines they use to sedate the person being executed you can easily intubate a horse" ...wrong drug class.  Pentothal is a barbiturate.


 * You're misunderstanding what Danny is trying to say. He's (rightly) pointing out that pancuronium or some other antinicotinic beast of a chemical is entirely unnecessary for the purpose of humane execution by lethal injection. Even if one were to assume that 100% of people (which is statistically unprovable) are in a GCS3 coma after the thiopental dose as given, the issue remains that the pancuronium could be avoided entirely in light of the fact that the condemned is going to be killed off by the massive K+ administration anyway.


 * Actually, the glascow coma scale was designed for trauma. Even though it is used in nontrauma, it is a bad indicator for levels of anesthesia.  The stages are from 1-4 with 1 being amnesia, 2 delirium, 3 surgical plane, and 4 overdose.  Since the typical dose of thiopental is about 250mg and induces unconsciousness in over 98% of patients, and since the SD for the effectiveness is probably about 100 mg, and given that the dose is 5 grams, you are looking at at least 45 standard deviations. I have no idea how many thousands of decimal points you would have to go back to say that it is not 100%.  If what you are saying is true, then DNA evidence is reasonable doubt in and of itself...  1/50 billion is still not 100%.  Makes no sense.  As for your defense of Danny, he claimed that "all brain activity is diminished, the person being executed is completely alert." The problem with people who oppose the death penalty is that they distort the truth.  If there is any semblance on honesty, they should say that the pancuronium is not necessary (which is true—I agree), but instead they come out and claim that people are awake!!! Just look at the different arguments against lethal injection: 1)not enough pentothal 2)wrong drug 3) wears off 4)pancuronium blocks the pentothal from working yet still is capable of working, 5) dilution effect 6)an anesthesiologist is the only person capable of giving 5 grams of a drug 7)IVs are cruel and unusual 8) cats and dogs don’t get pancuronium (which is a retarded claim as well since these are typically intraperiotoneal injections—and death is not pronounced in cats by and EKG--obviously the AVMA is politically biased and its retarded that it even enters the debate).  The anti-death penalty crowd can come out and say that pancuronium is not necessary.  But they can’t come out and say that the person is awake.  That is a lie. ER MD 20:07, 25 January 2006 (UTC)ER_MD


 * ER-MD - (I'll admit "a priori" to being an opponent of the death penalty - although I'll try not to let this colour my thoughts on the subject)


 * I've read through the entire discussion properly this time, and I must admit that I was the one who had misunderstood Danny's argument and had taken a defensive stance a little too hastily. Your reasoning is fundamentally sound - and I must agree with you that many points raised in opposition to the specific method of lethal injection are motivated more by political agenda than scientific thought.


 * In response to:
 * 1)not enough pentothal 2)wrong drug 3) wears off - These three points are fundamentally the same, and I do agree with you that 5 grams (over 50mg/kg IV!) of thiopental is a dose well beyond the point at which any realistic dose/response curve will have reached its ED100 (probably not far from LD100 either!). I think we can safely say that the chance of a person still being conscious following such a bolus (if you can even call it that) due to some peculiar mutation in GABA receptor/chloride channel structure/whatever is almost insignificantly small.


 * Objections 4 and 5 baffle me even more. Pharmacology is an ever-growing body of knowledge admittedly, but I cannot imaging how that large, twice-positively charged piperidinium substituted steroid is going to bind to anything vaguely resembling the barbiturate's site, regardless of whatever weird metabolites may be produced. Talk of any "dilution effect" seems just bizarre - what kind of volumes are we dealing with anyway?


 * Perhaps only point 6 has some logic to it, not in the way you've quoted it, but in the sense that a "botched" process could (conceivably) lead to a scenario in which the thiopental is somehow not administered, or the pancuronium is given first. Then again, no methods of humane capital punishment are foolproof, apart from perhaps gassing in a sealed chamber with CO... even then, with a fool around, all bets are off!


 * Point 7 is a little redundant, since while some may find forced IVs more scary, others will fear the idea of a noose, or a shot to the head more. Based on what you would call POV.


 * So, in short, I do agree with you that many, if not most objections are based on either exaggeration or fabrication, but I still find it difficult to accept that a substance should have been unnecessarily added to the process, and one which, when administered to a conscious person (which is admittedly not the case here) leads to probably the single most terrifying death by poisoning one can imagine. Fair enough, the risk is practically zero, but it's still bad for lethal injection's PR!

Unrelated: there's an error in "...recommends animals like cats and dogs be euthanized by a single injection of a long-acting barbiturate such as sodium pentobarbital." Sodium pentobarbital (e.g., Nembutal) is a short-acting barbiturate, though longer-acting than thiopental.


 * That's no error: it's in the AVMA's report: "Desirable barbiturates are those that are potent, longacting, stable in solution, and inexpensive. Sodium pentobarbital best fits these criteria and is most widely used, although others such as secobarbital are also acceptable."Unended 02:27, 23 February 2006 (UTC)


 * At least you are honest about it. The anti-death penalty crowd should simply state that they don't believe pancuronium is necessary and propose a lethal injection protocol which they think if effective.  Its almost funny, in that they argue pentothal + potassium = coma plus death, but pentothal + pancurnonium + potassium = awake and an excruciatingly painful death. I would bet that most pro-death penalty people would be fine to change whatever drugs necessary just so long as executions were carried out fast.


 * ER_MD, the argument is precisely that pancuronium bromide (as well as potassium chloride) is (are) completely unnecessary. There is, however, contrary to what you say, a legitimate concern about consciousness, not because there is any dispute that 5g of sodium thiopental is sufficient to induce unconsciousness but because there is a dispute about the amount of sodium thiopental that inmates in fact receive.  You seem to take on faith that simply because prison officials say that 5g of sodium thiopental is administered that it in fact is.  (You should also note that the professed amount ranges from 2 to 5 grams depending on the state.)  Executions are non-public events.  Most states keep their execution protocols secret, including how and by whom the drugs are administered.  Because there is no way to know the credentials of the individual responsible for administering the injections and because, in all cases, the injections are administered remotely, sight unseen and through equipment unknown, there is no way to know exactly what amount of barbiturate the inmate is actually receiving.  Hence the concern.  Inmates may be conscious, and there is evidence (even aside from the recent Lancet article) that some inmates have in fact been conscious during the administration of the pancuronium bromide and potassium chloride (this includes anecdotal evidence from witnesses).  The issue is risk, which I would think a medical doctor should understand.  The drugs currently used by states to execute people create a completely unnecessary risk of torture.  That is the very reason the AVMA believes such procedures should never be used to euthanize mammals.Unended 02:27, 23 February 2006 (UTC)


 * Unended: True the pavulon and potassium are not required. I would support a single drug protocol so long as people on the "left" would agree--its not a big deal to me how long it takes to die although I would prefer a shorter protocol. I would do this: give one condemmed a 5 gm pentothal dose and then see how long it takes to get to flat-line--who knows 45 mintues, 3 hours? After the guy gets his 5 grams, we should bag-valve-mask him to see how long it takes for him to wake up. I've seen full arrests (people who come into the ER with no pulse/respirations and they have cardiac activity sometimes for over an hour. Of course we have tubed them, and started ACLS drugs and CPR.  The longest time frame that I have seen cardiac activity in a patient who was pretty much dead but had the faintest of a pulse (BP was like 30 systolic) was about 6 hours. (they were on a vent too)

As for knowing how much drugs poeple get--that is a fact unless the IV falls apart. You put 5 grams in on a pump...it goes into the body period. So your statement implying that people don't get 5 grams is wrong. The drugs are given on a line with port attachments like in anesthesia. On drug is given and then then next.. Its actually pretty simple. Who pushes the drugs does not make any difference since the drugs are all onthe same line and get into the person in the correct order. Certified nerse practitioners push these same drugs, I have my nurses push etomidate, ketamine, and diprivan, rocuronium, pancuronium, succinylcholine, and some times I give these drugs myself. Being in a different room makes no difference either. Lets say theoretically that the IV is dislodged and only a little pentothal get is, then drugs 2 and 3 don't get to the patient and a repeat dose would also fail since the line got dislodged. You could do endless speculations on the problems with the protcol, but anyway you cut it, the patient will first be knocked out. You can't get drugs 2 and 3, while having a failure for the frist drug to get in since they are on the same line. As for your assertion of "risk" that it fails. Well, I don't think 5 grams fails and I don't even think that a 1 gram dose fails. Again the normal dose is 250 mg and that lasts 5 to 20 minutes. Once you are above 4 times the dose, the tail phase of distribution has about 30% of the drugs in the brain...which is still enough place teh person in stage 4 anesthesia. In fact the 250 induction dose does just that for a short period of time. The Risk of conscsiouness is zero if the patient get a 1 gm dose. As the other contributor mentioned, there is no such thing as a mutated GABAa receptor that does not bind the barbiturate class. With the amount of drug, you are past surgical plane anesthesia and you are in overdose. (I've have two barbiturate overdoses in y career--one I intubated pecasue they were completely out and the other who was only in stage two and we simply watched and gave 1/2NS with 3 amps bicarb as maintence fluids.

Again, as stated above, there is no risk...the person being executed is in stage 4 anesthesia--there is no consciouness. Personally, since I work in the ER, I don't do anesthesia, but I do do deep sedation such as etomidate to put a shoulder or hit back into joint. The patients wake up in 5-10 minutes and have no idea what happened. As for the AVMA, their claim that a nondepolarizer and a barbiturate dont' work good together is politically motivated--show me one pubmed article. And if what they say is true, then the AVMA needs to state the anesthesiologists have been practicing medicine wrong for the last 40 years. I don't think so. (author was drinking when writing this entry) :) ER MD 09:47, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

As for the AVMA's idiotic statement in relationship to which barbiturate to use:  The half life of thiopental is 11.5 hours and pentobarbital is 16.9 hours. Big difference here. ...and some thiopental is actually degraded to pentobarbital. If people could only understand that the main difference between the ultra-short class (thiopental) and the short acting barbiturates (pentobarbital)is the differences in induction. With a highly potent induction agent, a smaller dose can be used, and that is why methohexital and thiopental are used (and because they are aren't too expensive). The smaller dose allows conversion over to the inhaled anesthetics without a huge dose of barbiturate that will linger around you system forever after the surgery is over.ER MD 10:01, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Confusion in the controversy section
The controversy section seems to alternate randomly between saying "proponents/opponents of lethal injection" and "proponents/opponents of the death penalty". These are two different things, and this is an article about lethal injection, so it should use only the former. Itub 16:17, 22 February 2006 (UTC)


 * It should be supporters/opponents of the death penalty since that is a real position. Nobody goes around stating their position as "I'm anti-lethal injection." There are no opponents of the death penalty who "support" lethal injection. There probably is a large percentage that would agree that lethal injection is humane, but the only people who would oppose lethal injection would be the death penalty opponents. It would be illogical and unlikely that a proponent of the death penalty would argue that they oppose lethal injection. So while supporter/oppenent of lethal injection is more precise, it is not really an identifiable group. ER MD 18:37, 24 February 2006 (UTC)


 * Most of that section is about technicalities related with the execution method, not about politics related with the death penalty. There are four possible groups, and I'd say that there are people with all of these positions. 1) Oppose death penalty, and therefore oppose lethal injection; 2) oppose dead penalty, but accept that lethal injection is the "least worst" method of execution; 3) favor death penalty, and favor lethal injection as the ideal method; 4) favor death penalty, but oppose lethal injection as the ideal method. Yes, you might not see people marching on the streets saying that they are pro-death penalty and anti-lethal injection, but that doesn't mean that the opinion doesn't exist. Itub 19:13, 24 February 2006 (UTC)


 * Actually just reviewed the section, nowhere in it does somebody use the phrase "supporters of lethal injection" or "opponents of lethal injection." ER MD 18:40, 24 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, it does:
 * Opponents of lethal injection as currently practiced argue that...
 * Proponents of lethal injection as currently practiced counter that...
 * Opponents of lethal injection as currently practiced point out, however, that...
 * Supporters of lethal injection dispute this claim.
 * Itub 19:13, 24 February 2006 (UTC)


 * My bad...changed the phrasing in the arguments in support section. I have not touched the arguments against section...someone else can do that. In reference to the 4 possible groups, technically you are correct. But I don't think that describing people as supporting lethal injection, or opposing lethal injection are well identified groups.  As an example, read any newspaper article.  Nobody states that there are groups out there that are "anti-lethal injection" ...they are refered to as "anti-death penalty advocates" or "opponents of the death penalty."  Another good example would be that the pro-choice movement is not a "pro-partial birth abortion movement" or groups that "support partial-birth abortion."  They are "pro-choice" and "do not oppose partial-birth abortion" or support the "doctor-patient relationship."
 * As for a disclaimer, I think that there may be some in the anti-death penalty camp that would argue that lethal injection is humane. That could be placed in the arguments against section--but you can do it--I have abstained from modifying the arguments against section.  As for people who support the death penalty but oppose lethal injection--I don't think that that groups exists, and if it does it is small.  Likewise, I'm sure that there are some people who support the death penalty that argue we should torture people, but nobody should give credence to such fringe ideas.  Its impossible to address every single idea regarding every possible viewpoint. ER MD 20:02, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

I'm sure there are plenty of people who support the death penalty and oppose lethal injection. These are the ones that see it as an opportnuty for revenge, and not just capital punishment. They would probably prefer to see the condemned killed via electric chair, hanging, firing squad, etc. It's the classic eye for an eye scenario. After all, why should they be treated nicely after what they did to society(if you are of that mindset, anyway)?

Also, using the language of a journalist isn't always correct, they often stick to buzzwords because it's easier for their readership to follow similar language, and make the opposition and support seem like larger groups, making the issue itself seem more important so they can capture reader interest (i.e., marketshare). But the groups mentioned in the end are specifically opposing the use of lethal injection, not trying to overturn the death sentence itself. Therefore, at least as far as this article is concerned, they are supporters and opponents of the use of lethal injection as a means of execution. To continue using the phrase "Supporters of the death penalty believe that... is ridiculous. Supporters of the death penalty might be just as happy with gassing you to death, and skipping all the feel-good drugs. 68.153.29.23 (talk) 08:14, 24 March 2010 (UTC)Joseph

Price
Don't think of me as a sucidal person, but, what is the price for a standard lethal injection? I need to know only a rough estimate for a project. Thanks
 * According to the Texas Dept of Criminal Justice, the cost per execution for drugs used is $86.08 . Evil Monkey - Hello 02:27, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

Inflammatory?
The line "Supporters of the death penalty question if this is an invented false claim" is based on the fact that there is no supporting evidence. People who support the death penalty believe that this is a blatant lie and is cogent to the debate.

Response: It seems that saying "invented false" is redundant - if it is invented, it is false; if it is false, it was invented. The whole passage just doesn't seem very neutral to me - though perhaps none of us are neutral on the topic :) stephan.com 06:34, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

False reporting of Lancet study
The article cites an article in the Lancet, but by misreading or misrepresenting the figures - deliberately or accidentially to the same effect - it dramatically overstates the Lancet findings. The Wikipedia article states:
 * University of Miami researchers reported in the medical journal The Lancet that they believed in 43 out of the 49 executions they investigated, the level of thiopental in the blood was lower than that required for surgery.

The person who edited this in relied on a link to a BBC story about the article, rather than reading the article itself. As a result, an error (or misrepresentation) in the BBC story has now polluted Wikipedia. The number given is utterly wrong, as one can discover by no more involved a task than reading the U-Miami/Lancet study. While the numbers 43 and 49 do indeed appear in the study, one appears as an integer, and the other appears as a percentage. The study did not find that of 49 executed inmates, 43 of those inmates had concentrations consistent with awareness, it found that of "49 executed inmates[,] 21 (43%) inmates had [thiopental] concentrations consistent with awareness." By failing to appreciate the significance of the percentage sign in the study, the BBC and Wikipedia have inflated the findings of the study from 43% to almost 90%. Error corrected. Simon Dodd 16:56, 13 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Moreover, I have removed the link to the BBC news report. Not only is it redundant, as it merely describes a study which is available online, but through either honest error or intentional distortion, the story grossly misrepresents the study's actual result, as described above. For these reasons, in my view, the BBC story should not be linked from this article; as a matter of first preference, the study itself should be linked, or failing that (should the article cease to be available online without charge, for example), a news story that accurately reflects the study's content should be cited. Simon Dodd 17:00, 13 April 2006 (UTC)


 * It might do you some good to read the article you profess to be faithful to. The research letter did indeed state precisely that 43 of 49 persons had sodium thiopental concentrations "lower than that required for surgery" (and that's a direct quote).  Error corrected. Unended 05:38, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

karl brandt
This has been inserted a few times. While it is true that many Jews were probably executed using some form of a "lethal injection," the reference here is not appropriate. The reason being is that it politicizes the history. A good example is where you could write that gun control was supported by Pol Pot and Stalin. While it may be cogent to the methods by which either dictator asserted their control over the population and valid within the individual articles on the dictators, the reference would not belong in the Gun Control article. The pro-gun crowd could mention that the citizenry owning firearms is a deterence to total governmental control, but stating that Pol Pot and Stalin supported gun control is a POV attempt to skew the debate. Likewise, that is the same attempt here.ER MD 08:44, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

Lethal injection=== Biased the page should be deleted 65.42.16.140 05:07, 18 May 2006 (UTC) ==

This article was written in an advocate style. It is purely unobjective. When reading the article, it is very clear that the author is against the use of lethal injection. He cites strong reasoning and examples against its use and almost a harmonious world before its implementation, and balances the reasoning of the proponents unfairly; no coherent and sound logic is applied to the 38 states who have adopted the use of lethal injection other than they are wrong to do so. It also appears no original research was done. The compounds used for a lethal injection do not define a lethal injection, as they are common knowledge by any security guard who works in a maximum security prison, or anyone who watches a movie about it. Additionally, the aspects of these compounds are incorrectly applied, and subjectively viewed as used only for death penality, and their functions seem to be defined and heart-felt on this subjective basis. The author is ranting about his ideology against the inhumane use of chemicals and capitol punishment. This article is mis-leading and unbalanced. Lethal injection is not viewed fairly. Some author has simply modified his tone, and used an encyclopedia to stack facts in a way which have no decipherable cultural meaning or value. I have used Wikipedia for a few years, but now I am a little suspicious. I really believe this article is completely ridiculous to be found in an encyclopedia. And I am indifferent to the death penalty itself, other than as a means for discussion. I cite you, and I am starting to see headlines about how you are a sham. Delete this article and keep me faithful.

ds


 * Your argument does not make sense. There is a watered down history, a simplistic procedure, explanation of the drugs, a quick aspect on ethics, and then there is an arguments against section (which granted is full of errors), and then there is and arguments in support section which pretty much blows the arguments against section out of the water. —Preceding unsigned comment added by User: (talk • contribs)

agruments against section
Somebody needs to re-write the section since there is a lot of deception using the phrases ultra-short and long-acting barbiturates. It seems to confuse people who have no understanding of pharmacology. ER MD 08:07, 19 May 2006 (UTC)


 * Well, somebody ought to tell the American Veterinary Medical Association. They seem to belive that sodium pentobarbital is a long-acting barbiturate, and they recommend using it, and it alone, to kill non-human primates.  And sodium thiopental, or pentothal, is uncontroversially ultrashort-acting.  But that's not even the real point, is it?  Since we both acknowledge that a lethal dose of any barbiturate is sufficient to kill a human being, and since we both know that prisons inject a lethal dose of barbiturate as the first drug, all other drugs are gratuitous to the execution.  Suggesting the State has the prerogative to inject additional drugs into dead inmates is no different than giving the State carte blanche with respect to any other cadaver.  The government may not defile dead bodies, at least not without prior authorization from the deceased.  Or do you think the government may do whatever it wants with any dead civillian body?


 * Actually, the AVMA, according to your link, only argues that a long acting barbiturate be used. They then state that pento and secobarbital best fit that description (among other descriptors) both of which happen to short acting barbiturates which is actually pretty funny (are they dumb, or are they just trying to bias/manipulate language?). They did this to distort the truth of the matter... Induction is best acheived with a short-acting barbiturate drug and is actually even better with an ultra-short since the time to anesthesia is much quicker.  They word it this way to take advantage of the unfortunate naming convention of the barbiturate class of drugs.  The "ultra-short" drugs which have a half-life of about 11 hours and the "short" of about 20-35 hours, and the "long" class having about 96 hours.   Of course with the ultra-short and the short acting barbiturates, doseage is much more of an issue for the duration of the effect. In addition, the fact that they even mention the use of extremely expensive drugs such as paralytics in their euthanasia report is unbelievably retarded.  Nobody interested in putting an animal to sleep would spend the 60 dollars on a parlytics. The inclusion is even more suspect since this combination of drugs is extremely common in surgies throughout the world. Obviously, the AVMA wrote their biased position statment to directly oppose capital punishment/lethal injection. If you are conviced of the meds, the next time you get a surgery as for a phenobarbital induction as opposed to a pentothal induction--see what type of reaction you get from the anesthesiologist (maybe a vet will agree to do your anesthesia).  (I've actually see it happen--person took 4 grams of phenobarbital and didn't wake up for 4 days even with diaysis.)  As for your position piece on lethal injection being gratuitus... stick to the science.  If the patient is knocked out, there is no "gratuitus" medication.  I knock people out all the time and do painful procedures without a wink (although brevital has fallen out of favor for sedation in the ED for better drugs without cardiovasc effects). Finally, the patient is not dead until the they are flat line. "Or do you think the government may do whatever it wants with any dead civillian body?"--makes no sense. ...your ideology is getting in the way of understanding how lethal injection works. ER MD 08:29, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

Actually, you can use pentobarbital, phenobarbital or thiopental for euthanasia of dogs/cats etc - I've used all of them, and they are all preactically indistinguishable in their effects. However, my experience is that a slightly higher dose of thiopental is needed than penta- or phenobarbital. It must also be said that although unconsiousness is easy to achieve, death isn't - quite often, 1 or more "top-ups" are required to achieve cardiac arrest. In horses, the volumes needed make the use of these barbiturates difficult (80-120ml i/v in a fractious patient in the field is difficult to handly) and euthanasia is less predictable, so I tend to use a coctail of secobarbital and cinchocaine (Somulose) - not that different to what is being suggested by some of the commentators above. However, I have seen a number of cases where the animal seizures dramatically, particularly if there is some hepatic or circulatory deficiency. Personally, I think it's more humane to shoot them. Dlh-stablelights (talk) 10:04, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

arguments against
I opted to finally do a re-write on the opponent section since it was not structured well and a list of how long it took for some individuals to die was not really encyclopedic. Hopefully, I fully represent the opponent side. ER MD 21:39, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

Nice work JayW
Nice work on the history section... ER MD 05:10, 20 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks. :) JayW 18:24, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

Trypanophobia, Lethal Injection and the Constitution
Does anyone know if a trypanophobe (someone with a phobia of needles and injections) has ever been executed via lethal injection? If so, who and when? I'm doing a research paper about the constitutionality of lethal injection, so this is an aspect I'd like to cover. Thanks! - Katami 00:00, 16 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Everyone ever executed by lethal injection has self-diagnosed themselves as a trypanophobe. ED MD 00:42, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

That's not quite what I meant, but I see your point. Thank you! Katami 12:07, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

Just a thought...
Has anyone ever proposed the use of a lethal dose of heroin as a method of capital punishment? If not, why not? -- The Anome 12:14, 9 October 2006 (UTC)


 * It has been proposed but the idea is punishment and not getting a person high. Barbiturates work better as well and there is a known dose that is effective. If a heroin protocol was to be devised then it would be opposed by the anti-death penalty crowd as experimentation. Pseudotumor 19:19, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

A modest proposal... time to re-introduce the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine Guillotine

Swift, simple, effective. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.220.127.203 (talk) 17:34, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

The article seems to say that the single-drug protocol can bring death about painlessly without the risk of pain involved in a three-drug procedure, particularly one administered by untrained people. I don't see why all states that follow the practice use the former method. If finding a vein that will take a needle proves impossible, cannot the condemned be given an inhaled anesthetic, even if it takes longer to induce unconsciousness? The idea that a formal execution can be too time-consuming is ridiculous, given the years the condemned will have spent on death row and the efforts expended on appeals. However, if a state doesn't want to keep witnesses hanging around for a cruel and unusual forty-five minutes, why doesn't it put the condemned into a coma with an anesthetic and then simply shoot him? Stubbycat (talk) 13:02, 30 April 2014 (UTC)stubbycat

"humaneness"
The word is used in the introduction. Please correct me if I'm wrong, but shouldn't that be "humanity"? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Drrngrvy (talk • contribs) 17:33, 16 December 2006 (UTC).
 * According to my dictionary "humanity" can be sometimes understood as hyponym of "humaneness". I'm not from english-speaking country, but "humaneness" there seems ok to me. --Pukeye 17:04, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

Three different drugs

 * (Moved conversation from Talk:Ángel Nieves Díaz)

Why do they even bother to use three different drugs? A quart of penethol should be enough to kill anyone, and without pain. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.67.39.222 (talk • contribs) 17. December 2006


 * I'm not familiar with details of the current system nor with this penethol you mentioned, but I assume the victim must get a proper anaesthesia, which is created with those two "extra" drugs. --ZeroOne ( talk | @ ) 18:20, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

Resons for Drugs 2 and 3
The effect of Potassium Chloride (#3) without (#2) would be to generate a lot of twitching and invoulantary tremors in the skeletal muscles. Together, the extra drugs speed the process and prevent convulsuions -- an executee who thrashes around makes it look like something cruel and unusual is happening to him.

The Problem is Setting the IV Properly
The biggest risk is that the IV is not set into the vein -- licenced medics refuse to take part in the procedure and many of the executees are drug users who have damaged blood vessels, as happened recently in Texas.

A different method might be to restrain the inmate and induce him or her to breathe a gas mixture containing N2, CO2 and O2 at ambient humidity. The reflex to breathe is triggered by the presence of dissolved CO2 in the blood, therefore by breathing a gas containing moderately elevated CO2 levels for say 30 to an hour prior to the execution proper, slight breathlessness could be maintained and the prisoner prevented from resisting.

If the execution was to proceed, some time after the warrant was read the O2 content could be removed from the supplied mixture. As little as two breaths of a 0% O2 gas are thought to cause loss of unconciousness (this is a risk when working with purified gases, should a leak occur and build up undetected)

Since the gases used are not poisonous but merely asphyxiating, there would be no great danger to the prison guards. It would avoid the need to ask an non-medical professional to set an IV line.
 * Or you could just put a plastic bag over his head. In your words, the prisoner could be "prevented from resisting", and no fancy equipment would be required at all. For me, the acknowledged difficulties with venous access are an indication that medical procedures should not be used to produce harm.Preacherdoc 12:10, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

NPOV
The contraversy section of this article reads both the for and against argument in a NPOV manner. The against issues are raised insofar as "proponents of this believe", where as the pro-lethal injection aspect state things matter of factly with no indication that it is a view held by persons but as though it is, for all intents and purposes, fact. Just stumbled in while skimming through a lot of articles on various subjects and this one flagged my attention with having very POV prose. Whilst on a subject like this we can never make all parties happy; it's worthwhile keeping some similarity between the pro's and con's section. So either state both arguments matter-of-factly, or weasel word it down with 'proponents of this', 'hold the belief', 'it is said', et cetera. 211.30.71.59 17:19, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Seems that Debatepedia provides a good opportunity to get around some of these difficulties (a good venting resource). No NPOV.

Recent Vandalism
I watched this page, but I will forget to check it again. If you ever find the word "porn" on this page, order a semi and a ban on User:Izzyb3 and 195.11.64.226, as they probably did it. munboy 02:45, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Recent Vandalism - rebuttal
The User munboy incorrectly attributes the recent vandalism, namely the link porn to 195.11.64.226. A cursory view of the history shows that this IP (me) actually deleted this link to pornography (15th Feb 2007). Just double check the facts before ordering a semi or a ban, whatever they are. I'm just a normal conscientious user was minding their own business, and tidying up as I went along! StrangeCargo1974 16:57, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

why not just give an od on morphine? lol
that seems logical lol

Use of word "patient"
In all the other articles on capital punishment, the word used is "condemned" (or, for a few, "victim" - although that is POV). It doesn't seem right to use "patient" to describe those undergoing lethal injection -- this is an execution first, and a "medical" procedure second (if at all). --Shadowlink1014 05:27, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

"Condemned" better than "criminal offender"
I reverted the edit changing all instances of "condemned" to "criminal offender". First of all, "criminal offender" is wordy, especially when you're repeating it many times. Second of all, it's not as accurate a term. A "condemned" person is just that -- they have been condemned to be executed. Thus in all instances, this term is correct. "Criminal offender" is only correct when the condemned has committed a crime... he or she may be a victim of miscarriage of justice (and indeed there are many instances of wrongful execution) - thus this term is not always applicable. It's also not neccessary for someone who is executed to be even an alleged criminal... for example, the Holocaust. Finally, "criminal offender" takes the focus away from what this article is about: execution... as far as the procedure of lethal injection goes, criminality is not as directly related as the simple idea of someone being condemned to execution. --Shadowlink1014 02:41, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

- I don't quite agree. It should be clearly stressed, that these people committed heinous crimes and do not deserve any compassion. As for the "miscarriages of justice" and "wrongful executions" - this might be a problem in some third world jurisdictions but most certainly not here in the US. Capital cases are handled by our courts with the greatest scrutiny, there are appeals, appeals, appeals, most cases being reviewed by 20 or more judges during the process, so what I'm saying is: the moment they are actutally strapped to that gurney, one can be sure that they are guilty and deserve what's about to happen to them.


 * I'm sorry, but to imply that the US legal system never makes a mistake is beyond absurd. There have certainly been cases of wrongful executions. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_penalty#Wrongful_executions 75.69.39.95 (talk) 04:21, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

problem with map
in fact, the state of New York had enacted death penalty legislation (sometime in the 1990's as a consequence of the election of George Pataki as governor), the method of execution of the sentence of death was by lethal injection, and a small number of defendants were sentenced to death under such statutes. but not one single person was put to death under such statutes and the Supreme Court of the State of New York eventually struck down the law, commuting such death sentences to life, and there is no death penalty law in force in NY at present. the problem is that the only state that is green meaning "Once used lethal injection" is NY, but the state of New York has never, not once ever used lethal injection to put anyone to death.

also, the state of New Hampshire may have a death penalty on the books, but there is not one single person sentenced to death in that state and the state has not even constructed a lethal injection death facility.

i think the map needs to be redone with better, more accurate captions. i could edit the caption (regarding NY), but NH (and perhaps some other state that may presently have a death penalty statute on the books, but has never put it to use, i am not aware of any other than NH and NJ, the latter has persons on death row, but has not executed any with lethal injection) should be shaded differently. i do not have the tools to do graphical editing to such an image. r b-j 03:00, 27 April 2007 (UTC)


 * Feel free to improve it... please remember, though, that Gas chamber, Electric chair, and Execution by firing squad have similar maps with the same color scheme -- we should try to keep them consistent. --Shadowlink1014 18:41, 27 April 2007 (UTC)


 * I've updated the map. In the time since your comment, NH has sentenced one person to death, but their last execution was in 1939 so it'll be interesting to see what happens. Right now, a commission created by the legislature is studying the cost. NY's death penalty was struck down by the Court of Appeals, People v. LaValle (2004). Gov. Pataki's 1995 law, like you say, has not led to a single execution. --Jatkins (talk - contribs) 21:50, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

The map should also be updated because New Jersey just abolished capital punishment. Emperor001 (talk) 14:52, 19 December 2007 (UTC)


 * The great state of New Mexico has also abolished the death penalty. The map needs to be fixed, as it currently indicates that all states have some form of death penalty. I'd do it but I don't know how.76.113.104.88 (talk) 07:46, 19 April 2010 (UTC)

Louisiana
In the "Procedures in US Executions" section, the drugs have to be administered into the infusion pump, yet Louisiana does not have a lethal injecion machine. See So Long as They Die about this. Plus, according to the "Goofs" section of Dead Man Walking on IMDb.com, "The chemicals used in lethal injections in Louisiana are administered manually, not by a machine as in the movie." Could someone please clarify about this in the Lethal Injection article? --Angeldeb82 19:27, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

US centric article; wheres China?
Why is it most of the article deals with the US Viewpoints? Wheres China and their "Death buses?"--293.xx.xxx.xx 08:30, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

Re: nitrogen asphyxiation method
In the sections where you talk about the controversy, please add discussion of the nitrogen asphyxiation method. Although mentioned earlier, it should be mentioned again each time it becomes relevant, as is the case with other proposed alternatives (such as a single large dose of barbiturates).

More Problems with Map
Another problem with the map is that it lists Maryland as a state that has never used lethal injection. Maryland has used this method twice since 2003. --Unirover 22:15, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

Wording of Proponents
The wording here is sometimes sloppy. Example: "Supporters of the death penalty state that the claim that the pancuronium prevents the thiopental from working." Is it not possible that even people who oppose the death penalty may also believe this interaction does not happen, and also possible that there are supporters of the death penalty who do not believe this, feel lethal injection is cruel, and want people beheaded. You see my point. Whether or not someone supports the death penalty is not a control factor in their beliefs on drug interaction or the cruelty of lethal injection. 88.153.192.84 19:39, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

Drug Dosage Wrong
This article says that a common dosage of sodium thiopental is 15 grams. No state uses that much. The norm is somewhere between 2 and 5 grams. This is a significant error. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.160.59.199 (talk) 20:14, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

Alcohol Swab
Does anyone else find it peculiar to disinfect the injectees arm before a LETHAL injection? Teck2002
 * I believe the word you're looking for is irony. Calgary (talk) 04:39, 21 December 2007 (UTC)

Executions are sometimes stopped with the needle in the arm. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.49.243.65 (talk) 04:57, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

I don't get this.....
If they're so worried about screwing everything up, why don't they just use a machine to deliver the injections? It worked in the past and to my knowledge, nothing ever went wrong because of the machine. The deaths were quick and painless. So I don't get it why they choose to do it manually when a machine can do it the correct way. Yellowstone County Girl 17:47, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

Re: I don't get this....: The problem is securing and maintaining IV lines. That requires medical judgment and discretion that can't be accomplished by machine. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.128.40.220 (talk) 14:30, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

But would it kill them THAT much to hire an IV technician to do it. All you have to do is attach the lines to the syringes and that's it. Yellowstone County Girl 15:25, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

use of color in national map
I think the colors in the map violate WP's use of colors rules --Lemmey (talk) 16:20, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
 * What do you mean? CopaceticThought (talk) 08:36, 19 April 2008 (UTC)
 * The colors green, red, and black do more than just convey the infomration of which states use which methods. Specifically these colors can invoke intrinsic emotions that can influence readers. (Green good, red black bad) Typically maps on wikipedia use more neutral colors as described here. Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Maps This image could easily be changed to match the 4-color map guidelines. --Lemmey (talk) 09:35, 19 April 2008 (UTC)
 * It an error moreover, Maryland and Delaware are marked commen' having never used the lethal injection what is needs. I do not also agree with the fact of considered Nebraska as having no capital punishment. The national map on the lethal injection is contradictory to map on Death penalty statutes in the United States concerning Nebraska, and also the State of New York. John Doe 1346 (talk) 20:17, 12 October 2008 (UTC)

Got in touch with Mr. Leuchner
And he cleared up what states use the machine that he sold. Arjoccolenty (talk) 00:46, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

Why not give them an opiate OD instead of all these exotic drugs? Wouldn't it be cheaper too?
All over the world, people are being put under full anesthesia every day with opiates such as fentanyl, how hard can it be? The only reason that people survive anesthesia is because there is a respirator doing the breathing for them. Without a respirator, any sufficient dose will stop breathing and kill them. Opiates such as fentanyl can bring down an elephant but really any opiate would do, simple, cheap and effective. Tolerance would not matter since this only takes a bigger dose. Diamorphine(Heroin) would be great too. Pros: (1) It takes a much smaller dose than any of the other drugs. The average lethal dose of diamorphine is around 20 mg. The therapeutic window of opiates is much smaller than barbiturates, the lethal dose is much closer. (2) The effect is much more clean and predictable than barbiturates because it works by a single mechanism: respiratory depression. The dose can be calculated easily. (3) The effect is almost instant, in the range of seconds. The condemned will be out cold in 10 seconds, not breathing. Death will come within minutes after breathing is stopped. Noone is immune. (4) There will be no pain or suffering, the condemned will not have time to get 'high' either. No inflammation of veins. (5) The whole procedure is over in 10 minutes or less. (6) If a vein is missed, it will only take a little longer than the 10 seconds, perhaps a minute or two. (7) The price of such a dose would be much cheaper too. So why is it that opiates are not used? It can only be because the public don't want to the condemned to die from what they think is a pleasant opiate overdose. But do these 10 seconds really matter that much? M99 87.59.79.178 (talk)

Ohio's major change in lethal injection
I have the news that, on November 13, Ohio announced that it was adopting a single-drug protocol for lethal injection, making it the first state to embrace this change. And this is from the Associated Press for the Death Penalty Information Center. Here's the link from DPIC. --Angeldeb82 (talk) 04:14, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

I found research showing that it was Florida that switched to this protocol first, then Ohio switched to it. I am just going to make this statement in the article. OliviaSimmons13 (talk) 00:31, 4 December 2013 (UTC)

Ernst Thälmann
Regarding http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Thälmann was not executed by lethal injection. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.117.232.187 (talk) 15:38, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

Introduction
The introduction is incorrect in that it states that all american executions since 2005 have used Lethal injection. Ronnie Lee Gardner was executed in Utah June 18, 2010. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.199.175.168 (talk) 03:05, 19 January 2011 (UTC)

New Jersey
In the text it states that lethal injection was used in New Jersey, but is no longer used due to the abolition of the death penalty. This makes the map of the US incorrect as NJ once used it but no longer does. Is there another map, or should we delete it entirely? We could add a clarifying comment - NJ banned the death penalty in 2007, which is also the year the map is dated as. Any ideas? I'm not good at editing, so someone else should change the caption if that is the route decided upon. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jessie1608 (talk • contribs) 09:40, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

Worldwide view of subject tag
I removed the tag that said that this does not represent a worldwide view of the subject, as mentions in other countries are mentioned. The vast majority of usages are in the US and China, and due to Chinese government secrecy, it is difficult to know too much about how it goes there. I will nonetheless try to expand it.

Inconsistency/error?
The section on pancuronium dosage states the typical dose is 100mg, but later states 0.2mg/kg. I don't have any information on the actual dosage, but these are clearly inconsistent. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.132.41.228 (talk) 07:05, 9 July 2011 (UTC)

Sodium thiopental
The Article currently says: "... likely to induce unconsciousness in 10 seconds. Thiopental reaches the brain within seconds of the total dose in about 30 seconds." This is highly confusing --BjKa (talk) 08:48, 14 September 2011 (UTC)

I guess it's 10 seconds after taking the dose, i.e. 30+10. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.194.110.244 (talk) 03:54, 4 May 2012 (UTC)

Controversy over it being too tepid a method of execution
Not that there are necessarily any sources on the matter, but I would think that there would be some arguments in favor of more dramatic methods of execution in the controversy section. I would think that there would be an abundance of sources insisting that lethal injection has little deterrent power because it is undertaken in an isolated room and not televised, as opposed to executions of old, which were held in public. Beyond the issue of whether a method of execution is painful or painless, I think there should be some discussion of the issue of how dramatic an execution is, and the pros and cons on that issue. All that being said, I have yet to discover any relevant sources. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Howard Galt (talk • contribs) 21:01, 29 February 2012 (UTC)

Lead needs work by an expert
I just added an "inadequate lead" tag because the lead section does not match the article body. Examples:
 * The lead has summary about other countries that use lethal injection (Guatemala, the Philippines, etc.) but the body discusses only China. The other countries should be added to the article.
 * The lead has some historic information (Nazi Germany) but no historic information appears in the article itself.
 * The body of the article devotes considerable space to controversy about L.I. but that is completely ignored in the lead.
 * and so on.

Somebody who is more expert than I should:
 * integrate info from the lead into the article
 * rewrite the lead so it reflects the article.

Molly-in-md (talk) 20:09, 29 November 2012 (UTC)

California and Constitutionality
I have put in the article that California has nearly 700 prisoners condemned to death with the use of lethal injection despite a five-year moratorium and have also opened a facility costing over $800,000 used for performing the executions. I think its necessary to have this in the article because the article says the practice of lethal injection has been ruled unconstitutional in California in 2006, but yet they have a facility just for the executions. OliviaSimmons13 (talk) 19:07, 18 October 2013 (UTC)

Saudi Arabia and its current use
In the wikipedia article it does not mention that Saudi Arabai is currently thinking about dropping its beheading method to lethal injection. I think it is important for the Wikipedia article to have this information because Saudi Arabia is the only country in the world where a death sentence results in beheadings in a public square. Also I think it is important becaue it is new current information, and it shows that Saudi Arabia believes that they should be more humane when it comes to executions. OliviaSimmons13 (talk) 19:15, 25 October 2013 (UTC)

This is something absolutely irrelevant to the article and should be removed. Otherwise it would be reasonable to list all of the other countries where lethal injection is NOT used.83.136.242.126 (talk) 16:20, 7 May 2014 (UTC)

One-drug Method
In the Wikipedia article it hardly talks about the One-drug method. I am going to add on to a part in the article where it talks about it, and go more in depth about what it is, and which state was the first to use it. OliviaSimmons13 (talk) 18:57, 27 November 2013 (UTC) I am changing the picture — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lethalinjection4 (talk • contribs) 16:40, 25 March 2014 (UTC)

Procedure
[rm content lifted from http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/reports_research/lethal_injection.html, or some other such site. Drmies (talk)]

I am adding a new procedure section to show what happens once convicted. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lethalinjection4 (talk • contribs) 17:09, 25 March 2014 (UTC)


 * First, upon conviction, appeals are automatically initiated. Execution is most certainly not immediately scheduled. Second, procedures vary from state to state and at the federal level, so your claimed procedure may be accurate for one location only, if that. You also didn't include a section, which made the section confusing. Finally, you offered not a single citation for the added information. I reverted it for those reasons.Wzrd1 (talk) 19:15, 25 March 2014 (UTC)

deathpenaltyinfo.org

State By State Laws
 [Unformatted list of state by state use of lethal injection in the US] Alabama Effective 7/1/02, lethal injection will be administered unless the inmate requests electrocution. Arizona Authorizes lethal injection for persons sentenced after 11/15/92; those sentenced before that date may select lethal injection or lethal gas. Arkansas Authorizes lethal injection for persons whose offense occurred on or after 7/4/83; those who committed their offense before that date may select lethal injection or electrocution. California Provides that lethal injection be administered unless the inmate requests lethal gas. Colorado Lethal injection is the sole method. Connecticut Lethal injection is the sole method. Connecticut abolished the death penalty in 2012. However, the act wasn't retroactive, leaving 11 people on the state's death row. Delaware Lethal Injection is the sole method. Hanging was an alternative for those whose offense occurred prior to 6/13/86, but as of July 2003 no inmates on death row were elligible to choose this alternative and Delaware dismantled its gallows. Florida Allows prisoners to choose between lethal injection and electrocution Georgia Lethal injection is the sole method. (On October 5, 2001, the Georgia Supreme Court held that the electric chair was cruel and unusual punishment and struck down the state's use of the method) Idaho Lethal injection is the sole method as of July 1, 2009. Indiana Lethal injection is the sole method. Kansas Lethal injection is the sole method. Kentucky Authorizes lethal injection for those convicted after March 31, 1998; those who committed the offense before that date may select lethal injection or electrocution Louisiana Lethal injection is the sole method. Maryland Authorizes lethal injection for those who were sentenced for a capital offense on or after 3/25/94; those who were sentenced before that date could select lethal injection or lethal gas. Maryland abolished the death penalty in 2013. However, the act was not retroactive, leaving 5 people on the state's death row. Mississippi Lethal injection is the sole method. Missouri Authorizes lethal injection or lethal gas; the statute leaves unclear who decides what method to use, the inmate or the Director of the Missouri Department of Corrections. Montana Lethal injection is the sole method. Nebraska Electrocution was the sole method until the Nebraska Supreme Court ruled the method unconstitutional in February 2008. In May 2009, the Nebraska Legislature approved lethal injection. Nevada Lethal injection is the sole method. New Hampshire Authorizes hanging only if lethal injection cannot be given. New Mexico Lethal injection is the sole method. New Mexico abolished the death penalty in 2009. However, the act wasn't retroactive, leaving two people on the state's death row. North Carolina Lethal injection is the sole method. Ohio Lethal injection is the sole method. In November 2009, they adoped a one-drug protocol, using only sodium pentathol. Oklahoma Authorizes electrocution if lethal injection is ever held to be unconstitutional and firing squad if both lethal injection and electrocution are held unconstitutional. Oregon Lethal injection is the sole method. Pennsylvania Lethal injection is the sole method. South Carolina Allows prisoners to choose between lethal injection and electrocution South Dakota Lethal injection is the sole method. Tennessee Authorizes lethal injection for those whose capital offense occurred after December 31, 1998; those who committed the offense before that date may select electrocution by written waiver. Texas Lethal injection is the sole method. Utah Authorizes firing squad if lethal injection is held unconstitutional. Inmates who selected execution by firing squad prior to May 3, 2004, may still be entitled to execution by that method. Virginia Allows prisoners to choose between lethal injection and electrocution Washington Provides that lethal injection be administered unless the inmate requests hanging. In March 2010, the state announced an option for inmates to choose a 1-drug protocol. Wyoming Authorizes lethal gas if lethal injection is ever held to be unconstitutional. U.S. Military Lethal injection is the sole method U.S. Government The method of execution of Federal prisoners for offenses under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is that of the state in which the conviction took place, pursuant to 18 USC 3596. If the state has no death penalty, the judge must choose a state with the death penalty for carrying out the execution. For offenses under the 1988 Drug Kingpin Law, the method of executions is lethal injection, pursuant to 28 CFR, Part 26. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lethalinjection4 (talk • contribs) 16:25, 29 April 2014 (UTC)


 * I have reverted the addition of the above text to the article page, and collapsed it here to make this page a little easier on the eyes.


 * I think the above text is too detailed for the general article on Lethal Injection. Maybe it could go on the Capital punishment in the US page, or maybe there is enough to spin off a Lethal injection in the US page. - EronTalk 16:40, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

Swabbing with alcohol
Regarding the section talking about swabbing the arm of the condemned with alcohol; even if not used for sterility, the alcohol swab does make it easier to subsequently find a vein.--68.61.5.58 (talk) 01:19, 30 April 2014 (UTC)

I added in the history how many executions by injection have been taken place since 1976. The whole article is over lethal injection so this is a very interesting fact that I'm sure lots of people dont know. Recieved this information from canada.com — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lethalinjection4 (talk • contribs) 09:40, 8 May 2014 (UTC)

Support
Under support I updated it with new information on what percentage of Americans support lethal injection. Also included our presidents reasonings with lethal injection. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lethalinjection4 (talk • contribs) 09:46, 8 May 2014 (UTC)


 * I have removed that content - the figures quoted were support for the death penalty, not specifically lethal injection. Also, while most executions by lethal injection are done in the United States, this article is on lethal injection overall, not just in the USA. - EronTalk 17:12, 8 May 2014 (UTC)

The hazard
I think that a hazard is a subjective perspective, therefore the sentence "Thus, it would be a hazard to prison personnel to use unsterilized equipment." makes me question for whom that hazard would be. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 187.207.32.59 (talk) 01:45, 15 August 2015 (UTC)

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countries that stopped executions in means of injection.
Hello I would like to edit the history section and add on that after Guatemala had a botched, televised execution in 2000, and that Guatemala hasn’t had an execution since then, including lethal injection. I feel like this may have been left out because it leans towards the side that is against lethal injection, because the televised event in 2000 was maybe horrible to see for some viewers. It could also lean towards that way because of a failed execution can be deemed deemed painful. since the Wiki page said that the Philippians have abolished lethal injection, I figured why not include Guatemala. ChiIsKool (talk) 01:16, 6 October 2015 (UTC)

There was the same problem with Thailand, it has that Thailand had adopted the method of lethal injection, but it doesn’t say that Thailand has stopped using that process in 2009 with at least 112 people on death row. I feel this should be added on for the same reasons that Guatemala should show that they have stopped using lethal injections, not to be bias against lethal injection but I feel like why have some facts, not all? ChiIsKool (talk) 00:51, 13 October 2015 (UTC)

It says that the Philippines since then abolished lethal injections, but it doesn't say that the last executions where in 1999 and then abolished 7 years later in 2006.ChiIsKool (talk) 01:23, 20 October 2015 (UTC)

Vietnam's first execution was carried out in 2013, I would like to change how the article says that Vietnam reportedly uses the method, because now they are considering going back to firing squad or even amend laws to domestic poisons to be used because of the ban on the drug propofol.ChiIsKool (talk) 01:55, 3 November 2015 (UTC)

history section
It says that lethal injection was brought up but not used, then revisited half a century later. but i doesn't say why it was revisited. because of botched executions- first of Jesse Tafero in 1990, then Pedro Medina in 1997, and finally Allen Lee Davis in 1999, lethal injection was revisited and deemed more humane. Need to re-find source. ChiIsKool (talk) 02:19, 10 November 2015 (UTC)

EU's ban on pentobarbital after thiopental, and the treat of losing propofol in the U.S,mainly hospitals ChiIsKool (talk) 01:28, 1 December 2015 (UTC)

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New Editor to the Page
I am a student, I am going to be working on this article from now on. If anyone has any helpful hints or would like to give me any suggestions for this page, please contact me through Wikipedia. I have some ideas to include more on the topic of Lethal Injection in more countries than the ones stated in the article, maybe expand a bit more on capital punishment in china. I am very excited to be here and helping with the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kay2916 (talk • contribs) 01:11, 18 October 2016 (UTC)

Edits for section on lethal injection in china
The section on lethal injection in China is very minimal, as it is only two sentences long. I believe there should be more on the topic of lethal inection in China as the death penalty is no longer a state secret and that is outdated information. Lethal injection in China was legalized in 1996 and since then the number of van shootings for capital punishment have largely decreased. Lethal injection in China was legalized in 1996 because it is a cheaper means of capital punishment. The cost of a single dose of lethal injection in China is cheaper at 300 yuan than the 700 yuan it costs for the firing squad for the van shootings. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kay2916 (talk • contribs) 01:18, 18 October 2016 (UTC)

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Nazi's did this first??
I seem to recall reading Nazi physician Doctor Karl Brandt using a similar method involving barbiturates and phenol as part of the Aktion T4 campaign way before Chapman was even born - I'm still looking for a reliable source, however - Any history buffs wish to help?? 69.125.160.200 (talk) 20:05, 1 August 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 2 external links on Lethal injection. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071111190108/http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.0040156 to http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.0040156
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External links modified (January 2018)
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I have just modified 2 external links on Lethal injection. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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New Editor
Hello fellow Wikipedians, I'll be a new editor contributing to this article over the next few months. I chose this article as I personally find the topic interesting and that this specific topic will benefit from added information. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Brit321 (talk • contribs) 01:07, 19 September 2018 (UTC)

New Drugs being added to protocol.
I'd like to add a subsection to the drug section talking about a new drug that is now being used in lethal injection cocktails. A combination of Fentanyl, Valium, and Cisatracurium has now been used for an execution in Nebraska and is scheduled to be used in Nevada in the execution of inmate Scott Dozier. I feel this information is important to add to the lethal injection article specifically under the drug section because these drugs are currently being used in the United States for lethal injection.

Green vs Blue?
What is the difference between green and blue? Don't they both mean that a state no longer uses lethal injection, but once did?

Also: NH should not be orange, they abolished the death penalty. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.118.241.67 (talk) 22:04, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Green: The state actually used lethal injection, but no longer does. Dark blue: The state allowed, but then changed to disallow use of lethal injection. In the period where it was allowed, it was never actually used. SlowJog (talk) 21:50, 21 September 2020 (UTC)

NPR Story, September 2020
There's a story on NPR's "All Things Considered" that, as currently practiced, death during execution by lethal injection might not be as peaceful as we think. https://www.npr.org/2020/09/21/915381462/autopsies-show-inmates-lungs-filling-with-fluid-as-theyre-executed. (At the time I write this, the podcast has not yet been made available.) SlowJog (talk) 20:57, 21 September 2020 (UTC)

Ueeeeeeeeeeeeeee es que no me hace caso
Ueeeeeeeeeeeeeee es que cheeeeeeee co 176.83.26.31 (talk) 15:04, 15 April 2022 (UTC)