Talk:List of sounding rockets

Jupiter A and Jupiter C were not sounding rockets
The US Army's Redstone Arsenal makes it very clear that both the Jupiter A and Jupiter C were research and development vehicles. They were modified Redstone missiles used in the development of the Jupiter missile (thus the "Jupiter" names).

The Redstone Arsenal Historic Information page covering the Jupiter missile at http://history.redstone.army.mil/space-jupiter.html states: "The actual flight testing in support of JUPITER development was divided into three phases. Two of these used the REDSTONE as the flight test vehicle to prove out JUPITER components. Designated as JUPITER A’s, 25 missiles were fired between September 1955 and June 1958. Objectives of these tests were to obtain design criteria, apply the angle-of-attack meter to the IRBM, evolve separation procedures, prove guidance system accuracy, and design and prove propulsion system thrust control. To solve the re-entry problem, three missiles designated as JUPITER C’s were flown. As to the tally, 20 of the 25 JUPITER A’s were rated as mission achieved, two registered partial successes, and three were considered to be unsuccessful. All three of the JUPITER C’s performed well. On the second firing, an attempt was made to recover the nose cone, and this failed. However, on the third and last re-entry test, the nose cone was recovered. Success was such that it was no longer necessary to continue this phase of the program, as one of the tests had ably proven the theory of long-range missile flight and the other had demonstrated that the re-entry body could be brought from space into the sensible atmosphere without disintegrating."

The Jupiter A and Jupiter C were not sounding rockets used for scientific reasearch. They were dedicated research and development vehicles devised and launched to aid in the development of the Jupiter IRBM.

Mark Lincoln Mark Lincoln (talk) 22:08, 5 August 2015 (UTC)

What is a Sounding Rocket?
NASA has a web page thasks - and answers - the question "what is a sounding rocket?"

The NASA web page at http://www.nasa.gov/missions/research/f_sounding.html states: "Sounding rockets take their name from the nautical term "to sound," which means to take measurements. Since 1959, NASA-sponsored space and earth science research has used sounding rockets to test instruments used on satellites and spacecraft and to provide information about the Sun, stars, galaxies and Earth's atmosphere and radiation."

Further information is on the "NASA Sounding Rocket Science" page at http://rscience.gsfc.nasa.gov/srrov.html which says "Sounding rockets carry scientific instruments into space along parabolic trajectories, providing nearly vertical traversals along their upleg and downleg, while appearing to "hover" near their apogee location." (emphasis mine)

Mark LincolnMark Lincoln (talk) 22:25, 5 August 2015 (UTC)

Little Joe was not a sounding rocket.
The Little Joe, Little Joe 4C, Little Joe 2P, and Little Joe 4P were test vehicles used to test the escape system and heat shield of the Mercury spacecraft (called the "capsule" at the time). Source: "This New Ocean, A History of Project Mercury, NASA SP-4201, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1966, pages 124-125. Also see: http://www.boeing.com/history/products/little-joe-launch-vehicle.page for a quick check.

Details on each variant are at:

Little Joe http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/litlejoe.htm

Little Joe 4C http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/litoe14c.htm

Little Joe 2P http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/litoe12c.htm

Little Joe 4P http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/litoe14p.htm

Little Joe II served to test the Apollo escape system.

Little Joe II variants were:

Little Joe II http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/litjoeii.htm

Little Joe II 0-3-3 ttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/litii033.htm

Little Joe II 4-2-0 http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/litii420.htm

Little Joe II 5-2-2 http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/litii522.htm

Little Joe II 6-1-0 http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/litii610.htm

Mark Lincoln (talk) 9:29, 11 August 2015 (UTC)

V-2 and Bumper
The United States use V-2s as sounding rockets at the White Sands Missile Range after WW II. See: "Notes Regarding History of V-2 Operations at White Sands" http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/german/v-2_whitesands.html and http://www.postwarv2.com/usa/ws/ws.html which gives details of experiments.

Bumper was primarily a R & D vehicle to develop staging. The White Sands Missile Range Fact Sheet on the Bumper Project http://web.archive.org/web/20080110163113/http://www.wsmr.army.mil/pao/FactSheets/bump.htm states that the Bumpers 5 & 6 included sounding experiments: "The nose cone was instrumented to measure temperatures at extreme altitudes." (Bumper 5). "The nose cone was instrumented to record data on cosmic radiation at altitudes greater than could be reached by other missiles." (Bumper 6) thus it barely meets the definition of a sounding rocket.

Mark Lincoln (talk) 18:16, 6 August 2015 (UTC)

Strypi not a sounding rocket
The Strypi family are re-entry test boosters and anti-missile targets. See http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/strypi.htm Mark Lincoln (talk) 20:51, 6 August 2015 (UTC)

Maxus & Sweden Deleted
I have again removed Maxus. Further research revealed that Maxus used Castor 4B rockets except for an Improved Orion shot in February 2001.

Mark Lincoln (talk) 18:34, 10 August 2015 (UTC)

Poggensee Instrumented Rocket
The Poggensee Instrumented Rocket " was was instrumented with a barometer, a camera, and a velocity measurement device." The barometer places this obscure rocket in the "sounding rocket" category. The velocity measurement device qualifies it as a "test vehicle."

Mark Lincoln (talk) 21:30, 7 August 2015 (UTC)

Cora not a sounding rocket
"European orbital launch vehicle. Cora was an experimental rocket to test the second and third stages of the Europa launch vehicle." It was not a sounding rocket. See http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/cora.htm

Daniel was not a sounding rocket
Daniel was a test vehicle. See http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/daniel.htm and http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/jericho.htm

Emeraude not a sounding rocket
Emeraudewas a satellite launch vehicle. See http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/emeve121.htm

Aigle not a sounding rocket
The Aigle VE10 and Aigle VE10A were test vehicles used to test equipment for the MSBS/SSBS solid propellant missiles of the French nuclear deterrent. See: http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/aigeve10.htm and http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/aigve10a.htm

Mark Lincoln (talk) 15:12, 8 August 2015 (UTC)

Agate not a sounding rocket
Agate was a test vehicle leading to the Diamant satellite launcher. See http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/agate.htm Mark Lincoln (talk) 18:15, 8 August 2015 (UTC)

Rubis was a test vehicle - but
Rubis was a test vehicle ". . . designed to test the upper stage and payload elements of the Diamant orbital launcher." It also carried ". . . scientific instruments for the Paris Observatory and Max Planck Institute." Thus barely qualifies as a sounding rocket. See http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/rubis.htm Mark Lincoln (talk) 18:26, 8 August 2015 (UTC)

Tibere, Topaze and Saphir were test vehicles
Tibere & Topaze were test vehicles.

Tibere was a re-entry test vehicle. See http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/tibere.htm

The Topaze missiles were test vehicles for guided missile technology. See http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/topve111.htm http://www.astronautix.com/stages/tope1111.htm and http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/tope111l.htm

Saphir was a test vehicle for developing ballistic missile technology. It was the last step in developing the Diamant satellite launcher. See http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/saphir.htm

Mark Lincoln (talk) 18:46, 8 August 2015 (UTC)

Alfa was not a sounding rocket
Alfa was a weapon development program.

"Italy briefly flirted with the creation of an independent nuclear deterrent in the late 1960's. The Alfa project for an indigenous Italian submarine- and ship-launched ballistic missile was begun in 1971. Three Alfa test missiles with inert second stages were successfully launched in 1975-1976 from Salto di Quirra in Sardinia. The programme was abandoned at this stage, when Italy and its neighbours ratified the nuclear proliferation treaty."

See http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/alfa.htm

Mark Lincoln (talk) 19:36, 8 August 2015 (UTC)

Black Knight, Jaguar, Leopard & Rook were test vehicles
The documentation of these rockets is provided below:

Black Knight. "The Black Knight was a British test vehicle designed to test re-entry vehicles for the Blue Streak MRBM." See http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/blanight.htm

Jaguar. "The Jaguar was designed by the RAE Supersonics Department as part of the HRV (Hypersonic Research Vehicle) program. This was a joint project with the Australian Weapons Research Establishment for testing of re-entry vehicles at high speeds." See http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/jaguar.htm#more

Leopard. "British test vehicle. Two stage aerodynamic test vehicle consisting of 1 x Rook + 1 x Gosling. Developed from the basic Rook vehicle for tests requiring higher velocities." See http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/leopard.htm

Rook. "Single stage vehicle consisting of a Rook solid rocket motor. Used initially for supersonic tests of aircraft models." See //www.astronautix.com/fam/rook.htm#more

Mark Lincoln (talk) 20:57, 8 August 2015 (UTC)

TE-Tomahawk is the name of the upper stage of Tomahawk Sandia
I changed the name of the entry to use the name of the sounding rocket. TE-416 Tomahawk is the name of the upper stage of theTomahawk Sandia.

See http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/tomandia.htm

Mark Lincoln (talk) 23:08, 8 August 2015 (UTC)

Removed "more detailed info" from Argentina section
"More detailed information" removed from Argentina section because it is a broken link (404). If anyone wants to put it back here it is: *More detail info

Mark Lincoln (talk) 22:51, 9 August 2015 (UTC)

Iranian Sounding Rocket
Iran seems to be using a variant of the Shahab-3 or the Safir-2 as a sounding rocket in a program of launches with Kavoshgar designations. The Encyclopedia Astronautica describes Kavoshgar as an "alternate designation for Safir-2 orbital launch vehicle." http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/safir2.htm The other vehicle reported as a possible Kavoshgar launcher is the Shahab-3. http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/shahab3.htm

Perhaps the most informative source is at http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets/Diverse/Kavoshgar-8/index.htm which reports that Dr. Hamid Fazeli, head of Iran's Space Organization, in an interview with IRNA said the planned Kavoshgar rocket  is similar to the Safir rocket (9 July 2011). It also reports that at least one Kavoshgar flight on 14 December used a Shahab-1 which is the Iranian version of the North Korean Hwasong 5 (a copy of the Russian R-17 aka Scud-B.

Johnathan McDowell at "Johnathan's Space Page reported the following about the first three launches

Launch_Tag    Launch_JD  Launch_Date          LV_Type                  VariantFlight_ID            Flight                   Mission                  Platform  Launch_SiLaunch_Pad 2006-A11      2454039.50 2006 Nov             Kavoshgar M5             -      Kavoshgar-1          Kavoshgar Class A        -                        -         SHAHR? -                    10      -  -            IRSA         SS   IRSA/                    Test                     Wire                 -                    - 2008-S67      2454796.50 2008 Nov 26          Nazeat 6H                ? Kavoshgar-2         Kavoshgar Class B        -                        -         SHAHR? -                    40      -  -            IRSA         SS   IRSA/                    Test                     Wire                 -                    - 2010-S14      2455230.50 2010 Feb  3          Nazeat 6H                ? Kavoshgar-3         Kavoshgar Class B        -                        -         SHAHR? -                    55      -  -            IRSA         SS   IRSA/                    Bio                      Wire                 -                    -

The documentation available is pretty ephemeral so I intend to supply many citations.

Mark Lincoln (talk) 00:36, 13 August 2015 (UTC)

More information available at Gunther's Space Page http://space.skyrocket.de/directories/launcher_iran.htm

Mark Lincoln (talk) 19:52, 15 August 2015 (UTC)

North Korea - Should it be included
The Encyclopedia Astronautica, a usually reliable source, reports that North Korea flew a single sounding rocket mission from Chiha-ri on 1 July 1991. See: http://www.astronautix.com/sites/chihari.htm

The EA entry for Chiha-ri as a "Sounding rocket launch location known to have been used for 1 launch in 1991, reaching up to 200 kilometers altitude.

The rocket used is reported to have been a Hwasong 6. See: http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/hwasong6.htm

The event is listed in the Whasong 6 Chronology as only the third flight of the missile. It is also listed as a "Test mission." The chronology shows all of the first 7 flights of the Hwasong 6 as test missions. The first flight and the las three "test" flights were from Gitdaeryung which is listed as an "intermediate missile base." See: http://www.astronautix.com/sites/gitryung.htm

The second flight is reported to have been launched from Qom, Iran. This was the only launch reported from Qom. See: http://www.astronautix.com/sites/qom.htm

The fourth and fifth Whasong 6 flights are listed as having been launched from Hama-Allepo, Syria. See: http://www.astronautix.com/sites/hamllepo.htm

The "test" program of the Whasong 6 seems more like a sales campaign but the EA lists the second (Qom) and both Hama-Allepo flights as "test missions." As the Whasong 6 was derived from the Russian R-17 (Scud-C)itappears that the real "test program" might have been just the first flight from Gitdaeryung. As the second, fourth and fifth Whasong 6 launches were made in Iran and Syria, there seems a strong possibility that the second flight from Chiha-ri was a sounding rocket.

Was the Whasong 6 launch from Chiha-ri actually a sounding rocket? Or was it a "test mission"? Perhaps it was a demonstration for the Scud missile brigade which has it's main technical support base at Chiha-ri.?If so why does it appear that no other rockets were demonstrated to the Scud brigade at Chiha-ri?

For now I think we should go with the Encyclopedia Astronautica and list North Korea as having conducted a sounding rocket flight.

Any input would be appreciated.

Mark Lincoln (talk) 22:46, 13 August 2015 (UTC)

S-43 removed from the Brazil section
I removed the S-43 from the Brazil section. The S-43 is a rocket engine used in the SLV-1 Satellite launch vehicle. See: http://www.astronautix.com/engines/s43.htm and http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/vls.htm

If some one has a reason to restore it, here it is.
 * VS-43 – under development

Mark Lincoln (talk) 18:57, 15 August 2015 (UTC)

Italian rocket removed
I removed the Multi-Stage Geophysical Rocket which never flew as a sounding rocket. Only two development flights were made.

Mark Lincoln (talk) 20:27, 15 August 2015 (UTC)

Nike Purge. The reason why
Nike Recruit, (Test vehicle)

Nike Recruit Nike, (Test vehicle)

Nike T40 T55 (Test vehicle)

Nike Nike HPAG, (Test vehicle)

Nike Nike HPAG-3 (rocket engine)

Aerobee Agony
Trying to trace the development of the Aerobee familie(s) of rockets is daunting. Some vehicles had many names. Some were flown under the Aerojet designation as well as the military designations. As the Aerojet designation is usually the rocket engine designation effort has to be made to find launches that were made under the Aerojet name and when the name was only applied to the engine. I think I have the original Aerobees traced and presented well.

Next it is on to the Aerobee Hi variants and later Aerobee types. Anyone having source material, your help would be appreciated.

Mark Lincoln (talk) 17:49, 19 August 2015 (UTC)

Rocket Massacre. A purge of mostly test vehicles
When looking for sounding rockets I trusted sources who classified them as "Sounding Rockets."

When checking into launch records I found that many were Test Vehicles. Others flew only one test flight. Some were targets in ABM tests. Others never flew.

In the case of Lebanon, a fascinating find, there is no evidence that there was any scientific experiments flown.

Below is my scratch pad noting why each rocket was purged from the Sounding Rocket list. Below that is the removed data in case anyone has evidence they were sounding rockets flown on scientific missions.

Scratch pad:

ALV - test vehicle

Rocket Lab Atea-1 Test Vehicle

Arcon (TV)

Argo but Argo A-1 was a sounding rocket

Asp II, Asp III, Asp IV - TV

AUSROC-1? Only a pressure transducer fitted

Castor-Orbis - Test Vehicle

Castor Recruit - Test Vehicle

Castor 2R -test vehicle

Castor 4B - test vehicle

Deacon-Loki-Rockoon - 2 tests only

Jason Test Vehicle

Nike Asp Origins of NASA Names NASA Aerobee Hi flights http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4402/ch5.htm

D-Region Tommahawk - 1 test mission only

Conestoga Only 1 failed flight

Hyperion - Hybrid motor Test Vehicle

HYSR - test vehicle

Kangaroo - Test only. Cancelled. No scientific flights

Atea-1 (TV)

HJ Booster Name

Icarus - test vehicle 1 flight

Sparoair II, III, test

Terrier Linx - test vehicle

Kisha Judi TV

Hopi (family name), Hopi III (Motor)

Sidewinder Raven (Test)

Lebanon - no evidence of scientific experiments

WAC A, WAC B Test Vehicles

Industrial Sounding System - Canadian, Never flew

Seabee - Test only

Starbird Target Vehicle

Taurus S 1 Test, 1 Failure

Removed rockets

Australia


 * AUSROC-I

Canada


 * Industrial Sounding System

Lebanon

Lebanon

 * Arz-1, Arz-2-
 * Arz-3, Arz-4, Arz-5

New Zeland
 * Atea-1

USA


 * ALV


 * Arcon

Argo, Argo E20 - TV

Asp II, Asp III, Asp IV

Castor 2R, Castor 4B


 * Castor-Orbus
 * Castor-Recruit

Deacon Rockoon Loki,


 * Jason (Argo E-5)


 * D-Region Tomahawk

Nike-Asp (Aspan),


 * Hyperion
 * HYSR


 * Kangaroo (PWN-9)


 * Icarus

Sparoair I, Sparoair II SparoairIII,


 * Taurus S


 * Terrier Lynx


 * Kisha Judi


 * Hopi III


 * Sidewinder Raven


 * WAC A
 * WAC B


 * Seabee


 * Starbird

On to resolving the Aerobee Hi mess, then the Skylark family.

Mark Lincoln (talk) 22:13, 11 September 2015 (UTC)

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When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:14, 8 November 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 54 external links on List of sounding rockets. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:13, 2 January 2018 (UTC)